{"id":83016,"date":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket"},"modified":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","slug":"25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","title":{"rendered":"25 dob\u00ebsi n\u00eb RTOS Zephyr, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebrmes paketave ICMP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00ebrkuesit nga kompania NCC Group publikuan<\/a><\/noindex> rezultatet e auditi t\u00eb projektit t\u00eb lir\u00eb Zephyr<\/a><\/noindex>, duke e zhvilluar<\/a><\/noindex> nj\u00eb sistem operativ n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale (RTOS), i orientuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb pajisur pajisjet q\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me konceptin e 'Internetit t\u00eb Dingeve' (IoT, Internet of Things). Gjat\u00eb auditimit u zbulua 25 vulnerabilitete<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Zephyr dhe 1 vulnerabilitet n\u00eb MCUboot. Zhvillimi i Zephyr po b\u00ebhet me p\u00ebrfshirjen e kompanive Intel. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb total, 6 vulneraibilitete u zbuluan n\u00eb shtetin e rrjetit, 4 \u2014 n\u00eb kernel, 2 \u2014 n\u00eb shell-in e komandave, 5 n\u00eb trajtuesit e k\u00ebrkesave sistemike, 5 n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin USB dhe 3 n\u00eb mekanizmin e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb firmware-it. Dy problemeve iu caktua niveli kritik i rrezikshm\u00ebris\u00eb, dy \u2014 t\u00eb lart\u00eb, 9 t\u00eb moderuar, 9 \u2014 t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe 4 \u2014 p\u00ebr t'u marr\u00eb parasysh. Problemet kritike prekin shtetin IPv4 dhe parserin MQTT, nd\u00ebrlikuesit \u2014 drejtuesit USB mass storage dhe USB DFU. N\u00eb momentin e publikimit t\u00eb informacionit, rregullimet ishin p\u00ebrgatitur vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr 15 vulneraibilitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikshme, nd\u00ebrsa problemet q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb refuzim sh\u00ebrbimi ose jan\u00eb lidhur me mang\u00ebsi n\u00eb mekanizmat e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb kernelit mbeten ende t\u00eb pa rregulluara.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb stack-un IPv4 t\u00eb platform\u00ebs u identifikua nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet nga distanca, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb memories gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb ICMP-paketave t\u00eb modifikuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb specifike. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr problem i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm u gjet n\u00eb parserin e protokollit MQTT, i cili shkaktohet nga mungesa e verifikimit t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb fushave n\u00eb tituj dhe mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ekzekutimin e kodit nga distanca. Problemet m\u00eb pak t\u00eb rrezikshme q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb ndalim t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit u gjet\u00ebn n\u00eb stack-un IPv6 dhe realizimin e protokollit CoAP.<\/p>\n

Problemet e tjera mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen lokal p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar refuzim sh\u00ebrbimi ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar kod n\u00eb nivelin e kernelit. Shumica e k\u00ebtyre vulneraibiliteteve lidhen me munges\u00ebn e kontrollit t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb argumenteve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave sistemike, dhe mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkrimin dhe leximin e zonave t\u00eb rastit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb kernelit. Problemet gjithashtu prekin kodin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave sistemike \u2014 thirrja me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr negativ t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs sistemike \u00e7on n\u00eb mbushjen e numrit. N\u00eb kernel gjithashtu jan\u00eb zbuluar probleme n\u00eb zbatimin e mbrojtjes ASLR (rast\u00ebsia e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb adresave) dhe mekanizmit t\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb etiketave kanar n\u00eb grusht, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto mekanizma t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb paefektsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb probleme prekin stack-un USB dhe drejtues t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb problem n\u00eb ruajtjen USB lejon t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb mbivler\u00ebsim t\u00eb buffer dhe t\u00eb ekzekutoj\u00eb kod n\u00eb nivelin e kernelit kur nj\u00eb pajisje lidhet me nj\u00eb host USB t\u00eb kontrolluar nga nj\u00eb sulmues. Nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet n\u00eb USB DFU, drejtuesin p\u00ebr shkarkimin e firmware-it t\u00eb ri p\u00ebrmes USB, lejon ngarkimin e nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb modifikuar t\u00eb firmware-it n\u00eb Flash mikrokontrollerit, pa p\u00ebrdorur enkriptimin dhe duke u anashkaluar modalitetin e ngarkimit t\u00eb sigurt me verifikimin e komponenteve p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimit digjital. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, u shqyrtua Kodi i ngarkuesit t\u00eb hapur MCUboot<\/a><\/noindex>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin u gjend nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet i pa rreziksh\u00ebm,
\ni cili mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb mbivler\u00ebsim t\u00eb buffer gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb protokollit SMP (Simple Management Protocol) p\u00ebrmes UART.<\/p>\n

Kujtojm\u00eb se n\u00eb Zephyr p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha proceset ofrohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb globale e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt virtuale (SASOS, Single Address Space Operating System). Kodi specifik p\u00ebr aplikacionet kombinohet me kernelin e p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr aplikimin specifik dhe krijon nj\u00eb sked\u00eb ekzekutimi monolitike p\u00ebr ngarkimin dhe ekzekutimin n\u00eb pajisjet e caktuara. T\u00eb gjitha burimet sistemore p\u00ebrcaktohen n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kompilimit, \u00e7ka zvog\u00eblon madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e kodit dhe rrit performanc\u00ebn. N\u00eb imazhin sistemor mund t\u00eb inkluzohen vet\u00ebm ato mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb kernelit q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e aplikacionit.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se nj\u00eb nga p\u00ebrfitimet kryesore t\u00eb Zephyr p\u00ebrmendet<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi me fokus n\u00eb sigurin\u00eb. Afirmohet<\/a><\/noindex>, se t\u00eb gjitha fazat e zhvillimit kalojn\u00eb detyrimisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushjen e hapave t\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb kodit: testimi fuzzing, analiza statike, provat e dep\u00ebrtimit, rishikimi i kodit, analiza e implantimit t\u00eb backdoor-ve dhe modelimi i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 NCC Group \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Zephyr, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (RTOS), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 «\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439» (IoT, Internet of Things). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 25 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 Zephyr \u0438 1 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 MCUboot. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 Zephyr \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Intel. \u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd4725 vulnerabilitete n\u00eb RTOS Zephyr, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebrmes paketave ICMP | ProHoster","description":"K\u00ebrkuesit nga kompania NCC Group publikuan rezultatet e auditi t\u00eb projektit t\u00eb lir\u00eb Zephyr, duke zhvilluar sistemin operativ n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale (RTOS), i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb pajisjet q\u00eb p\u00ebrkojn\u00eb me konceptin e \"Internetit t\u00eb Things\" (IoT, Internet of Things). Gjat\u00eb auditi, u identifikuan 25 vulnerabilitete n\u00eb Zephyr dhe 1 vulnerabilitet n\u00eb MCUboot. Zhvillimi i Zephyr po b\u00ebhet me p\u00ebrfshirjen e kompanive Intel. N\u00eb total u identifikuan 6","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd4725 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 RTOS Zephyr, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 ICMP-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 NCC Group \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Zephyr, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (RTOS), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 "\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439" (IoT, Internet of Things). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 25 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 Zephyr \u0438 1 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 MCUboot. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 Zephyr \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Intel. \u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 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