{"id":89711,"date":"2020-07-25T13:42:31","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T11:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ustanavlivaem-balansirovshhik-nagruzki-haproxy-na-centos"},"modified":"2020-07-25T13:42:31","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T11:42:31","slug":"ustanavlivaem-balansirovshhik-nagruzki-haproxy-na-centos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ustanavlivaem-balansirovshhik-nagruzki-haproxy-na-centos","title":{"rendered":"Instalimi i balancuesit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs HAProxy n\u00eb CentOS","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrkthimi i artikullit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur para fillimit t\u00eb kursit \u00abAdministratori Linux. Virtualizimi dhe klasterizimi\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Instalimi<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Balancimi i ngarkes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e zakonshme p\u00ebr shkall\u00ebzimin horizontal t\u00eb aplikacioneve web n\u00eb disa hoste, duke ofruar p\u00ebrdoruesve nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb vetme qasje n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim. HAProxy<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga programet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs me burim t\u00eb hapur, e cila gjithashtu siguron disponibilitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe funksionalitet t\u00eb proxy.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

HAProxy synon t\u00eb optimizoj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e burimeve, maksimizoj\u00eb kapacitetin e kalimit, minimizoj\u00eb koh\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjigjes dhe t\u00eb shmang\u00eb mbingarkes\u00ebn e \u00e7do burimi t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Ajo mund t\u00eb instalohet n\u00eb shum\u00eb distribucione t\u00eb Linux-it, si CentOS 8, mbi t\u00eb cilin do t\u00eb ndalojm\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb udh\u00ebzues, si dhe n\u00eb sistemet Debian 8<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Ubuntu 16<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Instalimi<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

HAProxy \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr website-t me trafik shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe prandaj p\u00ebrdoret shpesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe performanc\u00ebn e konfigurimeve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve web me disa server\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb udh\u00ebzues p\u00ebrshkruhen hapat p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfiguruar HAProxy si nj\u00eb balancues ngarkese n\u00eb nj\u00eb host cloud CentOS 8, i cili m\u00eb pas drejton trafik n\u00eb serverat tuaj web.<\/p>\n

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Si nj\u00eb kusht thelb\u00ebsor p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur rezultatet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, ju duhet t\u00eb keni t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn dy server\u00eb web dhe nj\u00eb server p\u00ebr balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs. N\u00eb server\u00ebt web duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e instaluar s\u00eb paku nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim web themelor, si nginx ose httpd, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs midis tyre.<\/p>\n

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Instalimi i HAProxy n\u00eb CentOS 8<\/h2>\n

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P\u00ebr shkak se HAProxy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aplikacion me burim t\u00eb hapur q\u00eb po zhvillohet shpejt, distribuimi i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb depozitat standarde t\u00eb CentOS-it mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb versioni m\u00eb i fundit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar versionin aktual, ekzekutoni komand\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

sudo yum info haproxy<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
HAProxy gjithmon\u00eb ofron p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e tre versioneve stabile: dy versionet m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura dhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb, m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, e cila ende merr p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime kritike. Ju gjithmon\u00eb mund t\u00eb kontrolloni versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit stabil t\u00eb treguar n\u00eb faqen e HAProxy dhe pastaj t\u00eb vendosni se me cilin version d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb punoni.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb udh\u00ebzues do t\u00eb instalojm\u00eb versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit stabil 2.0, i cili ende nuk ishte i disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb depo standarde n\u00eb momentin e shkrimit t\u00eb udh\u00ebzuesit. Ju nevojitet ta instaloni at\u00eb nga burimi origjinal. Por fillimisht kontrolloni n\u00ebse keni p\u00ebrmbushur kushtet e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkarkuar dhe kompaktuar programin.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
sudo yum install gcc pcre-devel tar make -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Shkarkoni kodin burimor duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb kontrolloni n\u00ebse ekziston nj\u00eb version m\u00eb i ri n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb faqja e shkarkimeve t\u00eb HAProxy<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
wget http:\/\/www.haproxy.org\/download\/2.0\/src\/haproxy-2.0.7.tar.gz -O ~\/haproxy.tar.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb shkarkimit, shfrytezoni skedar\u00ebt me komand\u00ebn e dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n
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tar xzvf ~\/haproxy.tar.gz -C ~\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Shkoni n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb e shfrytezimit t\u00eb kodit burimor:<\/p>\n
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cd ~\/haproxy-2.0.7<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Pastaj, kompaktikoni programin p\u00ebr sistemin tuaj:<\/p>\n
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make TARGET=linux-glibc<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Dhe, p\u00ebrfundimisht, instaloni vet\u00eb HAProxy:<\/p>\n
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sudo make install<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Tani HAProxy \u00ebsht\u00eb instaluar, por p\u00ebr funksionimin e saj k\u00ebrkohen disa manipulime shtes\u00eb. Le t\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb me konfigurimin e softuerit dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
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Konfigurimi i HAProxy p\u00ebr serverin tuaj<\/h2>\n
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Tani shtoni k\u00ebto direktori dhe sked\u00eb statistike p\u00ebr regjistrimet HAProxy:<\/p>\n
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sudo mkdir -p \/etc\/haproxy\nsudo mkdir -p \/var\/lib\/haproxy \nsudo touch \/var\/lib\/haproxy\/stats<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Krijoni nj\u00eb lidhje simbolike p\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt binar\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ekzekutoni komandat HAProxy si p\u00ebrdorues i zakonsh\u00ebm:<\/p>\n
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sudo ln -s \/usr\/local\/sbin\/haproxy \/usr\/sbin\/haproxy<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb shtoni serverin proxy n\u00eb sistem si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim, kopjoni sked\u00ebn haproxy.init nga shembujt n\u00eb katalogun tuaj \/etc\/init.d. Redaktoni lejet e sked\u00ebs q\u00eb skripti t\u00eb ekzekutohet, pastaj rifilloni demonin systemd:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
sudo cp ~\/haproxy-2.0.7\/examples\/haproxy.init \/etc\/init.d\/haproxy\nsudo chmod 755 \/etc\/init.d\/haproxy\nsudo systemctl daemon-reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Ju gjithashtu duhet t\u00eb lejoni sh\u00ebrbimin q\u00eb t\u00eb rifilloj\u00eb automatikisht kur t\u00eb startohet sistemi:<\/p>\n
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sudo chkconfig haproxy on<\/code><\/pre>\n
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P\u00ebr leht\u00ebsi, rekomandohet gjithashtu t\u00eb shtoni nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar HAProxy:<\/p>\n
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sudo useradd -r haproxy<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Pas k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb kontrolloni p\u00ebrs\u00ebri numrin e versionit t\u00eb instaluar duke p\u00ebrdorur komand\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n
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haproxy -v\nHA-Proxy version 2.0.7 2019\/09\/27 - https:\/\/haproxy.org\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
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N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, versioni duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 2.0.7, si\u00e7 shikohet n\u00eb shembullin e daljes m\u00eb sip\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
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N\u00eb fund, firewalli n\u00eb CentOS 8 \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft restriktiv p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb projekt. P\u00ebrdorni komandat e m\u00ebposhtme p\u00ebr t\u00eb lejuar sh\u00ebrbimet e nevojshme dhe p\u00ebr t'u rifilluar firewalli:<\/p>\n
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sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http\nsudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=8181\/tcp\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
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Konfigurimi i balancuesit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs<\/h2>\n
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Konfigurimi i HAProxy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces mjaft i thjesht\u00eb. N\u00eb thelb, gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebni \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb informoni HAProxy se cilat lidhje duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoj\u00eb dhe ku duhet t'i transmetoj\u00eb ato.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kjo b\u00ebhet duke krijuar nj\u00eb skedar konfigurimi \/etc\/haproxy\/haproxy.cfg me cil\u00ebsimet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Mund t\u00eb lexoni rreth parametrave t\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb HAProxy n\u00eb faqen e dokumentacionit<\/a><\/noindex>, n\u00ebse d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb m\u00ebsoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb rreth k\u00ebsaj.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Balancimi i ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb nivelin e transportit (layer 4)<\/h2>\n
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Le t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me konfigurimin bazik. Krijoni nj\u00eb skedar t\u00eb ri konfigurimi, p\u00ebr shembull, duke p\u00ebrdorur vi<\/strong> me komand\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
sudo vi \/etc\/haproxy\/haproxy.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Shtoni n\u00eb skedar seksionet e m\u00ebposhtme. Z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoni server_name<\/strong> me at\u00eb q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb th\u00ebrras\u00eb serverat tuaj n\u00eb faqen e statistikave, dhe private_ip<\/strong> me adresat IP private t\u00eb serverave, t\u00eb cilat d\u00ebshironi t\u00eb drejtoni trafikun web. Mund t\u00eb kontrolloni adresat IP private n\u00eb panelin e kontrollit UpCloud<\/a><\/noindex> dhe n\u00eb sked\u00ebn Private network<\/em> n\u00eb menun\u00eb Network\nglobal\n   log \/dev\/log local0\n   log \/dev\/log local1 notice\n   chroot \/var\/lib\/haproxy\n   stats timeout 30s\n   user haproxy\n   group haproxy\n   daemon\n\ndefaults\n   log global\n   mode http\n   option httplog\n   option dontlognull\n   timeout connect 5000\n   timeout client 50000\n   timeout server 50000\n\nfrontend http_front\n   bind *:80\n   stats uri \/haproxy?stats\n   default_backend http_back\n\nbackend http_back\n   balance roundrobin\n   server server_name1 private_ip1:80 check\n   server server_name2 private_ip2:80 check<\/em>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kjo p\u00ebrcakton balancuesin e ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb nivelin e transportit (layer 4) me emrin e jasht\u00ebm http_front, duke d\u00ebgjuar n\u00eb portin 80, i cili pastaj drejton trafikun n\u00eb back-endin e paracaktuar me emrin http_back. Statistikat shtes\u00eb \/haproxy?stats lidhin faqen e statistikave n\u00eb adres\u00ebn e dh\u00ebn\u00eb.<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Algoritmet e ndryshme t\u00eb balancimit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
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P\u00ebrcaktimi i server\u00ebve n\u00eb seksionin e back-endit lejon HAProxy t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb k\u00ebta server\u00eb p\u00ebr balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs sipas algoritmit t\u00eb rrotullimit kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur.<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
Algoritmet e balancimit p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar se n\u00eb cilin server n\u00eb back-end d\u00ebrgohet \u00e7do lidhje. Ja disa nga opsionet e dobishme:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Roundrobin:<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n