{"id":87903,"date":"2020-07-11T01:43:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-10T23:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-p2p-platformy-gnunet-0-13-prodvizhenie-gns-v-kachestve-internet-standarta"},"modified":"2020-07-11T01:43:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T23:43:00","slug":"vypusk-p2p-platformy-gnunet-0-13-prodvizhenie-gns-v-kachestve-internet-standarta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vypusk-p2p-platformy-gnunet-0-13-prodvizhenie-gns-v-kachestve-internet-standarta","title":{"rendered":"Publikimi i platform\u00ebs P2P GNUnet 0.13. Promovimi i GNS si nj\u00eb standard interneti","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Komiteti IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), q\u00eb merret me zhvillimin e protokolleve dhe arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb Internetit, ka filluar procesin e standardizimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domain-it GNS (GNU Name System), i zhvilluar nga projekti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gnunet.org\">GNUnet<\/a><\/noindex> si nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb decentralizuar dhe t\u00eb pa censure p\u00ebr DNS. Momentalisht <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/id\/draft-schanzen-gns-01.html\">u publikua<\/a><\/noindex> versioni e par\u00eb e nj\u00eb standardi, pas stabilizimit t\u00eb cilit do t\u00eb formohet RFC, i cili ka statusin &#171;Standard i Sugjeruar&#187;.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gnunet.org\/en\/gns.html\">GNS<\/a><\/noindex> mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret paralelisht me DNS dhe t\u00eb aplikohet n\u00eb aplikacione tradicionale, si shfletuesit web. Integriteti dhe pandryshueshm\u00ebria e regjistrave sigurohen p\u00ebrmes mekanizmave kriptografik\u00eb. Ndryshe nga DNS, n\u00eb GNS p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb grafik i orientuar n\u00eb vend t\u00eb hierarkis\u00eb s\u00eb pem\u00ebs s\u00eb server\u00ebve. Transformimi i emrave \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me DNS, por k\u00ebrkesat dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet kryhen me ruajtjen e konfidencialitetit \u2014 nyja q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunon k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn nuk di se kujt i jepet p\u00ebrgjigjja, nd\u00ebrsa nyjet kaluese dhe v\u00ebzhguesit e jasht\u00ebm nuk mund t\u00eb dekriptojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet.<\/p>\n<p>Zona DNS n\u00eb GNS p\u00ebrcaktohet me an\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi t\u00eb hapur dhe privat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ECDSA\">ECDSA<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kurbave eliptike <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curve25519\">Curve25519<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebrdorimi i Curve25519 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/soatok.blog\/2020\/07\/08\/gnu-a-heuristic-for-bad-cryptography\/\">perceptohet<\/a><\/noindex> nga disa si nj\u00eb hap mjaft t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm, pasi p\u00ebr ECDSA p\u00ebrdoren lloje t\u00eb tjera kurbash eliptike, dhe n\u00eb \u00e7ift me Curve25519 zakonisht p\u00ebrdoret algoritmi i n\u00ebnshkrimeve digjitale <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EdDSA#Ed25519\">Ed25519<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/soatok.blog\/2020\/04\/26\/a-furrys-guide-to-digital-signature-algorithms\/\">m\u00eb modern<\/a><\/noindex>, m\u00eb i sigurt dhe m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb se ECDSA. Nga pik\u00ebpamja e q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb kriptografike, gjithashtu ngre dyshime rreth zgjedhjes s\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsit \u2014 32 byte n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 64 byte, q\u00eb zakonisht p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr Ed25519, si dhe aplikimi i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multiple_encryption\">enkriptimit<\/a><\/noindex> simetrik, duke p\u00ebrdorur algoritmet AES dhe TwoFish n\u00eb modalit\u00e0 CFB.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb shpjegohet nga nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar \u00e7el\u00ebsa hierarkik\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsit t\u00eb hapur t\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs p\u00ebr nxjerrjen e \u00e7el\u00ebsit t\u00eb hapur dyt\u00ebsor, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar vetin\u00eb e linearitetit t\u00eb kurb\u00ebs Curve25519. Kjo ve\u00e7ori lejon nxjerrjen e \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb hapur dyt\u00ebsor pa njohjen e \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb hapur t\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs. Teknikat e caktuara gjithashtu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/BIP_0032\">aplikohet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Bitcoin. Madh\u00ebsia 32-byte e \u00e7el\u00ebsit \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjedhur q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb regjistrim DNS.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb theksohet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gnunet.org\/en\/news\/2020-07-0.13.0.html\">l\u00ebshimi i ri<\/a><\/noindex> korniz\u00ebs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gnunet.org\">GNUnet 0.13<\/a><\/noindex>, i ndihmon n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve P2P t\u00eb decentralizuara dhe t\u00eb sigurta. Rrjetet e krijuara me GNUnet nuk kan\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb vetme d\u00ebshtimi dhe jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb garantojn\u00eb intimitetin e informacionit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimin e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb abuzimit nga ana e agjencive t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe administrator\u00ebve, q\u00eb kan\u00eb qasje n\u00eb nyjat e rrjetit. Ky version p\u00ebrmban ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb protokoll, t\u00eb cilat e b\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb jo t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhsh\u00ebm me versionet 0.12.x.<\/p>\n<p>GNUnet mb\u00ebshtet krijimin e rrjeteve P2P mbi TCP, UDP, HTTP\/HTTPS, Bluetooth dhe WLAN, dhe mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin F2F (Friend-to-friend). Mb\u00ebshtetet kalimi i NAT, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur UPnP dhe ICMP. P\u00ebr adresimin e vendndodhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb tabele t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb hash (DHT). Oferon mjete p\u00ebr vendosjen e rrjeteve mesh. P\u00ebr dh\u00ebnien dhe heqjen selektive t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb aksesit, p\u00ebrdoret sh\u00ebrbimi i shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb atributit t\u00eb identifikimit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/reclaimID\">reclaimID<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1805.06253.pdf\">duke p\u00ebrdorur<\/a><\/noindex> GNS (GNU Name System) dhe enkriptimin e bazuar n\u00eb atribute (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attribute-based_Encryption\">Attribute-Based Encryption<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n<p>Sistemi karakterizohet nga konsum i ul\u00ebt t\u00eb burimeve dhe p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs multi-process p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar izolimin midis komponent\u00ebve. Ofron mjete fleksibile p\u00ebr mbajtjen e log-eve dhe akumulimin e statistikave. P\u00ebr zhvillimin e aplikacioneve t\u00eb fundit, GNUnet ofron nj\u00eb API p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn C dhe lidhje p\u00ebr gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb tjera programimi. P\u00ebr t\u00eb thjeshtuar zhvillimin, rekomandohet p\u00ebrdorimi i cikleve t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve (event loop) dhe proceseve n\u00eb vend t\u00eb fijeve. N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb testimi p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen automatike t\u00eb rrjeteve eksperimentale q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra peer-e. <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 GNS, mbi teknologjit\u00eb e GNUnet po zhvillohen edhe disa aplikacione t\u00eb gatshme:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sh\u00ebrbimi p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin anonim t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, q\u00eb p\u00ebrjashton analizimin e informacionit p\u00ebrmes transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave vet\u00ebm n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb enkriptuar dhe q\u00eb nuk lejon t\u00eb gjendet kush ka publikuar, k\u00ebrkuar dhe shkarkuar skedar\u00ebt duke p\u00ebrdorur protokollin GAP.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemi VPN p\u00ebr krijimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb fshehura n\u00eb domenin &#171;.gnu&#187; dhe p\u00ebr kalimin e tunelive IPv4 dhe IPv6 mbi rrjetin P2P. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, mb\u00ebshteten skemat e p\u00ebrkthimit IPv4-n\u00eb-IPv6 dhe IPv6-n\u00eb-IPv4, si dhe krijimi i tunelive IPv4-mbi-IPv6 dhe IPv6-mbi-IPv4.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sh\u00ebrbimi GNUnet Conversation p\u00ebr telefonatat vokale mbi GNUnet. P\u00ebr identifikimin e p\u00ebrdoruesve p\u00ebrdoret GNS, p\u00ebrmbajtja e trafikut vokal d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb enktosur. Anonimiteti nuk ofrohet ende \u2014 pirat e tjer\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndjekin lidhjen midis dy p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb adresat e tyre IP.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Platforma p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve sociale t\u00eb decentralizuara <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/secushare.org\/\">Secushare<\/a><\/noindex>, e cila p\u00ebrdor protokollin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/about.psyc.eu\/\">PSYC<\/a><\/noindex> dhe mb\u00ebshtet shp\u00ebrndarjen e njoftimeve n\u00eb modin multicast duke p\u00ebrdorur enkriptimin end-to-end q\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn n\u00eb mesazhe, skedar\u00eb, biseda dhe diskutime ta ken\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoruesit e autorizuar (ata q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb adresuar mesazhet, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb administrator\u00ebt e nyjave, nuk do t\u00eb mund t'i lexojn\u00eb);\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemi p\u00ebr organizimin e email-eve t\u00eb enkriptuar <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pep.foundation\/\">pretty Easy privacy<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili aplikon GNUnet p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur metadat\u00ebn dhe mb\u00ebshtet protokolle t\u00eb ndryshme <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pep.security\/docs\/general_information.html#the-pp-concept\">kriptografike<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr verifikimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsave;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemi i pagesave <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=44544\">GNU Taler<\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb ofron anonimat p\u00ebr bler\u00ebsit, por p\u00ebrcjell transaksionet e shit\u00ebsve p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar transparenc\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar raportimin tatimor. Mb\u00ebshtetet puna me monedha dhe para elektronike t\u00eb ndryshme, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dollar\u00ebt, eurot dhe bitcoin-\u00ebt.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Novitetet kryesore n\u00eb GNUnet 0.13:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Eshte vendosur n\u00eb funksion regjistri <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.gnunet.org\/gana.git\/tree\/README\">GANA<\/a><\/noindex> (Autoriteti p\u00ebr Numrat e Caktuar GNUnet), p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr caktimin e emrave dhe adresave p\u00ebr GNUnet.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementimi i sistemit t\u00eb decentralizuar t\u00eb emrave t\u00eb domain\u00ebve GNS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lsd.gnunet.org\/lsd0001\/\">specifikimin<\/a><\/noindex>, i propozuar n\u00eb IETF. \u00cbsht\u00eb vendosur funksionimi i plugin NSS &#171;block&#187;. Jan\u00eb shtuar flamuj t\u00eb rinj SUPPLEMENTAL p\u00ebr regjistrat, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb publikuar qart\u00eb n\u00ebn etiket\u00ebn e caktuar, por kthehen nga rezolveri. N\u00eb utilitarin gnunet-namestore \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb njoftim paralajm\u00ebrues p\u00ebr shtimin e regjistrave TLSA ose SRV jasht\u00eb regjistrimit. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/id\/draft-schanzen-gns-01.html#name-box\">BOX<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e revokimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave (GNS\/REVOCATION) funksi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B\">i prov\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb realizuar<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e algoritmit t\u00eb hashingut Argon2.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb decentralizuar t\u00eb atributeve t\u00eb identifikimit (RECLAIM), madh\u00ebsia e tickets \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb 256 bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Plugin-i i transportit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor protokollin UDP p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb eksperimentale p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve me stabilitetin;\n<li class=\"l\"> Formati i skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave dhe metoda e serializimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave private ECDSA jan\u00eb unifikuar me bibliotekat e tjera (\u00e7el\u00ebsat e vjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb ndalen s\u00eb funksionuari).\n<li class=\"l\"> Si implementim i algoritmeve t\u00eb enkriptimit t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb kurba eliptike, \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar biblioteka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50786\">libsodium<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mund\u00ebsia e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb utilitar\u00ebve me bibliotek\u00ebn cURL, e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me gnutls.\n<li class=\"l\"> Rikthyer serverin e integrimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/buildbot.gnunet.org\/\">Buildbot<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb var\u00ebsit\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb bibliotekat libmicrohttpd, libjansson dhe libsodium.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53320\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d GNS (GNU Name System), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c GNUnet \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b DNS. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d RFC, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 &#171;\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430&#187;. 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