{"id":83016,"date":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket"},"modified":"2020-05-27T19:41:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T17:41:58","slug":"25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/25-uyazvimostej-v-rtos-zephyr-v-tom-chisle-ekspluatiruemye-cherez-icmp-paket","title":{"rendered":"25 vulnerabilitete n\u00eb RTOS Zephyr, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebrmes paketave ICMP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00ebrkuesit nga kompania NCC Group <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/research.nccgroup.com\/2020\/05\/26\/research-report-zephyr-and-mcuboot-security-assessment\/\">publikuan<\/a><\/noindex> rezultatet e auditimit t\u00eb projektit t\u00eb lir\u00eb  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zephyrproject.org\/\">Zephyr<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=46727\">n\u00eb zhvillim<\/a><\/noindex> \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (RTOS), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439&#187; (IoT, Internet of Things). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/research.nccgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCC_Group_Zephyr_MCUboot_Research_Report_2020-05-26_v1.0.pdf\">25 vulnerabilitete<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Zephyr dhe 1 vulnerabilitet n\u00eb MCUboot. Zhvillimi i Zephyr b\u00ebhet me pjes\u00ebmarrjen e kompanive Intel. <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 6 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, 4 &#8212; \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435, 2 &#8212; \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435, 5 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432, 5 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 USB \u0438 3 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u0432\u0443\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439, 9 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, 9 &#8212; \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 4 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 IPv4 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0440 MQTT, \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b USB mass storage \u0438 USB DFU. \u041d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f 15 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb grumbullin IPv4 t\u00eb platform\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb identifikuar nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet nga distanca, duke shkaktuar d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb memories kur p\u00ebrpunohen paketa ICMP t\u00eb modifikuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Nj\u00eb problem tjet\u00ebr serioz \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb parserin e protokollit MQTT, i shkaktuar nga mungesa e verifikimit t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb fushave n\u00eb krye dhe mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ekzekutimin e kodit nga distanca. Probleme m\u00eb t\u00eb ulta, q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb refuzim sh\u00ebrbimi, jan\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb grumbullin IPv6 dhe zbatimin e protokollit CoAP.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 &#8212;  \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0412 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b ASLR (\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430) \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. <\/p>\n<p>Shum\u00eb probleme prekin struktur\u00ebn USB dhe drejtues t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb problem n\u00eb ruajtjen masive USB mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb mbushje t\u00eb tamponit dhe t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs kur lidh nj\u00eb pajisje me nj\u00eb host USB t\u00eb kontrolluar nga nj\u00eb sulmues. Nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi n\u00eb USB DFU, drejtuesi p\u00ebr ngarkimin e nj\u00eb firmueri t\u00eb ri p\u00ebrmes USB, lejon ngarkimin e nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb modifikuar t\u00eb firmuerit n\u00eb Flash-in e brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb mikroqarkut pa p\u00ebrdorur enkriptim dhe duke e anashkaluar modalitetin e fillimit t\u00eb mbrojtur me verifikimin e komponent\u00ebve nga n\u00ebnshkrimi digjital. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb studiuar kodi i ngarkuesit t\u00eb hapur. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/juullabs-oss.github.io\/mcuboot\/\">MCUboot<\/a><\/noindex>, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi e pad\u00ebmshme,<br \/>\ne cila mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb mbushje t\u00eb tamponit gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb protokollit SMP (Simple Management Protocol) p\u00ebrmes UART.<\/p>\n<p>Kujtojm\u00eb se n\u00eb Zephyr, t\u00eb gjitha proceset disponojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt virtuale globale t\u00eb adresave (SASOS, Single Address Space Operating System). Kodi specifik p\u00ebr aplikacione kombinohet me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e adaptuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe formon nj\u00eb skedar ekzekutiv monolitik p\u00ebr ngarkim dhe ekzekutim n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb caktuar. T\u00eb gjitha burimet sistemore p\u00ebrcaktohen n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kompilimit, duke reduktuar madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e kodit dhe rritur performanc\u00ebn. Vet\u00ebm ato mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e aplikacionit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb imazhin sistemor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se nj\u00eb ngaavantazhet kryesore t\u00eb Zephyr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osrtos.com\/rtos\/zephyr\/\">p\u00ebrmendet<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvillimi me nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim n\u00eb siguri. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.zephyrproject.org\/1.11.0\/security\/security-overview.html\">Pretendohet<\/a><\/noindex>, se t\u00eb gjitha fazat e zhvillimit kalojn\u00eb faza obligative t\u00eb konfirmimit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb kodit: testimi me fuzzing, analiza statike, prova p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb dep\u00ebrtimin, rishikimi i kodit, analiza p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb backdoor-ve dhe modelimi i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53033\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 NCC Group \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Zephyr, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (RTOS), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439&#187; (IoT, Internet of Things). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 25 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 Zephyr \u0438 1 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 MCUboot. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 Zephyr \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 Intel. \u0412 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 NCC Group \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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