{"id":84590,"date":"2020-06-09T01:42:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T23:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samoe-glavnoe-v-wi-fi-6-net-seryozno"},"modified":"2020-06-09T01:42:40","modified_gmt":"2020-06-08T23:42:40","slug":"samoe-glavnoe-v-wi-fi-6-net-seryozno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/samoe-glavnoe-v-wi-fi-6-net-seryozno","title":{"rendered":"Gj\u00ebja m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6. Jo, seriozisht","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse i besojm\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Einsteinit, treguesi kryesor i kuptimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb subjekti \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr ta shpjeguar at\u00eb sa m\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb postim do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb shpjegoj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar veprimin e nj\u00eb detaji t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb standardit t\u00eb ri, i cili p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye Wi-Fi Alliance e konsideron t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb u p\u00ebrmenduar n\u00eb infografik\u00ebn mbi mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e reja t\u00eb Wi-Fi 6, ndon\u00ebse ajo, si\u00e7 do t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb s\u00eb bashku, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe interesante. K\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka mjaft e thell\u00eb dhe sigurisht q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse (sepse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb hash nj\u00eb elefant, madje edhe n\u00eb copa), por shpresoj se ne t\u00eb gjith\u00eb do t\u00eb nxjerrim di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re dhe interesante nga ekzerqsit\u00eb e mia verbale.<\/p>\n

I nj\u00ebjti 802.11ax, q\u00eb ne e presim \u00e7do dit\u00eb prej t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn dy vitesh, p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb mori novacionesh dhe befasish. Para \u00e7do k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb flas\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, gjithmon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjedhje: ose t\u00eb organizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje duke p\u00ebrmendur nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh abbreviaturash dhe shkurtimesh, duke u munduar t\u00eb mos humbas\u00eb n\u00eb mekanizmat kompleks\u00eb n\u00ebn kapak\u00ebt e secil\u00ebs prej tyre, ose t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb raport nj\u00eb-or\u00ebsh p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, m\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme p\u00ebr autorin. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb guxoj t\u00eb shkoj edhe m\u00eb tej: pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e sh\u00ebnimit tim do i kushtohet madje jo t\u00eb rejave!
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPra, q\u00eb prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00ebzet vitesh, disa rrjeta wireless t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb standardesh t\u00eb familjes 802.11, dhe si\u00e7 do t\u00eb thoshte \u00e7do fol\u00ebs q\u00eb e respekton veten, do t\u00eb m\u00eb duhej t\u00eb riktheja paksa rrug\u00ebn e ngjarjeve t\u00eb gjith\u00eb q\u00eb soll\u00ebn n\u00eb bot\u00eb miliarda pajisje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrshtueshme \u2014 por, si nj\u00eb autor q\u00eb respekton lexuesin, un\u00eb do ta rrezikoja q\u00eb ta mos b\u00ebj k\u00ebt\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, disa gj\u00ebra do t\u00eb duhej t'i rikujtojm\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrit. <\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha iteracionet e Wi-Fi kan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb, por jo maksimizimin e kapacitetit kalues. Kjo buron nga mekanizmi i qasjes n\u00eb mjedis (CSMA\/CA), i cili nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb optimal n\u00eb aspektin e nxjerrjes s\u00eb kilobit\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb nga mediumi i transmetimit (p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb mbi pap\u00ebrsosm\u00ebrin\u00eb e bot\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe wifi n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, mund t\u00eb lexoni n\u00eb artikullin e ish-koleg\u00ebt t\u00eb mi) skhomm<\/a><\/noindex> k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>), poros ajet e papritur n\u00eb praktikisht \u00e7do kushte. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, mund t\u00eb thyhen pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha parimet thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb projektimit t\u00eb rrjeteve Wi-Fi \u2014 dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb till\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhin shk\u00ebmbimet e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave! E gjith\u00eb mekanika e projektuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar at\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb anglisht quhet me fjal\u00ebn e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer, robustness, \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb u mund\u00ebson klient\u00ebve t\u00eb rrjetit Wi-Fi t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb dhe\/ose pranojn\u00eb copat e tyre t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. I gjith\u00eb shtresa e paketave t\u00eb larta mbi modulacionet e rritura, agregimin e frameve me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna (nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht k\u00ebshtu, por le t\u00eb jet\u00eb!) vazhdon t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb p\u00ebrtej dy parimeve kryesore 802.11, t\u00eb cilat sigurojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb besueshm\u00ebri t\u00eb pap\u00ebrs\u00ebritshme:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cKur nj\u00ebri flet \u2014 t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt heshtin\u201d;<\/li>\n
  2. \u201c\u00c7do gj\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, thuhet ngadal\u00eb dhe qart\u00eb.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nPika e dyt\u00eb shkakton nj\u00eb d\u00ebm shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madh ndaj kapacitetit t\u00eb rrjetit sesa mund t\u00eb duket n\u00eb shikim t\u00eb par\u00eb. Ja nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e bukur q\u00eb ilustron nj\u00eb cop\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb rrjetin Wi-Fi:<\/p>\n

    \"Gj\u00ebja
    \n
    \nLe t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit e zakonsh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk din\u00eb se sa faqe ka n\u00eb standardin 802.11-2016. Ajo shpejt\u00ebsi transferimi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash q\u00eb sistemi e shkruan n\u00eb pronat e rrjetit pa tel dhe q\u00eb marketingu i \u00e7do prodhuesi e jep n\u00eb kutit\u00eb e pikave t\u00eb aksesit (sigurisht q\u00eb e keni par\u00eb \u2014 1,7 Gb\/s! 2,4 Gb\/s! 9000 Gb\/s!), jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pika m\u00eb e lart\u00eb dhe maksimale n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e plot\u00eb t\u00eb transferimit, por gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet vet\u00ebm pjesa e blert\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grafik t\u00eb bukur. T\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e tjera do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi q\u00eb n\u00eb anglisht quhet management rate (dhe n\u00eb rusisht gjithashtu, sepse p\u00ebrkthimi i k\u00ebtyre shprehjeve mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb keqkuptime t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme midis inxhinier\u00ebve), dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt, jo thjesht disa her\u00eb, por n\u00eb QIND<\/b> her\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, pa asnj\u00eb cil\u00ebsim shtes\u00eb, nj\u00eb rrjet n\u00eb 802.11ac, i cili mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me klient\u00eb n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb kanaleve prej 1300 Mb\/s, d\u00ebrgon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionin sh\u00ebrbimor (gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e blert\u00eb n\u00eb grafik\u00ebn ton\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb frikshme) n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e menaxhimit 6 Mb\/s. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se dyqind her\u00eb m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb! <\/p>\n

    Pyetja logjike \u00ebsht\u00eb - cila, m\u00eb falni, dat\u00eb e cilit muaj mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb kaluar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb ide kaq e d\u00ebmshme n\u00eb standardin me t\u00eb cilin punojn\u00eb miliarda pajisje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn? P\u00ebrgjigjja logjike \u00ebsht\u00eb - p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria, p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria, p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria! Rrjeti n\u00eb pik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb aksesit duhet t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e funksionimit p\u00ebr pajisje dhjet\u00eb apo madje pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7are, dhe pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ato pjes\u00eb<\/p>\n

    Tani jam gati t'i jap secilit interesant nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb paz\u00ebvend\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb u shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr megabit\u00ebt e p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb pa q\u00ebllim q\u00eb humbasin n\u00eb Wi-Fi-n\u00eb moderne - ky \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb studim i detyruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb qarqet inxhinierike Kalkulatori i WiFi AirTime<\/b> i autor\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb entuziastit norvegjez t\u00eb 802.11 Gjermund Raaen. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lidhje<\/a><\/noindex> rezultati i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tij duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

    \"Gj\u00ebja
    \n
    \nRreshti 1 - koha e kaluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash prej 1512 byte nga pajisja 802.11n n\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi kanali 20 MHz.<\/p>\n

    Rreshti 2 - koha e kaluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn paket\u00eb nga nj\u00eb pajisje me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin formul\u00ebn e anten\u00ebs, por q\u00eb punon tashm\u00eb sipas standardit 802.11ac n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal me gjer\u00ebsi 80 MHz.<\/p>\n

    Si ndodhi k\u00ebshtu - \"e prishur\" n\u00eb kat\u00ebr her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb eter, modulasioni maksimal u komplikuar nga 64QAM n\u00eb 256QAM, shpejt\u00ebsia e kanalit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb GJASHT\u00cb<\/b> her\u00eb (433 Mb\/s n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 72 Mb\/s), dhe fitimi \u00ebsht\u00eb maksimumi 25% e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb eterit? <\/p>\n

    P\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria dhe dy parimet 802.11, e mbani mend?<\/p>\n

    Mir\u00eb, si mund ta korrigjojm\u00eb nj\u00eb padrejt\u00ebsi dhe shp\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb till\u00eb - do ta pyesim veten, si ndoshta e ka pyetur \u00e7do grup pune IEEE q\u00eb ka filluar krijimin e standardit? M\u00eb vijn\u00eb n\u00eb mend disa rrug\u00eb logjike:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. T\u00eb shpejtojm\u00eb transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb \"cop\u00ebn e gjelb\u00ebr\" t\u00eb grafik\u00ebs.<\/i><\/b> Kjo b\u00ebhet me \u00e7do standard t\u00eb ri, sepse numrat e m\u00ebdhenj duken bukur n\u00eb kutit\u00eb. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, si\u00e7 e v\u00ebm\u00eb n\u00eb dukje vet\u00ebm tani, kjo jep nj\u00eb rritje p\u00ebrfundimtare - madje edhe n\u00ebse ne e p\u00ebrshpejtojm\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e kanalit n\u00eb nj\u00ebqind mij\u00eb milion gigabit n\u00eb nanosekond\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e tjera t\u00eb grafik\u00ebs nuk do t\u00eb zhduken ashtu. Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye rekomandoj n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha tregimet p\u00ebr \u00e7do standard t\u00eb ri 802.11 t\u00eb anashkalojm\u00eb paragraf\u00ebt ku p\u00ebrmenden megabit\u00ebt n\u00eb sekond\u00eb.<\/li>\n
    2. T\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha pjes\u00ebt e tjera t\u00eb grafik\u00ebs.<\/i><\/b> N\u00eb fakt, n\u00ebse dyfishojm\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn transmetohet \u00e7do gj\u00eb \"jo e gjelb\u00ebr\" (ose \"jo e kaltr\u00eb\", n\u00ebse ende po shihni imazhin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm), do t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb pak m\u00eb pak se 50% rritje t\u00eb kapacitetit t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb \u2014 por, me humbjen e p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me pajisjet dhe disa nuanca t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni kur t\u00eb filloni t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatiteni p\u00ebr provimin p\u00ebr titullin e lavdish\u00ebm CWNA \ud83d\ude42 Spoiler: nuk do t\u00eb arrihet gjithmon\u00eb, pas nj\u00eb mendimi t\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe duke kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkelje e nj\u00ebrit nga dy parimet e 802.11, prandaj duhet t\u00eb jeni shum\u00eb t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm me t\u00eb!<\/li>\n
    3. T\u00eb bashkohen disa nga k\u00ebto frame t\u00eb tilla s\u00eb bashku me pjes\u00ebt e gjelbra.<\/i><\/b> Sa m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjesa e gjelb\u00ebr, aq m\u00eb efektive \u00ebsht\u00eb rritja e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kanalit. Po, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb strategji e pun\u00ebs, e cila u shfaq q\u00eb n\u00eb 802.11n dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga disa nga themel\u00ebt e revolucionaritetit t\u00eb tij. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se, s\u00eb pari, disa aplikacione nuk u intereson p\u00ebr t\u00eb till\u00eb agregimin (p\u00ebr shembull, ai i famshmi Voice over Wi-Fi), dhe, s\u00eb dyti, disa pajisje gjithashtu nuk i japin v\u00ebmendje k\u00ebsaj (nj\u00ebher\u00eb vendosa t\u00eb kap disa nga k\u00ebto frame t\u00eb agreguara n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet real t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb ku punoj, por nga >500k kadrove t\u00eb \"kapura\" t\u00eb agreguara, kishte pik\u00ebrisht zero. Ndoshta problemi q\u00ebndron n\u00eb metodologjin\u00eb time t\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, por jam i gatsh\u00ebm ta diskutoj at\u00eb me k\u00ebdo q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron n\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb private!). <\/li>\n
    4. T\u00eb shkelni parimin e par\u00eb nga dy t\u00eb 802.11, duke filluar t\u00eb flisni kur dikush tjet\u00ebr flet.<\/i><\/b> Dhe k\u00ebtu, n\u00eb fakt, ndihmon 802.11ax.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nSa mir\u00eb, m\u00eb n\u00eb fund e kam arritur n\u00eb tregimin tim p\u00ebr Wi-Fi 6 n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6! N\u00ebse ende po e lexoni k\u00ebt\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb ose jeni t\u00eb detyruar ta b\u00ebni p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye, ose ju intereson v\u00ebrtet. Pra, megjith\u00ebse 802.11ax trash\u00ebgon nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb punimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb gjith\u00eb familjes 802.11 (dhe jo vet\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn \u2014 disa k\u00ebnde fantastike u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 802.16, gjithashtu i njohur si WiMAX), disa gj\u00ebra n\u00eb t\u00eb jan\u00eb gjithsesi t\u00eb reja dhe origjinale. Zakonisht mbi k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb vendoset nj\u00eb imazh i till\u00eb, i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb faqen e Wi-Fi Alliance:<\/p>\n

      \"Gj\u00ebja
      \n
      \nAs I mentioned from the very beginning, we can only adequately consider one of these key points within a single readable article \u2014 specifically, none of those presented in the picture (what a surprise!). I'm sure you've already read a million brief descriptions of each of these eight key elements; however, I'll continue my long-winded tale about what follows from OFDMA \u2014 multiple access to the medium (MU-access control), which, as we can see, didn\u2019t make it onto the infographic at all. And that's a pity!<\/p>\n

      Multiple access is what makes dividing the channel into subcarriers meaningful at all. Why attempt to inspect different pieces of the spectrum if there won't be a mechanism capable of making clients of the new Wi-Fi 6 network break one of the inviolable rules up to now and start communicating simultaneously? And, of course, such a mechanism had to emerge \u2014 reducing the impact of the 'long' issue compared to service information data. How? Very simply: let the 'slow' service part be transmitted as before, while the 'fast' part, containing the actual data, is sent simultaneously from multiple (or several) devices on command! It looks something like this:<\/p>\n

      \"Gj\u00ebja
      \n
      \nIt seems complicated, but in essence, it can be explained quite easily: the access point, using a special frame understandable to all (even non-Wi-Fi 6!) devices, informs that it is ready to transmit data to both STA1 and STA2 at the same time. Since the 'header' of this frame is completely clear even to very old clients, they deduce correctly that the channel will be occupied for a certain time transferring information to other network clients and begin counting down to the end of this period (as always in Wi-Fi). Meanwhile, devices STA1 and STA2 understand that data will now be transmitted to them in a new way, simultaneously, each on its own piece of the channel, and they respond to the access point at the same time, and then also synchronously confirm the reception of the frame (each with its own data portion!), and the medium becomes free again. 'Bottom-up', this works in a similar way:<\/p>\n

      \"Gj\u00ebja
      \n
      \nDall\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe t\u00eb dukshme \u00ebsht\u00eb se pika e qasjes n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb njofton stacionet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb flasin nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kur t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb transferimin, p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kadri t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, q\u00eb quhet Trigger. Kjo, n\u00eb thelb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb 'm\u00ebnyr\u00eb e re' p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mekanizmin e qasjes m\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb mjedis, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb, sipas mendimit tim modest, nj\u00eb nga inovacionet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme 'n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi' t\u00eb standardit t\u00eb ri. N\u00eb t\u00eb, klient\u00ebt marrin nj\u00eb 'plan' se si t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb nj\u00eb kanale frekuence; pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb t\u00eb, klient\u00ebt njoftojn\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht pik\u00ebn e qasjes se kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe kan\u00eb pasur mund\u00ebsi t'i shqyrtojn\u00eb ato. Aty, pika e qasjes njofton t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb mund t\u00eb 'flasin' nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr fillimin e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 dhe aty gjithashtu pika e qasjes fillon d\u00ebrgimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb i nevojiten. Mekanizmi i ri Trigger frame, n\u00eb thelb, lejon t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet p\u00ebrdorimi i paarsyesh\u00ebm i kapacitetit t\u00eb frecuencave - dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb aq efektive sa sa shum\u00eb klient\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb perceptojn\u00eb sakt\u00eb!<\/p>\n

      Tani le t\u00eb formulojm\u00eb pikat kryesore q\u00eb dalin nga e gjith\u00eb kjo histori e gjat\u00eb dhe q\u00eb pretendon t\u00eb jet\u00eb TL;DR: <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Pikat e qasjes s\u00eb standardit t\u00eb ri 802.11ax, edhe duke u mb\u00ebshtetur vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shum\u00eb risit\u00eb, do t\u00eb fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb rrisin kapacitetin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb rrjetit qysh nga t\u00eb dyt\u00eb<\/b> pajisja klient q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kompatibile! Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn dy klient\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb flasin nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, at\u00ebher\u00eb, duke pasur parasysh t\u00eb gjitha gj\u00ebrat e tjera t\u00eb barabarta (nuk kam asnj\u00eb arsyetim p\u00ebr t\u00eb supozuar se shofer\u00ebt p\u00ebr modulat radio t\u00eb klient\u00ebve do t\u00eb shkruhen m\u00eb mir\u00eb se m\u00eb par\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb agregimi i pjes\u00ebve 't\u00eb dobishme' t\u00eb kadrove dhe shum\u00eb funksione t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb varen nga klient\u00ebt ndoshta do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb po aq keq), ata DO T\u00cb rrisin tashm\u00eb kapacitetin mesatar t\u00eb transferimit. Prandaj, n\u00ebse po mendoni p\u00ebr nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb ri Wi-Fi - ka kuptim q\u00eb t\u00eb shqyrtoni menj\u00ebher\u00eb pikat e qasjes m\u00eb t\u00eb reja dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, sepse edhe n\u00ebse tani klient\u00ebt p\u00ebr to jan\u00eb ende t\u00eb pak\u00ebt - situata nuk do t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb si kjo p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/li>\n
      2. T\u00eb gjitha trikat dhe hilet q\u00eb sot jan\u00eb n\u00eb arsenalin e nj\u00eb inxhinieri t\u00eb mir\u00eb pa tel do t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb vlefshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb \u2014 mekanizmi i aksesit n\u00eb ambient, ndon\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar, duke shkelur parimet themelore q\u00eb jan\u00eb mbajtur p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 vjet, gjithsesi e mban n\u00eb fokus kompatibilitetin. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb mbetet e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb \u201cnormat e menaxhimit t\u00eb ngadalta\u201d (dhe ende \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb kuptohet se p\u00ebrse dhe kur), gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb planifikohet mir\u00eb niveli fizik sepse asnj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e kanalit nuk do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00ebse ka probleme n\u00eb nivelin fizik. Thjesht ka filluar t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e mundur t\u00eb b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb e mir\u00eb<\/i>.<\/li>\n
      3. Gati t\u00eb gjitha zgjidhjet n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 i marr\u00eb vendimet pik\u00eb-access. Si\u00e7 e shohim, ajo menaxhon aksesin e klient\u00ebve n\u00eb ambient, duke bashkuar s\u00eb bashku pajisjet n\u00eb \u201cperiudha\u201d t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme. Nd\u00ebrsa distancohemi pak, puna e TWT gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht mbi shpatullat e pik\u00ebs-access. Tani pika-access duhet jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb \u201ctransmetoj\u00eb rrjetin\u201d dhe t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb trafikun n\u00eb radh\u00eb, por gjithashtu t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb llogari t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb klient\u00ebve, duke planifikuar se si t'i bashkoj\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb ata me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kapaciteteve t\u00eb tyre dhe nevojave p\u00ebr trafik, baterive t\u00eb tyre dhe shum\u00eb e shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera - un\u00eb e quaj k\u00ebt\u00eb proces \u201corkestrim\u201d. Algoritmet sipas t\u00eb cil\u00ebve pika-access do t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto vendime nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb rregulluar, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se cil\u00ebsia reale dhe qasja strukturore e prodhuesve do t\u00eb shfaqet pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb zhvillimin e algoritmeve t\u00eb orkestrimit. Sa m\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb pikat nevojat e klient\u00ebve, aq m\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe nj\u00ebtrajtsh\u00ebm do t\u2019i bashkojn\u00eb ata n\u00eb grupe shum\u00ebprekuese - si p\u00ebrfundim, aq m\u00eb efikase do t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen burimet e eterit dhe aq m\u00eb e lart\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb kapaciteti p\u00ebrfundimtar i k\u00ebsaj pike-access. Algoritmi - fronti i fundit!<\/li>\n
      4. Kalimi nga Wi-Fi 5 n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 n\u00eb thelb \u00ebsht\u00eb revolucioni po aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm sa kalimi nga 802.11g n\u00eb 802.11n. At\u00ebher\u00eb mor\u00ebm shum\u00ebkanalshm\u00ebri dhe agregat t\u00eb 'ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb dobishme' \u2014 tani po marrim qasje t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme n\u00eb mjedis dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht MU-MIMO dhe Beamforming q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb (s\u00eb pari, si\u00e7 e dim\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse nj\u00ebsoj; s\u00eb dyti, debati 'pse MU-MIMO u krijua n\u00eb 802.11ac, por nuk arrit\u00ebn ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb' \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e nj\u00eb artikulli t\u00eb madh t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \ud83d\ude42 ). T\u00eb dyja 802.11n dhe Wi-Fi 6 funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja frekuencat (2.4 GHz dhe 5 GHz), ndryshe nga paraardh\u00ebsit 'p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebs' \u2014 me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, 'gjasht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kat\u00ebrja e re!'<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Pak fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij artikulli<\/b>
        \n Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb konkurs t\u00eb organizuar nga kompania Huawei (fillimisht \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar         k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>). N\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte, kam mb\u00ebshtetur shkrimin e tij n\u00eb referatin tim t\u00eb vet\u00eb n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn 'Pa tela', e cila u mbajt n\u00eb 2019 n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg (videoja e fjal\u00ebs mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00eb YouTube<\/a><\/noindex>, vet\u00ebm mos harroni \u2014 z\u00ebri atje, p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb i sinqert\u00eb, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i shk\u00eblqyer, pavar\u00ebsisht nga origjina e videos n\u00eb Petersburg!).
        \n
        Burimi:         habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u042d\u0439\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 Wi-Fi Alliance \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 Wi-Fi 6, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":84591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47M\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6. 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