{"id":83087,"date":"2020-05-28T13:42:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/revolyucziya-v-svyazi-novyj-podhod-pozvolyaet-ekonomit-polosu-v-100-i-bolee-raz-pri-audio-i-videozvonkah"},"modified":"2020-05-28T13:42:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T11:42:00","slug":"revolyucziya-v-svyazi-novyj-podhod-pozvolyaet-ekonomit-polosu-v-100-i-bolee-raz-pri-audio-i-videozvonkah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/revolyucziya-v-svyazi-novyj-podhod-pozvolyaet-ekonomit-polosu-v-100-i-bolee-raz-pri-audio-i-videozvonkah","title":{"rendered":"Revolucioni n\u00eb komunikim? Qasja e re lejon kursimin e bandwidth-it deri n\u00eb 100 her\u00eb n\u00eb thirrjet audio dhe video","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Revolucioni
\n
\nShum\u00eb njer\u00ebz e mbajn\u00eb mend se seria \"Silicon Valley\" tregon p\u00ebr programuesin Richard
\nHendricks, i cili rast\u00ebsisht shpiku nj\u00eb algorit\u00ebm revolucionar p\u00ebr kompresimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe vendosi
\nt\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonte startup-in e tij.<\/p>\n

Konsulent\u00ebt e serialit madje propozuan nj\u00eb metrik\u00eb, me an\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohen
\nalgoritmet e tilla \u2013 koeficienti imagjinar Weissman (Weissman Score).<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, sipas intriges, startup-i krijoi nj\u00eb videochat duke p\u00ebrdorur k\u00ebt\u00eb zgjidhje.<\/p>\n

Shoqata e nderuar i ofron diskutimit nj\u00eb parim tjet\u00ebr, krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb
\np\u00ebr kompresimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr thirrje audio dhe video, i cili zgjidh problemin nga nj\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb re,
\nt\u00eb befasishme.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb merrni pjes\u00eb n\u00eb diskutimin rreth k\u00ebsaj zgjidhjeje, si dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni se \u00e7far\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb
\nkoncept me Jonathan Swift dhe veprat e Lev Tolstoit, ju lutem ndiqni m\u00eb posht\u00eb.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pak teori<\/h4>\n

\nLe t'i p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb terma t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm se si funksionon komunikimi audio modern \u2013 parimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb p\u00ebr
\nthirrjet n\u00eb rrjetin GSM, si dhe p\u00ebr mesazher\u00ebt dhe rrjetet VOIP.<\/p>\n

Val\u00ebt akustike hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb mikrofonin e smartfonit, m\u00eb pas n\u00eb konvertuesin analoog-digjital (ADC):
\nM\u00eb pas, ndodh kodimi me kode t\u00eb ndryshme (G711, G729, OPUS, GSM etj.),<\/p>\n

\"Revolucioni
\n
\nM\u00eb pas, ndodhin kodifikimi i ndrysh\u00ebm me kodeka t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm (G711, G729, OPUS, GSM etj.),
\nshto do t\u00eb shtohet ose nuk do t\u00eb shtohet enkriptimi (SRTP, ZPTP etj.) dhe d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb mjedis
\ntransmetimi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha mesazher\u00ebt (WhatsApp, Viber etj.) p\u00ebrdorin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebt kodek\u00ebt (koh\u00ebt e fundit, zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb Opus), dhe pothuajse t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebt protokolle pak
\nt\u00eb ndryshuara (me baz\u00eb SIP, WebRTC).<\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb internet publik ose nj\u00eb rrjet GSM ose
\nintranet:<\/p>\n

\"Revolucioni
\n
\nEnkriptimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb element opsional n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb skem\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve p\u00ebr
\ntelefonin\u00eb SIP enkriptimi nuk p\u00ebrdoret.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb mesazher\u00eb, p\u00ebrkundrazi - zakonisht p\u00ebrdoren protokollet e tyre proprietar\u00eb
\np\u00ebr enkriptimin e z\u00ebrit dhe videos.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas ndodh procesi i kund\u00ebrt \u2013 adresati, pasi merr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, dekodifikon informacionin e marr\u00eb, pastaj sinjali kalon n\u00eb DAC (konvertues analogjik t\u00eb digjitalit) dhe m\u00eb pas kalon n\u00eb amplifikatorin audio, i lidhur me altoparlantin:<\/p>\n

\"Revolucioni
\n
\nKarakteristikat e kodek\u00ebve modern\u00eb:<\/p>\n

G.711 64 Kb\/s.
\nG.726 16, 24, 32 ose 40 Kb\/s.
\nG.729A 8 Kb\/s.
\nGSM 13 Kb\/s.
\niLBC 13.3 Kb\/s. (30 ms frekuenc\u00eb); 15.2 Kb\/s. (20 ms frekuenc\u00eb)
\nSpeex Gama nga 2.15 n\u00eb 22.4 Kb\/s.
\nG.722 64 Kb\/s.<\/p>\n

Pra ndaj, p\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb bisede prej 7 minutash n\u00eb WhatsApp ose Skype do t\u00eb
\nshpenzohen rreth 1 MB.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb k\u00ebto numra \u2014 1 MB p\u00ebr 7 minuta bised\u00eb, s\u00eb shpejti do na duhen.<\/p>\n

\u201cLevi Tolstoi si pasqyr\u00eb\u2026 revolucioni\u2026\u201d<\/h4>\n

\nLe t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim romanin m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shkrimtari t\u00eb madh rus:<\/p>\n

\u00abLufta dhe paqja\u00bb \u2014 nj\u00eb roman-epop\u00eb i Lev Nikolajevich Tolstoj, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruan shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb
\nrus n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e luft\u00ebrave kund\u00ebr Napoleonit nga viti 1805 deri n\u00eb vitin 1812. Epilogu i romanit e \u00e7on
\nrr\u00ebfimin deri n\u00eb vitin 1820.<\/p>\n

Romani \u00abLufta dhe paqja\u00bb L.N. Tolstoj e kushtoi shtat\u00eb vjet pun\u00eb t\u00eb tensionuar dhe t\u00eb palodhur. Rreth krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb prej veprave m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha bot\u00ebrore, flasin dor\u00ebshkrimet
\ne \u00abLuft\u00ebs dhe paqes\u00bb: n\u00eb arkivin e shkrimtarit jan\u00eb ruajtur m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5200 faqe t\u00eb shkruara ngusht\u00eb.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse tani d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb lexoni k\u00ebt\u00eb roman, mund ta shkarkoni leht\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Dhe ky skedari peshon vet\u00ebm... 1 MB:<\/p>\n

\"Revolucioni
\n
\nFormatet fb2 dhe epub, si dhe zip, rar, n\u00eb thelb mund t\u00eb konsiderohen nj\u00eb lloj
\nkodekesh.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb reflektojm\u00eb \u2013 7 minuta e bised\u00ebs son\u00eb n\u00eb WhatsApp jan\u00eb t\u00eb barabarta n\u00eb volum me trafikun
\ne nj\u00eb vepre t\u00eb madhe, e cila u shkrua p\u00ebr 7 vjet!<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb bised\u00eb prej 7 minutash ishte koduar me codec opus, nj\u00eb roman u kodua n\u00eb ePub, volum i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb \u2013
\n1MB, por cila \u00ebsht\u00eb diferenca kolosale!<\/p>\n

Udh\u00ebtimet e Gulliverit<\/h4>\n

\nT\u00eb gjith\u00eb e njohin k\u00ebt\u00eb vep\u00ebr t\u00eb Jonathan Swift nga f\u00ebmij\u00ebria, por n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb kjo lib\u00ebr nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr
\nf\u00ebmij\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

\u201cUdh\u00ebtimet e Gulliverit\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb satire politike p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur, natyrisht n\u00eb kontekstin e shekullit t\u00eb 18
\nt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

E habitshme \u00ebsht\u00eb se Swift, duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtar i zjarrt\u00eb i nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsi t\u00eb tij \u2013
\nNewtonit, n\u00eb \u201cUdh\u00ebtimet e Gulliverit\u201d jo vet\u00ebm parashikoi zbuluar satelit\u00ebt
\ne Marsit (me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim mjaft t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb tyre), por gjithashtu p\u00ebrshkroi nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb mrekullueshme
\np\u00ebr komunikim mes njer\u00ebzve:<\/p>\n

\u201c... projekti k\u00ebrkonte shfuqizimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fjal\u00ebve;
\nautor i k\u00ebtij projekti referohej kryesisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimin e tij p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin dhe kursimin
\ne koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se \u00e7do fjal\u00eb q\u00eb ne shqiptojm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me nj\u00eb shpenzim t\u00eb caktuar
\nt\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive dhe, p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, \u00e7on n\u00eb shkurtimin e jet\u00ebs son\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Dhe q\u00eb fjal\u00ebt jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm emra t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave, autori i projektit sugjeron
\nse do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr ne t\u00eb kishim me vete gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shprehur
\nmendimeve dhe d\u00ebshirave.<\/p>\n

\u2026 shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz shum\u00eb t\u00eb ditur dhe t\u00eb men\u00e7ur e p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr t\u00eb shprehur
\nmendimet e tyre me an\u00eb t\u00eb objekteve.<\/p>\n

Pengesa e vetme e k\u00ebtij sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se, n\u00eb rast se nevojitet
\nt\u00eb zhvillohen biseda t\u00eb gjata mbi tema t\u00eb ndryshme, bashk\u00ebbiseduesit duhet t\u00eb bartin
\npesh\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me objekte, n\u00ebse mjetet nuk lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ose
\ndy djem t\u00eb fort\u00eb. M\u00eb ka ndodhur shpesh t\u00eb shoh dy t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb luftonin nga
\npesha e ngarkes\u00ebs, si tregtar\u00ebt tan\u00eb t\u00eb shitjes n\u00eb rrug\u00eb. Kur takoheshin n\u00eb rrug\u00eb, ata hiqnin
\n\u00e7antat nga supet, i hapnin ato dhe, duke nxjerr\u00eb nga aty objektet e nevojshme, zhvillonin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb biseda p\u00ebr
\nnj\u00eb or\u00eb; pastaj grumbullonin sendet e tyre, ndihmonin nj\u00ebri-tjetrin t\u00eb ngarkonin ngarkes\u00ebn n\u00eb
\nsup, p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndesnin dhe ndaheshin.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr biseda t\u00eb shkurtra dhe t\u00eb thjeshta mund t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb nevojshme n\u00eb xhep
\nose posht\u00eb sqetull\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa biseda q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi nuk shkaktojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb
\nv\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi. Prandaj, dhomat ku mblidhen ata q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbushura
\nobjekte t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbyer si materiale p\u00ebr k\u00ebto artificiale
\nbiseda.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga avantajet e tjera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shpikjeje \u00ebsht\u00eb se ajo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret
\nsi nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb universale, e kuptueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha kombet e zhvilluara, pasi mobiljet dhe pajisjet sht\u00ebpiake jan\u00eb gjithandej t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta ose shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb kuptimin e tyre.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, d\u00ebrguesit mund t\u00eb flasin pa v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi me mbret\u00ebr ose
\nministra t\u00eb huaj, gjuh\u00ebn e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve ata nuk e din\u00eb fare...
\nministrave, gjuha e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e panjohur p\u00ebr ta\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n

Pse t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni vibracione ajri (tinguj) p\u00ebr shum\u00eb qindra dhe mij\u00ebra kilometra,<\/p>\n

t\u00eb merremi me kodimin (p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar k\u00ebto vibracione ajri me sa m\u00eb sakt\u00eb dhe me cil\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb), t\u00eb mbani shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kalimit, n\u00ebse ngarkesa
\nkoncepte e k\u00ebsaj transmetimi \u00ebsht\u00eb minimale, madje mund t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb zero?
\nSepse njer\u00ebzit komunikohet mes vete jo me tinguj, por me kuptime, p\u00ebrmbajtje, semantik\u00eb, mendime...<\/p>\n

Koncepti i sistemit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb komunikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i thjesht\u00eb - n\u00eb an\u00ebn e burimit A tingujt<\/p>\n

Koncepti i sistemit t\u00eb ri t\u00eb komunikimit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i thjesht\u00eb \u2013 n\u00eb an\u00ebn e burimit A tingujt
\nnj\u00ebngjitjet gjithashtu digjitalizohen, por nuk d\u00ebrgohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb te pala tjet\u00ebr, por
\nkonvertohen n\u00eb tekst (Speech To Text) dhe m\u00eb pas d\u00ebrgohet tashm\u00eb teksti i kuptuesh\u00ebm nga
\nabonenti A, i cili:<\/p>\n