{"id":86642,"date":"2020-06-27T19:42:50","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T17:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2020-06-27T19:42:50","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T17:42:50","slug":"vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vypusk-modulya-lkrg-0-8-dlya-zashhity-ot-ekspluataczii-uyazvimostej-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i modulit LKRG 0.8 p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga shfryt\u00ebzimi i dob\u00ebsive n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Projekti Openwall <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lists\/announce\/2020\/06\/25\/1\">publikoi<\/a><\/noindex> publikimi i modulit t\u00eb kernel-it <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lkrg\/\">LKRG 0.8<\/a><\/noindex>  (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard), i destinuar p\u00ebr zbuluar dhe bllokuar sulmet dhe shkeljet e integritetit t\u00eb strukturave t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. P\u00ebr shembull, moduli mund t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb nga ndryshimet e paautorizuara n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn q\u00eb funksionon dhe p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar autorizimet e proceseve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit (identifikimi i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb eksploit\u00ebve). Moduli \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm si p\u00ebr organizimin e mbrojtjes nga eksploit\u00ebt tashm\u00eb t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux (p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb situatat kur n\u00eb sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb problematike t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet b\u00ebrthama), ashtu si dhe p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrballur me eksploit\u00ebt p\u00ebr dob\u00ebsi ende t\u00eb panjohura. Kod i projektit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitbucket.org\/Adam_pi3\/lkrg-main\/src\/master\/\">distribuohet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn GPLv2.<\/p>\n<p>Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet n\u00eb versionin e ri:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Pozicionimi i projektit LKRG \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar, tani ai nuk ndahet n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sisteme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr kontrollin e integritetit dhe identifikimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb eksploit\u00ebve, por prezantohet si nj\u00eb produkt i integruar p\u00ebr identifikimin e sulmeve dhe shkeljeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb integritetit;\n<li class=\"l\">  Sigurohet p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria me b\u00ebrthama Linux nga 5.3 n\u00eb 5.7, si dhe me b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara me optimizime agresive GCC, pa opsionet CONFIG_USB dhe CONFIG_STACKTRACE ose me opsionin CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC, si dhe me b\u00ebrthama, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mungojn\u00eb funksionet e LKRG q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kapen, n\u00ebse pa to mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet;\n<li class=\"l\">  Gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, sigurohet kontrolli i disa cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb detyrueshme t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs CONFIG_* p\u00ebr formimin e mesazheve t\u00eb kuptueshme p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn n\u00eb vend t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve t\u00eb paqarta;\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modalitete t\u00eb pritur (ACPI S3, suspend to RAM) dhe gjumin (S4, suspend to disk);\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje n\u00eb Makefile p\u00ebr DKMS;\n<li class=\"l\">  Implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje eksperimentale p\u00ebr platformat 32-bit ARM (testuar n\u00eb Raspberry Pi 3 Model B). Mb\u00ebshtetja e m\u00ebparshme AArch64 (ARM64) \u00ebsht\u00eb kompletuar me ofrimin e p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me pllak\u00ebn Raspberry Pi 4;\n<li class=\"l\">  \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 (hook), \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 capable() \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/capabilities.7.html\">capabilities<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/credentials.7.html\">credentials<\/a><\/noindex>);\n<li class=\"l\">  Propozuar nj\u00eb logjik\u00eb t\u00eb re p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga kufizimet e hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb emrave (p\u00ebr shembull, nga kontejner\u00ebt Docker);\n<li class=\"l\">  N\u00eb sistemet x86-64, sigurohet kontrolli dhe aplikimi i bitit SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention), i destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar qasjen n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit nga kodi me privilegje q\u00eb ekzekutohet n\u00eb nivel b\u00ebrthame. Mbrojtja SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar m\u00eb her\u00ebt;\n<li class=\"l\">  Gjat\u00eb funksionimit, sigurohet vendosja e cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb LKRG n\u00eb faqen e memorie, q\u00eb zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim;\n<li class=\"l\">  Shkarkimi n\u00eb log t\u00eb informacionit q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr sulmet (p\u00ebr shembull, informacione mbi adresat n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb), kufizohet n\u00eb modalitetin e marketingut (log_level=4 dhe m\u00eb lart), i \u00e7aktivizuar nga e drejta e par\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\">  \u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0411\u0414 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 RB, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c spinlock, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u044d\u0448 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0437 512 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 RB, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 512 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438;\n<li class=\"l\">  Implementuar dhe aktivizuar si parazgjedhje nj\u00eb modalitet, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin kontrolli i integritetit t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb procesit b\u00ebhet shpesh vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn aktuale, si dhe opsional p\u00ebr detyrat q\u00eb aktivizohen (zbresin). P\u00ebr detyrat e tjera, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje gjumi ose q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa nd\u00ebrhyrje nga API e kontrolluar n\u00eb LKRG t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, kontrolli b\u00ebhet m\u00eb pak shpesh.\n<li class=\"l\">  Shtuar sysctl dhe parametra t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb modulit p\u00ebr rregullimin e holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb LKRG, si dhe dy sysctl p\u00ebr leht\u00ebsimin e rregullimit p\u00ebrmes zgjedhjes nga grupe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb holl\u00ebsishme (profiles);\n<li class=\"l\">  Cil\u00ebsimet e parazgjedhura jan\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm nd\u00ebrmjet shp\u00ebrthimit n\u00eb identifikimin e shkeljeve dhe efikasiteti i reagimit nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe ndikimi n\u00eb performanc\u00eb dhe rreziku i alarmave t\u00eb rreme nga ana tjet\u00ebr;\n<li class=\"l\">  Skedari unit i systemd \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr ngarkimin e modulit LKRG n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb hershme ngarkimi (p\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin e modulit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb parametr n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs);\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 LKRG 0.8 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 2.5% \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (&#171;heavy&#187;) \u0438 2% \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 (&#171;light&#187;). <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb fundit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/jultika.oulu.fi\/files\/nbnfioulu-202004201485.pdf\">studim<\/a><\/noindex> efektivitetit t\u00eb paketave p\u00ebr identifikimin e rrootkit-eve LKRG  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openwall.com\/lists\/lkrg-users\/2020\/06\/14\/5\">tregoi<\/a><\/noindex> rezultatet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, pa alarmet e rreme, identifikuan 8 nga 9 rrootkit-e t\u00eb testuar q\u00eb punonin n\u00eb nivel b\u00ebrthame (u identifikuan rrootkit-e si Diamorphine, Honey Pot Bears, LilyOfTheValley, Nuk3 Gh0st, Puszek, Reptile, Rootfoo Linux Rootkit dhe Sutekh, por u kalua Keysniffer q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb modul b\u00ebrthame me k\u00ebll\u00ebf dhe jo nj\u00eb rrootkit n\u00eb kuptimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb). P\u00ebr krahasim, paketat AIDE, OSSEC dhe Rootkit Hunter identifikuan 2 rrootkit-e nga 9, nd\u00ebrsa Chkrootkit nuk identifikoi asnj\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, LKRG nuk mb\u00ebshtet identifikimin e rrootkit-eve q\u00eb jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb efikasiteti m\u00eb i madh arrihet duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb kombinim t\u00eb AIDE dhe LKRG, i cili lejon identifikimin e 14 nga 15 rrootkit-eve t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha llojeve.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb theksohet se zhvilluesi i distribucionit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51009\">Whonix<\/a><\/noindex> fillova <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whonix.org\/wiki\/Linux_Kernel_Runtime_Guard_LKRG\">formimi<\/a><\/noindex> paketesh t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm me DKMS p\u00ebr Debian, Whonix, Qubes dhe Kicksecure, dhe paketa p\u00ebr <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/aur.archlinux.org\/packages\/lkrg-dkms\/\">Arch Linux<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 0.8. Paketat me LKRG gjithashtu jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb rusisht <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/packages.altlinux.org\/ru\/sisyphus\/srpms\/kernel-source-lkrg\">ALT Linux<\/a><\/noindex> dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52955\">Astra Linux<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrolli i integritetit n\u00eb LKRG b\u00ebhet duke krahasuar kodin dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat aktuale t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe moduleve, disa struktura t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe konfigurimeve t\u00eb CPU me hash-et e ruajtura ose kopjet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb memories, strukturave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ose regjistrave. Kontrollimet aktivizohen si periodikisht nga nj\u00eb timer, ashtu edhe gjat\u00eb ngjarjeve t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrcaktimi i mund\u00ebsive p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e exploiteve dhe bllokimi i sulmeve b\u00ebhet n\u00eb faz\u00ebn para se b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb akses n\u00eb burimet (p.sh., para hapjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb skedari), por pas marrjes s\u00eb autorizimeve t\u00eb paautorizuara nga procesi (p.sh., ndryshimi i UID). Kur e gjen sjelljen e paautorizuar t\u00eb proceseve, p\u00ebr default, ato p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar shum\u00eb exploite.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53244\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Openwall \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 LKRG 0.8 (Linux Kernel Runtime Guard), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432). \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 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