{"id":89721,"date":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej"},"modified":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","slug":"booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","title":{"rendered":"booty \u2014 utilitar p\u00ebr krijimin e imazheve dhe disk\u00ebve t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Programi \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/booty\">Booty<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili lejon q\u00eb me nj\u00eb komand\u00eb t\u00eb krijoni imazhe startuese initrd, skedar\u00eb ISO ose disqe, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb \u00e7do distribuim GNU\/Linux. Kodi \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb POSIX shell dhe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/booty\">distribuohet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me licenc\u00ebn GPLv3. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb gjitha distribucionet e ngarkuara duke p\u00ebrdorur Booty punojn\u00eb ose n\u00eb SHMFS (tmpfs) ose n\u00eb SquashFS + Overlay FS, sipas zgjedhjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit. Distribucioni krijohet nj\u00eb her\u00eb, dhe gjat\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs zgjidhen parametrat q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e tmpfs t\u00eb past\u00ebr p\u00ebr rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn, ose kombinimin Overlay FS + SquashFS me regjistrimin e ndryshimeve n\u00eb tmpfs. Ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kopjuar paraprakisht distributivin e ngarkuar n\u00eb RAM, \u00e7ka mund\u00ebson q\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizohet disku USB pas ngarkes\u00ebs dhe kopjimit t\u00eb distributivit n\u00eb memorie.<\/p>\n<p>Para s\u00eb gjithash, Booty gjeneron nj\u00eb imazh initrd t\u00eb vetin, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren utilitetet vendas nga sistemi aktual ose busybox. Ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb (paketuar) t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb initramfs distribuimin e instaluar n\u00eb drejtorin\u00eb (chroot). Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb azhurnohet sistemi duke p\u00ebrdorur kexec: vet\u00ebm rinisni initrd me nj\u00eb t\u00eb re kernel dhe nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb ri brenda initrd.<\/p>\n<p>Krijimi i nj\u00eb imazhi initrd specifik p\u00ebr Booty:<\/p>\n<p>   mkdir initramfs\/<br \/>\n   mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n<p>Krijimi i imazhit initrd duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sistemin nga direktoria \u00abgentoo\/\u00bb:<\/p>\n<p>   mkdir initramfs\/<br \/>\n   mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014cpio \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n<p>Pas k\u00ebsaj, ky imazh initrd \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i gatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ngarkim, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet PXE ose kexec.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00eb pas, Booty gjeneron imazhe me sistemin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb specifikuar si \u00aboverlays\u00bb. P\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundshme t\u00eb instalohet (t\u00eb shkarkohet arkivi) Gentoo n\u00eb nj\u00eb direktori t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs me p\u00ebrdorimin e Booty do t\u00eb gjenerohet nj\u00eb arkiv cpio ose nj\u00eb imazh SquashFS me k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem. Po ashtu, mund t\u00eb kryhen konfigurime t\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb nj\u00eb direktori t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr direktori t\u00eb ruhen cil\u00ebsimet personale. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto \u00abshtresa\u00bb do t\u00eb ngarkohen radhazi mbi nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb pun\u00ebs t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>   mkdir initramfs\/<br \/>\n   mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014overlay settings\/ \u2014overlay documents\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb fund, Booty lejon krijimin e imazheve ISO bootues dhe USB, HDD, SSD dhe pajisje t\u00eb tjera duke instaluar sistemin e p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb lart nga imazhet. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/booty\">Booty<\/a><\/noindex> mb\u00ebshtet krijimin e sistemeve startuese BIOS dhe UEFI. Mb\u00ebshteten bootloaderat GRUB2 dhe SYSLINUX. Bootloaderat mund t\u00eb kombinohen, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar n\u00eb BIOS duke p\u00ebrdorur SYSLINUX, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr UEFI \u2014 GRUB2. P\u00ebr krijimin e imazheve ISO do t'ju nevojitet gjithashtu paketa cdrkit (genisoimage) ose xorriso (xorrisofs), sipas zgjedhjes.<\/p>\n<p>Veprimi i vet\u00ebm shtes\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitja p\u00ebrpara e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (vmlinuz) p\u00ebr ngarkim. Autori (Spoofing) rekomandon p\u00ebrdorimin e \u00abmake defconfig\u00bb. Para krijimit t\u00eb imazhit, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitet nj\u00eb direktori, duke vendosur brenda saj b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn vmlinuz dhe nj\u00eb \u00abt\u00eb zbraz\u00ebt\u00bb initrd, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb shembullin e par\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>   mkdir iso\/<br \/>\n   cp \/boot\/vmlinuz-* iso\/boot\/vmlinuz<br \/>\n   cp initrd iso\/boot\/initrd<\/p>\n<p>Tani p\u00ebrgatitja p\u00ebrfundoi, tani mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb imazhe ISO nga ky direktorium. <\/p>\n<p>Komanda e ardhshme do t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh ISO, jo ngarkues, thjesht ISO:<\/p>\n<p>   mkdir iso\/<br \/>\n   mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014output archive.iso<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb imazhi startues \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb specifikoni opsionin \u00ab\u2014legacy-boot\u00bb p\u00ebr BIOS dhe \u00ab\u2014efi\u00bb p\u00ebr UEFI, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht, si parametra p\u00ebr opsionin pranohen ose grub2, ose syslinux, gjithashtu mund t\u00eb specifikohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb opsion (p.sh., ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ngarkimin UEFI, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme ta specifikoni).<\/p>\n<p>   mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014output boot-biosonly.iso<\/p>\n<p>   mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-bios-uefi.iso<\/p>\n<p>   mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-uefionly.iso<\/p>\n<p>Po ashtu si\u00e7 ishin p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb imazhet me sistem n\u00eb initrd, ato mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb ISO.<\/p>\n<p>   mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output gentoo.iso<\/p>\n<p>Pas k\u00ebsaj komande do t\u00eb formohet nj\u00eb imazh startues BIOS\/UEFI ISO, i cili ngarkohet Gentoo nga nj\u00eb imazh SquashFS duke p\u00ebrdorur Overlay FS, duke p\u00ebrdorur tmpfs p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. B\u00ebrthama duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Overlay FS me SquashFS. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye kjo nuk k\u00ebrkohet, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni opsionin \u00ab\u2014cpio\u00bb n\u00eb vend t\u00eb \u00ab\u2014squashfs\u00bb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb paketuar gentoo\/ si nj\u00eb arkiv cpio, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast arkivi do t\u00eb shkarkohet direkt n\u00eb tmpfs gjat\u00eb ngarkimit, e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr shkarkimin e sistemit n\u00eb tmpfs t\u00eb ket\u00eb mjaft memorie t\u00eb hapur.<\/p>\n<p>Fakt interesant: n\u00ebse imazhi ISO i krijuar me opsionin \u00ab\u2014efi\u00bb shp\u00ebrndahet n\u00eb nj\u00eb USB FAT32 duke kopjuar thjesht skedar\u00ebt (cp -r), at\u00ebher\u00eb Flash drive do t\u00eb ngarkohet n\u00eb modin UEFI pa ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitje t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme, fal\u00eb specifik\u00ebs s\u00eb bootloaderave UEFI.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 imazheve ISO startuese me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat parametra, gjithashtu mund t\u00eb krijohet \u00e7do pajisje startuese: USB, HDD, SSD dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa kjo pajisje mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb saj kryesor. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb montoni, p\u00ebr shembull, pajisjen USB dhe t\u00eb ekzekutoni mkbootisofs mbi t\u00eb. Thjesht duhet t\u00eb shtoni nj\u00eb opsion \u00ab\u2014bootable\u00bb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb pajisja n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhet direkoria e specifikuar, t\u00eb b\u00ebhet startuese.<\/p>\n<p>mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt<br \/>\nmkbootisofs \/mnt \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014bootable<\/p>\n<p>Pas k\u00ebsaj, pajisja USB do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet startuese me overlay-n gentoo\/ (mos harroni t\u00eb kopjoni skedar\u00ebt \/boot\/vmlinuz dhe \/boot\/initrd n\u00eb pajisje). <\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye pajisja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb montuar n\u00eb \/mnt, dhe ndodhet q\u00eb \/mnt \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjen kryesore \/dev\/sda, at\u00ebher\u00eb gjegj\u00ebsisht bootloader do t\u00eb rishkruhet n\u00eb \/dev\/sda. Duhet t\u00eb tregoni kujdes kur specifikoni opsionin \u2014bootable.<\/p>\n<p>Gjat\u00eb ngarkimit, Booty mb\u00ebshtet nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb opsionesh q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen n\u00eb bootloader, grub.cfg ose syslinux.cfg. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb parazgjedhur, pa ndonj\u00eb opsion, ngarkohet dhe shp\u00ebrndahet t\u00eb gjitha overlay-t n\u00eb tmpfs (opsioni i parazgjedhur ooty.use-shmfs). P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur Overlay FS, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret opsioni booty.use-overlayfs. Opsioni booty.copy-to-ram paraprakisht kopjon overlay-t n\u00eb tmpfs, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs vet\u00ebm i monton dhe i ngarkon. Pas kopjimit, pajisja USB (ose nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr ruajt\u00ebse) mund t\u00eb nxirret.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53428\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 GNU\/Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Booty, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SHMFS (tmpfs), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SquashFS + Overlay FS, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 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