{"id":85029,"date":"2020-06-12T13:43:50","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T11:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/glubokoe-pogruzhenie-v-princzipy-raboty-wi-fi-6-ofdma-i-mu-mimo"},"modified":"2020-06-12T13:43:50","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T11:43:50","slug":"glubokoe-pogruzhenie-v-princzipy-raboty-wi-fi-6-ofdma-i-mu-mimo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/glubokoe-pogruzhenie-v-princzipy-raboty-wi-fi-6-ofdma-i-mu-mimo","title":{"rendered":"Thellimi n\u00eb parimet e funksionimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi 6: OFDMA dhe MU-MIMO","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb zhvillimet e saj, Huawei vendos theksin te Wi-Fi 6. Pyetjet nga koleg\u00ebt dhe klient\u00ebt lidhur me gjenerat\u00ebn e re t\u00eb standardit na motivuan t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb postim mbi bazat teorike dhe parimet fizike t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb t\u00eb. Nga historia do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb te fizika, duke u thelluar n\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr teknologjit\u00eb OFDMA dhe MU-MIMO. Do t\u00eb diskutojm\u00eb gjithashtu se si mjedisi i ri i p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ka mund\u00ebsuar arritjen e nj\u00eb kapaciteti garantuar t\u00eb kanaleve dhe nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb vonesave, sa ato tani jan\u00eb t\u00eb krahasueshme me ato \"operatorike\". Dhe kjo ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur rrjetet moderne t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb 5G jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta (n\u00eb mesatarisht 20\u201330 her\u00eb) se rrjetet e ngjashme p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsi n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi me Wi-Fi 6.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nP\u00ebr Huawei, tema nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme: zgjidhjet me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Wi-Fi 6 jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr produktet tona m\u00eb revolucionare n\u00eb vitin 2020, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb investuar burime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Ja nj\u00eb shembull: studimet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e materialeve na lejuan t\u00eb zgjedhim nj\u00eb aleat\u00eb, p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb komponent\u00ebt radio t\u00eb pikave t\u00eb hyrjes rriti raportin \"sinjal - zhurm\u00eb\" me 2-3 dB: e heqim kapelen n\u00eb nder t\u00eb Doron Ezri p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arritje.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Pak histori<\/h2>\n

\nHistoria e Wi-Fi ka kuptim t\u00eb nis\u00eb nga viti 1971, kur n\u00eb Universitetin e Havajve profesori Norman Abramson me nj\u00eb grup koleg\u00ebsh zhvilloi, nd\u00ebrtuan dhe aktivizuan nj\u00eb rrjet wireless t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ALOHAnet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1980 u miratua nj\u00eb grup standardesh dhe protokollesh IEEE 802, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruanin organizimin e dy niveleve m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb modelit n\u00eb sete OSI. Kishim p\u00ebr t\u00eb pritur 17 vite t\u00eb gjata deri n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e versionit t\u00eb par\u00eb 802.11.<\/p>\n

Me miratimin n\u00eb vitin 1997 t\u00eb standardit 802.11, dy vite p\u00ebrpara shfaqjes s\u00eb organizat\u00ebs Wi-Fi Alliance, brezi i par\u00eb i teknologjis\u00eb m\u00eb popullore sot t\u00eb transferimit wireless t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hyri n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e madhe. <\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Standardi IEEE 802. Brezat e Wi-Fi<\/h2>\n

\nStandardi i par\u00eb q\u00eb u mb\u00ebshtet masivisht nga prodhuesit e pajisjeve ishte 802.11b. Si\u00e7 mund ta shihni, frekuenca e inovacioneve q\u00eb nga fundi i shekullit XX ka qen\u00eb mjaft e q\u00ebndrueshme: ndryshimet cil\u00ebsore k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb koh\u00eb. N\u00eb vitet e fundit, puna kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e mjedisit fizik t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb sinjaleve. P\u00ebr ta kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb problemin aktual t\u00eb Wi-Fi, le t\u00eb kthehemi tek bazat e tij fizike.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb bazat!<\/h2>\n

\nVal\u00ebt radio jan\u00eb nj\u00eb rast i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb i val\u00ebve elektromagnetike - q\u00eb p\u00ebrhapen nga burimi i t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb fushave elektrike dhe magnetike. Ato karakterizohen nga tre parametra kryesor\u00eb: vektori i val\u00ebs, si dhe vektor\u00ebt e intensitetit t\u00eb fush\u00ebs elektrike dhe magnetike. T\u00eb tre jan\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebnduar p\u00ebrkthyer midis tyre. Frekuenca e val\u00ebs zakonisht quhet numri i oscilimeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebriten brenda nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsie kohe.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto jan\u00eb fakte t\u00eb njohura. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur n\u00eb fund, duhet t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb nga fillimi.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nN\u00eb shkall\u00ebn hipotetike t\u00eb frekuencave t\u00eb rrezatimit elektromagnetik, spektri radio z\u00eb pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (frekuencat e ul\u00ebta). Ai p\u00ebrfshin val\u00ebt elektromagnetike me frekuenc\u00eb q\u00eb shkon nga 3 Hz deri n\u00eb 3000 GHz. T\u00eb gjitha spektrat e tjera, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb drit\u00ebn e dukshme, kan\u00eb frekuenca shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nSa m\u00eb e lart\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb frekuenca, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb energji mund t'i jepet val\u00ebs radio, megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ajo ndikon m\u00eb keq n\u00eb pengesa dhe zbehet m\u00eb shpejt. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlen edhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr. Duke marr\u00eb parasysh k\u00ebto karakteristika, p\u00ebr funksionimin e Wi-Fi jan\u00eb zgjedhur dy grupet kryesore t\u00eb frekuencave \u2014 2,4 GHz (banda e frekuencave nga 2,4000 deri n\u00eb 2,4835 GHz) dhe 5 GHz (bandat e frekuencave 5,170\u20145,330, 5,490\u20145,730 dhe 5,735\u20145,835 GHz).<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nVal\u00ebt radio p\u00ebrhapen n\u00eb \u00e7do drejtim, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb mesazhet t\u00eb mos ndikojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb efektit t\u00eb interferenc\u00ebs, banda e frekuenc\u00ebs zakonisht ndahet n\u00eb segmente t\u00eb ngushta t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta \u2014 kanale me nj\u00eb banda kaluese<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00eb diagramin e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm, duket se kanalet 1 dhe 2 q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht af\u00ebr me band\u00ebn kaluese 20 MHz do t\u00eb pengojn\u00eb nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa 1 dhe 6 \u2014 nuk do ta b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sinjali brenda kanalit d\u00ebrgohet me ndihm\u00ebn e val\u00ebve radio n\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar bart\u00ebse. P\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar informacionin, parametrat e val\u00ebs mund t\u00eb modifikohen<\/a><\/noindex> sip\u00ebr frekuenc\u00ebs, amplitud\u00ebs ose faz\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrprerja e kanaleve n\u00eb \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u00ebt frekuencave Wi-Fi<\/h2>\n

\nGama frekuenciale 2.4 GHz \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb 14 kanale q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrin pjes\u00ebrisht mbivendos\u00ebse me nj\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi optimale prej 20 MHz. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, kjo konsiderohej e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb komplikuar pa tel. S\u00eb shpejti u kuptua se kapasiteti i gam\u00ebs po shteronte me shpejt\u00ebsi, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb u shtua edhe gama 5 GHz, ku kapaciteti spektral \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kanaleve 20 megaherc, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb ndahen kanale me gjer\u00ebsi 40 dhe 80 MHz.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nP\u00ebr nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb efikasitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb spektrit frekuencial, aktualisht aplikohet gjer\u00ebsisht teknologjia e shum\u00ebfisheve me ndarjen ortogonale t\u00eb frekuencave (OFDM<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n

Kjo n\u00ebnkupton p\u00ebrdorimin e disa frekuencave mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse s\u00eb bashku me frekuenc\u00ebn kryesore n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin kanal, \u00e7ka lejon d\u00ebrgimin paralel t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. OFDM mund\u00ebson shp\u00ebrndarjen e trafikut n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme \u00abgranulare\u00bb, por p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb konsiderueshme, ruan disa disavantazhe t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Nd\u00ebr to jan\u00eb parimet e pun\u00ebs sipas protokollit rrjetor CSMA\/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance), sipas t\u00eb cilave n\u00eb momente t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb dhe n\u00ebnfrekuenc\u00eb mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Flukset hap\u00ebsinore<\/h2>\n

\nNj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur kapacitetin e rrjetit t\u00eb paqart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i flukseve hap\u00ebsinore.<\/p>\n

Pika e aksesit ka disa modul\u00eb radiok\u00ebshe (nj\u00eb, dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb), t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me disa antena. K\u00ebto antena d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb informacion sipas nj\u00eb skeme dhe moduli t\u00eb caktuar, dhe ne marrim informacionin e transmetuar p\u00ebrmes mjedisit pa tel. Nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb hap\u00ebsinore mund t\u00eb formohet midis nj\u00eb antene fizike t\u00eb caktuar (moduli radiok\u00ebshe) t\u00eb pik\u00ebs s\u00eb aksesit dhe pajisjes p\u00ebrdoruese. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, v\u00ebllimi total i informacionit t\u00eb transmetuar nga pika e aksesit rritet proporcionalisht me numrin e rrjedhave (antenave). <\/p>\n

Sipas standarteve aktuale, n\u00eb band\u00ebn 2.4 GHz mund t\u00eb realizohen deri n\u00eb kat\u00ebr rrjedha hap\u00ebsinore, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb band\u00ebn 5 GHz deri n\u00eb tet\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nM\u00eb par\u00eb, gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb frekuencat 2.4 dhe 5 GHz, ne orientoheshim vet\u00ebm n\u00eb numrin e modulave radio. Prania e nj\u00eb moduli t\u00eb dyt\u00eb radioj ofronte fleksibilitet shtes\u00eb, duke lejuar pajisjeve t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb funksiononin n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 2.4 GHz, nd\u00ebrsa ato t\u00eb reja n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 5 GHz. Me ardhjen e modulave t\u00eb tret\u00eb dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb, shfaqeshin disa probleme. Elementet emisive kan\u00eb tendenc\u00ebn t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb interferenca me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, duke rritur kostot e pajisjes p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr projektim m\u00eb t\u00eb kualifikuar dhe pajisjen e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes me filtre kompensuese. Prandaj, vet\u00ebm koh\u00ebt e fundit u b\u00eb e mundur mb\u00ebshtetjeja e nj\u00ebkohshme e 16 rrjedhave hap\u00ebsinore n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb qasje.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Shpejt\u00ebsia praktike dhe teorike<\/h2>\n

\nP\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mekanizmave t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb OFDM, ne nuk arrit\u00ebm t\u00eb merrnim kapacitetin maksimal t\u00eb rrjetit. Llogaritjet teorike p\u00ebr zbatimin praktik t\u00eb OFDM jan\u00eb kryer shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb lidhje me mjedise ideale, ku pritej nj\u00eb raport i k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm \"sinjal - zhurm\u00eb\" (SNR) dhe probabiliteti i gabimit n\u00eb bit (BER). N\u00eb kushtet aktuale t\u00eb zhurm\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha spektrat radiofrekuente q\u00eb na interesojn\u00eb, treguesit e kapacitetit t\u00eb rrjeteve t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb OFDM jan\u00eb alarmant\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Dhe protokolli deri koh\u00ebt e fundit vazhdoi t\u00eb mbante k\u00ebto mang\u00ebsi, derisa teknologjia OFDMA (accessi i shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb me divizim frekuencash ortogonale) i erdhi n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb. M\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr antenat<\/h2>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nSi\u00e7 e dini, \u00e7do anten\u00eb ka nj\u00eb faktor fitimi, mbi t\u00eb cilin formohet nj\u00eb model hap\u00ebsinor i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb sinjalit (beamforming) me nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe mbulimi t\u00eb caktuar (pa marr\u00eb parasysh reflektimet e sinjaleve etj.). Kjo ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb baza e arsyetimeve t\u00eb projektuesve p\u00ebr vendosjen e pikave t\u00eb aksesit. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, forma e modelit ka qen\u00eb e pandryshueshme dhe vet\u00ebm ka pasur rritje ose zvog\u00eblim n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjes\u00ebtim me karakteristikat e anten\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nElementet moderne t\u00eb antenave jan\u00eb duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb menaxhuesh\u00ebm dhe lejojn\u00eb ndryshimin dinamik t\u00eb modelit hap\u00ebsinor t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb sinjalit n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb an\u00ebn e majt\u00eb t\u00eb figur\u00ebs s\u00eb sip\u00ebrme, tregohet parimi i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb val\u00ebve radio gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb antene standarde t\u00eb gjith\u00ebdrejtuar. Duke rritur fuqin\u00eb e sinjalit, mund t\u00eb ndryshonim vet\u00ebm rrezen e mb coverageetjes pa pasur mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb kanalit \u2014 KQI (Shqyrtimi Kryesor i Cil\u00ebsis\u00eb). Ky tregues \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr organizimin e komunikimit n\u00eb kushte l\u00ebvizjeje t\u00eb shpesht\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb aboneve n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis pa tel.<\/p>\n

Zgjidhja e problemit ishte p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh antenash t\u00eb vogla, ngarkes\u00ebn e t\u00eb cilave mund ta rregullojm\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale, duke formuar modele shp\u00ebrndarjeje sipas pozicionit hap\u00ebsinor t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit. <\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nK\u00ebshtu, arrit\u00ebm t\u00eb afroheshim ngusht n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e teknologjis\u00eb MU-MIMO (Input\/Output i Shum\u00eb P\u00ebrdoruesve). Me ndihm\u00ebn e saj, pika e aksesit formon n\u00eb \u00e7do moment rrymat e emetimit, t\u00eb drejtuara sakt\u00ebsisht drejt pajisjeve t\u00eb aboneve.<\/p>\n

Nga fizika n\u00eb standartet 802.11<\/h2>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nMe koh\u00ebzgjatjesh e zhvillimit t\u00eb standardeve Wi-Fi, parimet e pun\u00ebs me shtres\u00ebn fizike t\u00eb rrjetit kan\u00eb ndryshuar. P\u00ebrdorimi i mekanizmave t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb modulacionit ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb mundur q\u00eb, duke filluar nga versionet 802.11g\/n, t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbahen m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion n\u00eb nj\u00eb slot kohe dhe, p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur edhe p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb rrjedhave hap\u00ebsinore. Dhe fleksibiliteti i ri n\u00eb lidhje me gjer\u00ebsin\u00eb e kanalit ka lejuar formimin e m\u00eb shum\u00eb burimeve p\u00ebr MIMO.<\/p>\n

Viti i ardhsh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00ea parashikuar q\u00eb t\u00eb miratoj\u00eb standardin Wi-Fi 7. \u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb me ardhjen e tij? P\u00ebrve\u00e7 rritjes s\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe shtimit t\u00eb gam\u00ebs prej 6 GHz, do t\u00eb krijohet mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me kanale t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb agreguara, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb 320 MHz. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht interesante n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikimeve industriale.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Kapaciteti teoretik i kalimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi 6<\/h2>\n

\nFormula teoretike p\u00ebr llogaritjen e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb nominale t\u00eb pun\u00ebs Wi-Fi 6 \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e nd\u00ebrlikuar dhe varet nga shum\u00eb parametra, duke filluar nga numri i rrjedhave hap\u00ebsinore deri te informacioni q\u00eb mund t\u00eb vendosim n\u00eb n\u00ebnmbart\u00ebs (ose n\u00ebnmbart\u00ebse, n\u00ebse ka disa) n\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kohe.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 e shihni, rrjedhat hap\u00ebsinore ndikojn\u00eb shum\u00eb. Madje, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb rritja e numrit t\u00eb tyre s\u00eb bashku me p\u00ebrdorimin e STC (Kodimi Hap\u00ebsin\u00eb-Koh\u00eb) dhe MRC (Kombinimi i Marrjes Maksimale) ka ndihmuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjidhjeve pa tel n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Teknologjit\u00eb e reja kryesore t\u00eb nivelit fizik<\/h2>\n

\nLe t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb nivelit fizik \u2014 dhe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me nivelin e par\u00eb t\u00eb modelit OSI t\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nKujtojm\u00eb se n\u00eb OFDM p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i caktuar n\u00ebnmbart\u00ebsish, t\u00eb cilat, pa ndikuar nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn, jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb transmetojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi informacioni. <\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nN\u00eb shembullin ton\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim gam\u00ebn 5,220 GHz, e cila p\u00ebrmban 48 n\u00ebnkanale. Duke agreguar k\u00ebt\u00eb kanal, do t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00ebnmbart\u00ebsish, p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn prej t\u00eb cilave aplikohet nj\u00eb skem\u00eb modulasioni e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nWi-Fi 5 p\u00ebrdor modulimin e amplitud\u00ebs katrore 256 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), i cili lejon formimin n\u00eb kuadrin e frekuenc\u00ebs mbajt\u00ebse n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohe t\u00eb nj\u00eb fushe 16 x 16 pikash, t\u00eb dallueshme sipas amplitud\u00ebs dhe faz\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb \u00e7do moment t\u00eb caktuar, vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb stacion mund t\u00eb transmetoj\u00eb mbi frekuenc\u00ebn mbajt\u00ebse.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nMulltipleximi me ndarjen orthogonale t\u00eb frekuencave (OFDMA) ka ardhur nga bota e operator\u00ebve t\u00eb telefonis\u00eb celulare, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me LTE dhe p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr organizimin e lidhjes s\u00eb poshtme (kanali i komunikimit me abonentin). Ai lejon punimin me kanalin n\u00eb nivelin e nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb quajtura t\u00eb till\u00eb. K\u00ebto nj\u00ebsi ndihmojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndajn\u00eb bllokun n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar komponent\u00ebsh. N\u00eb kuadrin e bllokut, ne mund t\u00eb mos punojm\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do moment vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb element transmetues (p\u00ebrdorues ose pik\u00eb qasje), por t\u00eb kombinojm\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra element\u00eb. Kjo lejon arritjen e rezultateve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\n\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Lidhja e thjesht\u00eb e kanaleve n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6<\/h2>\n

\nBashkimi i kanaleve (Channel Bonding) n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6 lejon kombinimin e kanaleve t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb nga 20 deri n\u00eb 160 MHz. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr e kombinimit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht nga frekuenca t\u00eb af\u00ebrta. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb bllok mund t\u00eb merret nga frekuenca 5,17 GHz, nd\u00ebrsa tjetri nga frekuenca 5,135 GHz. Kjo lejon nd\u00ebrtimin fleksib\u00ebl t\u00eb mjedisit radio edhe n\u00eb prPresence t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb fort\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyr\u00ebs ose af\u00ebr stacioneve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb emitojn\u00eb vazhdimisht.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Nga SIMO n\u00eb MIMO<\/h2>\n

\nMetoda MIMO nuk ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb me ne. Nj\u00ebher\u00eb, lidhja mobile ishte e detyruar t\u00eb kufizohej n\u00eb modin SIMO, i cili parashtroi se stacioni i abonentit kishte disa antenna q\u00eb punonin s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb informacion. <\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nMU-MIMO \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar informacionin te p\u00ebrdoruesit, duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fondin aktual t\u00eb antenna. Kjo heq kufizimet e vendosura nga protokolli CSMA\/CA, t\u00eb lidhura me d\u00ebrgimin e token\u00ebve p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgesat n\u00eb pajisjet e abonent\u00ebve. Tani p\u00ebrdoruesit grupohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb grup dhe \u00e7do an\u00ebtar i grupit merr pjes\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb fondit t\u00eb antenna t\u00eb pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb pres\u00eb radh\u00ebn e tij.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Formimi i radios<\/h2>\n

\nNj\u00eb rregull i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr funksionimin e MU-MIMO \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb punimi t\u00eb fondit antenor q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb shkaktonte mbivendosjen e val\u00ebve radio dhe humbjen e informacionit p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shtimit t\u00eb fazave.<\/p>\n

Kjo k\u00ebrkon llogaritje matematikore komplekse n\u00eb an\u00ebn e pik\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes. N\u00ebse terminali mb\u00ebshtet k\u00ebt\u00eb funksion, MU-MIMO i lejon atij t\u00eb komunikoj\u00eb me pik\u00ebn e qasjes p\u00ebr vones\u00ebn me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn merr sinjalin n\u00eb \u00e7do anten\u00eb specifike. Pika e qasjes, nga ana e saj, rregullon antenat e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb rreze t\u00eb drejtuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb optimale.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb na sjell kjo n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi?<\/h2>\n

\nMe rrethana t\u00eb bardha me numra n\u00eb tabel\u00eb jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar skenar\u00ebt aktual\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi t\u00eb brezave t\u00eb kaluar. Rrethat blu (shih illustracionin m\u00eb sip\u00ebr) p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e Wi-Fi 6, nd\u00ebrsa rrethat gri jan\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e af\u00ebrt t\u00eb ardhmes.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfitimet kryesore q\u00eb sjellin zgjidhjet e reja me mb\u00ebshtetje OFDMA lidhen me nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e burimeve t\u00eb implementuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me TDM (Multipleximi me Nd\u00ebrprerje t\u00eb Koh\u00ebs). Kjo nuk ka ekzistuar m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Wi-Fi. Kjo lejon nj\u00eb kontroll t\u00eb qart\u00eb mbi brezin e dedikuar, duke siguruar koh\u00eb t\u00eb minimizuar t\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb sinjalit p\u00ebrmes mjedisit dhe nivelin e k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb. Fatmir\u00ebsisht, askush nuk dyshon se treguesit e besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Wi-Fi-duhen p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar.<\/p>\n

Historia l\u00ebviz n\u00eb spirale, dhe situata aktuale \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me at\u00eb q\u00eb ndodhi dikur me Ethernet. At\u00ebher\u00eb u krijua mendimi se mjedisi i transmetimit CSMA\/CD (Qasja e Ndjeshme ndaj Ndarjes me Zbulim t\u00eb Kollizionit) nuk siguronte asnj\u00eb kapacitet t\u00eb garantuar. K\u00ebshtu ka vazhduar deri n\u00eb kalimin n\u00eb IEEE 802.3z.<\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket modeleve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb aplikimit, si\u00e7 e shihni, me \u00e7do brez t\u00eb ri Wi-Fi, skenar\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdorimit shumohen, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj vonesave, p\u00ebrgjithshme jitter<\/a><\/noindex> dhe besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrs\u00ebri p\u00ebr mjedisin fizik<\/h2>\n

\nTani ke t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr at\u00eb se si formohet mjedisi fizik i ri. N\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e CSMA\/CA dhe OFDM, rritja e numrit t\u00eb pikave aktive (Active STA) shkaktonte nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb konsiderueshme n\u00eb kapacitetin e kanalit prej 20 megaherce. Kjo lidhej me teknologjit\u00eb jo aq t\u00eb reja STC (Kodimi Hap-Sht\u00ebpi) dhe MRC (Kombinimi i Marrjes me Marrje Maksimale).<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nOFDMA, fal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebj\u00ebsve t\u00eb burimeve, mund t\u00eb komunikoj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive me stacione t\u00eb larg\u00ebta dhe me energji t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Ne kemi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb punojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb shkallore me p\u00ebrdorues q\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb sasi t\u00eb ndryshme burimesh. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues mund t\u00eb z\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb z\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb tjerat.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n<\/p>\n

Pse nuk kishte OFDMA m\u00eb par\u00eb?<\/h2>\n

\nDhe p\u00ebrfundimisht, pyetja kryesore: pse nuk kishte OFDMA m\u00eb par\u00eb? Si\u00e7 duket, gjith\u00e7ka varet nga parat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ka long konsiderohej se \u00e7mimi i modulit Wi-Fi duhet t\u00eb ishte minimal. Kur u lancua protokolli n\u00eb operacionin komercial n\u00eb vitin 1997, u vendos q\u00eb kostoja e prodhimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb moduli t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb kalonte $1. Si rezultat, zhvillimi i teknologjis\u00eb shkoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb jo optimale. K\u00ebtu nuk e marrim parasysh LTE operator, ku OFDMA \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, grupi i pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr Wi-Fi vendosi t\u00eb marr\u00eb k\u00ebto zhvillime nga bota e operator\u00ebve t\u00eb komunikimeve dhe t'i transferoj\u00eb ato n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e rrjeteve t\u00eb korporatave. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor ishte kalimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e elementeve m\u00eb cil\u00ebsore, si filtrat dhe oscilator\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nPse na ishte kaq e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb punonim me kodet e vjetra MRC me interferenc\u00eb ose pa t\u00eb? Sepse mekanizmi i formimit t\u00eb gjurm\u00ebve MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortionless Response) rritte ndjesh\u00ebm numrin e gabimeve, sa her\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeshim t\u00eb kombinonim nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh pikash transmetuese. OFDMA d\u00ebshmoi se problemi ishte i zgjidhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nLuftimi i interferenc\u00ebs tani \u00ebsht\u00eb i bazuar n\u00eb matematik\u00eb. N\u00ebse dritarja e transmetimit t\u00eb informacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e gjat\u00eb, interferenca dinamike q\u00eb ndodh sjell probleme. Algoritmet e reja lejojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shmangie nga kostoja e interferenc\u00ebs, duke p\u00ebrjashtuar ndikimin jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb interferenc\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes Wi-Fi, por edhe \u00e7do zhurm\u00eb tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb ndodh n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gam\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Thellimi
\n
\nFal\u00eb luft\u00ebs adaptuese ndaj interferenc\u00ebs, ne mund t\u00eb fitojm\u00eb deri n\u00eb 11 dB edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ndryshuesh\u00ebm. P\u00ebrdorimi i zgjidhjeve algoritmike t\u00eb Huawei ka mund\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb optimizim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm atje ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme \u2013 n\u00eb zgjidhjet n\u00eb ambiente t\u00eb mbyllura. Ajo q\u00eb funksionon mir\u00eb n\u00eb 5G nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr mjedisin Wi-Fi 6. Qasjet Massive MIMO dhe MU-MIMO ndryshojn\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjidhjet p\u00ebr brenda dhe jasht\u00eb. Aty ku \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren zgjidhje t\u00eb shtrenjta, si n\u00eb 5G. Por jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme edhe mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb tjera, si Wi-Fi 6, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb vonesa dhe tjer\u00eb tregues, t\u00eb cilat ne jemi m\u00ebsuar t'i presim nga operator\u00ebt e telekomunikacionit.<\/p>\n

Ne marrim nga ata mjetet q\u00eb do t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr ne si konsumator\u00eb korporativ\u00eb, dhe gjith\u00e7ka k\u00ebt\u00eb e b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb ambient fizik n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetemi.<\/p>\n

***<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb mes t\u00eb gjitha, mos harroni p\u00ebr webinar\u00ebt tan\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb mbi novacionet e Huawei 2020, t\u00eb cilat organizohen jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb segmentin rusishtfol\u00ebs, por edhe n\u00eb nivel global. Lista e webinar\u00ebve p\u00ebr jav\u00ebt e ardhshme \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme n\u00eb lidhjes<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 Huawei \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 Wi-Fi 6. \u0418 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0451\u043c \u043a \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 OFDMA \u0438 MU-MIMO. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":85030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Zhvillim i thell\u00eb n\u00eb parimet e funksionimit t\u00eb Wi-Fi 6: OFDMA dhe MU-MIMO | ProHoster","description":"N\u00eb zhvillimet e tij, Huawei fokusohet n\u00eb Wi-Fi 6. Dhe pyetjet nga koleg\u00ebt dhe klient\u00ebt mbi brezin e ri t\u00eb standardit na nxit\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb shkruajm\u00eb nj\u00eb postim mbi bazat teorike dhe parimet fizike q\u00eb ai p\u00ebrfshin. Duke kaluar nga historia te fizika, do t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb n\u00eb detaje pse teknologjit\u00eb OFDMA dhe MU-MIMO jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme. Do t\u00eb flasim edhe p\u00ebr at\u00eb se si \u00ebsht\u00eb rip\u00ebrpunuar thell\u00ebsisht","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/glubokoe-pogruzhenie-v-princzipy-raboty-wi-fi-6-ofdma-i-mu-mimo","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0413\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Wi-Fi 6: OFDMA \u0438 MU-MIMO | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 Huawei \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 Wi-Fi 6. \u0418 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0451\u043c \u043a \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u043c\u0441\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 OFDMA \u0438 MU-MIMO. \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/glubokoe-pogruzhenie-v-princzipy-raboty-wi-fi-6-ofdma-i-mu-mimo","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-06-12T11:43:50+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-06-12T11:43:50+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"85029","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 14:45:39","updated":"2022-09-29 16:26:00"},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85029\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}