{"id":86642,"date":"2020-06-27T19:42:50","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T17:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2020-06-27T19:42:50","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T17:42:50","slug":"vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i modulit LKRG 0.8 p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga shfryt\u00ebzimi i dob\u00ebsive n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Projekti Openwall <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lists\/announce\/2020\/06\/25\/1\">publikoi<\/a><\/noindex> l\u00ebshimi i modulit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lkrg\/\">LKRG 0.8<\/a><\/noindex>  (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard), i krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar dhe bllokuar sulmet dhe shkeljet e integritetit t\u00eb strukturave t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. P\u00ebr shembull, moduli mund t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb nga ndryshimet e paautorizuara n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar privilegjet e proceseve p\u00ebrdoruesish (p\u00ebrcaktimi i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb eksploiteve). Moduli \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm si p\u00ebr organizimin e mbrojtjes nga eksploitet e njohura p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux (p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb situatat kur \u00ebsht\u00eb problematike t\u00eb azhurnohet b\u00ebrthama n\u00eb sistem), ashtu edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar eksploitet p\u00ebr dob\u00ebsit\u00eb e panjohura. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/Adam_pi3\/lkrg-main\/src\/master\/\">shp\u00ebrndahet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me licenc\u00ebn GPLv2.<\/p>\n<p>Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet n\u00eb versionin e ri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Pozicionimi i projektit LKRG \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar, i cili tani nuk ndahet n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sisteme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit dhe p\u00ebrcaktimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb eksploiteve, por paraqitet si nj\u00eb produkt i plot\u00eb p\u00ebr identifikimin e sulmeve dhe shkeljeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb integritetit;\n<li class=\"l\">  Siguruar p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria me b\u00ebrthamat Linux nga 5.3 deri n\u00eb 5.7, si dhe me b\u00ebrthamat e nd\u00ebrtuara me optimizime agresive GCC, pa opsionet CONFIG_USB dhe CONFIG_STACKTRACE ose me opsionin CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC, si dhe me b\u00ebrthamat ku mungojn\u00eb funksionet LKRG q\u00eb kapen, n\u00ebse pa to mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet;\n<li class=\"l\">  Gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar kontrolli i disa konfigurimeve t\u00eb detyrueshme t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs CONFIG_* p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar mesazhe kuptimplota t\u00eb gabimeve n\u00eb vend t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve t\u00eb paqarta;\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modet e pritjes (ACPI S3, suspend to RAM) dhe gjumin (S4, suspend to disk);\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb Makefile p\u00ebr DKMS;\n<li class=\"l\">  Implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje eksperimentale p\u00ebr platforma 32-bit ARM (testuar n\u00eb Raspberry Pi 3 Model B). Mb\u00ebshtetje e m\u00ebparshme p\u00ebr AArch64 (ARM64) \u00ebsht\u00eb ndihmuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb me bordin Raspberry Pi 4;\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtohen menaxher\u00ebt e rinj (hook), p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb menaxherin e thirrjes capable() p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktim m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb eksploit\u00ebve q\u00eb manipulojn\u00eb &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/capabilities.7.html\">capabilities<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, dhe jo identifikuesve t\u00eb proceseve (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/credentials.7.html\">credentials<\/a><\/noindex>);\n<li class=\"l\">  Propozuar nj\u00eb logjik\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga kufijt\u00eb e hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb emrave (p\u00ebr shembull, nga kontejner\u00ebt Docker);\n<li class=\"l\">  N\u00eb sistemet x86-64, siguruar verifikimi dhe zbatimi i bitit SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention), i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb menduar p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar qasjen n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit nga kodi privilegjuar q\u00eb ekzekutohet n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Mbrojtja SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar m\u00eb par\u00eb;\n<li class=\"l\">  Gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar vendosja e konfigurimeve t\u00eb LKRG n\u00eb faqen e memories, e cila zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e qasshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim;\n<li class=\"l\">  \u00c7do informacion logarit\u00ebsh q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr sulmet (p.sh., informacion mbi adresat n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb) \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga m\u00ebnyra e debugimit (log_level=4 dhe m\u00eb lart), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e \u00e7aktivizuar si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb parazgjedhur.\n<li class=\"l\">  Ka rritur shkall\u00ebzimin e databaz\u00ebs p\u00ebr ndjekjen e proceseve &#8212; n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb peme RB, e cila mbrohet nga nj\u00eb spinlock, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb hashi me 512 pem\u00eb RB, t\u00eb mbrojtura p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht nga 512 bllokime leximi-shkrimi;\n<li class=\"l\">  \u00cbsht\u00eb zbatuar dhe aktivizuar si parazgjedhje nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb verifikimi i integritetit t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb proceseve shpesh kryhet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn aktuale, si dhe opcionalisht p\u00ebr detyrat e disa aktivizuar (t\u00eb zgjuar). P\u00ebr detyrat e tjera, q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje gjumi ose q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa u referuar ndonj\u00eb kontrolli n\u00eb API-n\u00eb LKRG t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, verifikimi kryhet m\u00eb rrall\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtohen sysctl t\u00eb rinj dhe parametra moduli p\u00ebr rregullimin e LKRG, si dhe dy sysctl p\u00ebr thjeshtimin e konfigurot p\u00ebrmes zgjedhjes nga sete t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura rreth rregullimeve t\u00eb im\u00ebta (profiles);\n<li class=\"l\">  Rregullat e parazgjedhura jan\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb balancim m\u00eb t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm midis shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb identifikimit t\u00eb shkeljeve dhe efikasitetit t\u00eb reagimit nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe ndikimit n\u00eb performanc\u00eb dhe rrezikut t\u00eb goditjeve false nga ana tjet\u00ebr;\n<li class=\"l\">  Skedari unit i systemd \u00ebsht\u00eb ripar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngarkuar modulin LKRG n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb ngarkimit (p\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin e modulit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb komandeve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs);\n<\/ul>\n<p>Duke marr\u00eb parasysh optimizimet e propozuara n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version t\u00eb ri, r\u00ebnia e performanc\u00ebs kur p\u00ebrdoret LKRG 0.8 vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb nivelin 2.5% n\u00eb modalitetin e paracaktuar (&#171;heavy&#187;) dhe 2% n\u00eb modalitetin e leht\u00ebsuar (&#171;light&#187;). <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb hetim t\u00eb fundit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/jultika.oulu.fi\/files\/nbnfioulu-202004201485.pdf\">studim<\/a><\/noindex> efikasiteti i pakove p\u00ebr identifikimin e rrotk\u00ebve LKRG  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lists\/lkrg-users\/2020\/06\/14\/5\">tregoi<\/a><\/noindex> rezultate m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, pa goditje false, duke identifikuar 8 nga 9 rrotka t\u00eb testuara q\u00eb punonin n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (u identifikuan rrotkat Diamorphine, Honey Pot Bears, LilyOfTheValley, Nuk3 Gh0st, Puszek, Reptile, Rootfoo Linux Rootkit dhe Sutekh, por u kalua Keysniffer, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb modul b\u00ebrthamor me keylogger, e jo nj\u00eb rrotk\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb). P\u00ebr krahasim, paketat AIDE, OSSEC dhe Rootkit Hunter identifikuan 2 rrotka nga 9, nd\u00ebrsa Chkrootkit nuk identifikoi asnj\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, LKRG nuk mb\u00ebshtet identifikimin e rrotk\u00ebve q\u00eb vendosen n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, prandaj efikasiteti m\u00eb i lart\u00eb arrihet kur p\u00ebrdoret kombinimi AIDE dhe LKRG, i cili identifikoi 14 nga 15 rrotkat e t\u00eb gjitha llojeve.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shtes\u00eb, mund t\u00eb theksohet se zhvilluesi i shp\u00ebrndarjes <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51009\">Whonix<\/a><\/noindex> filloi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whonix.org\/wiki\/Linux_Kernel_Runtime_Guard_LKRG\">formimi<\/a><\/noindex> ofron paketa t\u00eb gatshme me DKMS p\u00ebr Debian, Whonix, Qubes dhe Kicksecure, nd\u00ebrsa paketa p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/aur.archlinux.org\/packages\/lkrg-dkms\/\">Arch Linux<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 0.8. Paketa me LKRG gjithashtu jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb Rusia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/packages.altlinux.org\/ru\/sisyphus\/srpms\/kernel-source-lkrg\">ALT Linux<\/a><\/noindex> dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52955\">Astra Linux<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrolli i integritetit n\u00eb LKRG b\u00ebhet mbi baz\u00ebn e krahasimit t\u00eb kodit dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave aktuale t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe moduleve, disa strukturave t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb CPU me hash ose kopje t\u00eb ruajtura t\u00eb fushave p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb memories, strukturave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose regjistrave. Kontrollimet aktivizohen si n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb periodike me nj\u00eb orar, ashtu edhe kur ndodhin ngjarje t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n<p>Identifikimi i mundsh\u00ebm i shfryt\u00ebzimeve dhe bllokimi i sulmeve b\u00ebhet n\u00eb faz\u00ebn para se b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb akses n\u00eb burimet (p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrpara hapjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb skedari), por pas marrjes s\u00eb autorizimeve t\u00eb papranueshme nga procesi (p\u00ebr shembull, ndryshimi i UID). Kur identifikohet nj\u00eb sjellje e paautorizuar e proceseve, ato p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb automatikisht, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar shum\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzime.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53244\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Openwall \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 LKRG 0.8 (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432). \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Openwall \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux\" 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