{"id":89872,"date":"2020-07-27T01:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T23:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raspredelyonnye-subd-dlya-enterprajza"},"modified":"2020-07-27T01:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-07-26T23:42:19","slug":"raspredelyonnye-subd-dlya-enterprajza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raspredelyonnye-subd-dlya-enterprajza","title":{"rendered":"Sistemet e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Teorema CAP \u00ebsht\u00eb themeli i teoris\u00eb s\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara. Sigurisht, polemikat rreth saj nuk qet\u00ebsohen: as p\u00ebrkufizimet nuk jan\u00eb kanonike, as nj\u00eb prov\u00eb strikte nuk ekziston... Megjithat\u00eb, duke q\u00ebndruar fort n\u00eb pozitat e zakonshme t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb arsyes&trade;, ne e kuptojm\u00eb intuitivisht se teorema \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemet e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/35c8b29bb024cbf383d78caa1af2c525.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nE vetmja gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i shkronj\u00ebs \u00abP\u00bb. Kur klasteri ndahet, ai vendos \u2013 t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrgjigjet derisa t\u00eb arrihet nj\u00eb kuorum, ose t\u00eb jap\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb ka. N\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb rezultateve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj zgjedhjeje, sistemi klasifikohet ose si CP ose si AP. Cassandra, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb sillet ose k\u00ebshtu ose ashtu, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi, madje, jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb klasterit, por edhe t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb \u00e7do k\u00ebrkese specifike. Por n\u00ebse sistemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abP\u00bb, dhe ai \u00ebsht\u00eb ndar\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u2013 \u00e7far\u00eb?<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrgjigjja n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje \u00ebsht\u00eb disi befasuese: Klasteri CA nuk mund t\u00eb ndahet.<br \/>\n\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ky klaster q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb ndahet?<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNj\u00eb atribut i domosdosh\u00ebm i nj\u00eb klasteri t\u00eb till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt ruajtjeje t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn d\u00ebrrmuese t\u00eb rasteve, kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb lidhje p\u00ebrmes SAN, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e kufizon p\u00ebrdorimin e zgjidhjeve CA nga bizneset e m\u00ebdha q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn SAN. P\u00ebr t\u00eb patur disa <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/\"   title=\"server\u00ebsh\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1512\">server\u00ebsh<\/a> q\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta, k\u00ebrkohet nj\u00eb sistem skedar\u00ebsh klasteri. K\u00ebto sisteme skedar\u00ebsh jan\u00eb n\u00eb portofol\u00ebt e HPE (CFS), Veritas (VxCFS) dhe IBM (GPFS). <\/p>\n<h4>Oracle RAC<\/h4>\n<p>\nOpsioni Real Application Cluster u shfaq p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2001 n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin Oracle 9i. N\u00eb nj\u00eb klaster t\u00eb till\u00eb, disa instance <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\u00eb\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3642\">server\u00eb<\/a> punojn\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash.<br \/>\nOracle mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb si me nj\u00eb sistem skedar\u00ebsh klasteri, ashtu edhe me zgjidhjen e saj \u2013 ASM, Automatic Storage Management.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7do instance mbajn\u00eb gazet\u00ebn e saj. Transaksioni ekzekutohet dhe regjistrohet nga nj\u00eb instance. N\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi t\u00eb nj\u00eb instance, nj\u00eb nga node-t e mbetura t\u00eb klasterit (instanceve) lexon gazet\u00ebn e saj dhe rikuperon t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e humbura \u2013 p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye sigurohet disponueshm\u00ebria.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb gjitha instancat mb\u00ebshtesin cache-n e tyre, dhe t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat faqe (bllokime) mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht n\u00eb cache-n e disa instancave. M\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb faqe nevojitet nga nj\u00eb instanc\u00eb, dhe ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb cache-n e nj\u00eb instance tjet\u00ebr, mund ta marr\u00eb at\u00eb nga \u00abfqinji\u00bb me an\u00eb t\u00eb mekanizmit cache fusion n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb nga disku.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemet e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/917cb1bfcc2c47ccf0dbb2f1e34ac921.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPor e gjith\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00ebse nj\u00eb nga ekzemplar\u00ebt do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte t\u00eb ndryshonte t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat?<\/p>\n<p>Karakteristika e Oracle \u00ebsht\u00eb se nuk ka nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb dedikuar p\u00ebr bllokimin: n\u00ebse serveri d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb nj\u00eb rresht, at\u00ebher\u00eb informata p\u00ebr bllokimin vendoset drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb at\u00eb faqe t\u00eb memories, ku ndodhet rreshti i bllokuar. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebtij qasje, Oracle \u00ebsht\u00eb kampion n\u00eb performanc\u00eb mes bazave t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash monolitike: sh\u00ebrbimi i bllokimeve kurr\u00eb nuk b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb ngushtic\u00eb. Por n\u00eb konfigurimin klaster, nj\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim intensiv rrjeti dhe bllokime reciproke.<\/p>\n<p>Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim bllokohet, ekzemplari i njofton t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ekzemplar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb se faqja, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ruhet ky sh\u00ebnim, \u00ebsht\u00eb kapur n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb monopole. N\u00ebse nj\u00eb ekzemplar tjet\u00ebr ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb sh\u00ebnimin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn faqe, ai duhet t\u00eb pres\u00eb derisa ndryshimet n\u00eb faqe t\u00eb konfirmohen, dmth. informata p\u00ebr ndryshimin t\u00eb regjistrohet n\u00eb ditarin n\u00eb disk (nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb transaksioni mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb). Mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb gjithashtu q\u00eb faqa t\u00eb ndryshohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme nga disa ekzemplar\u00eb, dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb, kur t\u00eb shkruhet faqja n\u00eb disk, do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sqarohet se kush ka versionin aktual t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj faqe.<\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsim i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm i faqeve t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta p\u00ebrmes nyjave t\u00eb ndryshme RAC \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb ndjeshme t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb baz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2013 deri n\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00eb sa performanca e klasterit mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se performanca e nj\u00eb ekzemplari t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrdorimi i duhur i Oracle RAC \u2013 ndarja fizike e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrmes mekanizmit t\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb ndara) dhe qasja n\u00eb \u00e7do grup seksionesh p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nyje t\u00eb dedikuar. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i RAC-it nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shkall\u00ebzimi horizontal, por sigurimi i q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse nj\u00eb nyje pushon s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjiguri n\u00eb heartbeat, at\u00ebher\u00eb nyja q\u00eb e zbulon k\u00ebt\u00eb s\u00eb pari, nis procedur\u00ebn e votimit n\u00eb disk. N\u00ebse dhe k\u00ebtu nyja e humbur nuk sh\u00ebnohet, at\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb nga nyjat merr p\u00ebrsip\u00ebr detyrat p\u00ebr rikuperimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00abE ngrin\u00bb t\u00eb gjitha faqet q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb cache t\u00eb nyj\u00ebs s\u00eb humbur;<\/li>\n<li>Lexon ditar\u00ebt (redo) e nyj\u00ebs s\u00eb humbur dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebri aplikon ndryshimet e regjistruara n\u00eb k\u00ebto ditar\u00eb, duke kontrolluar gjithashtu n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb nyje tjet\u00ebr ka versione m\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb faqeve q\u00eb po ndryshohen;<\/li>\n<li>rishkah transaksionet e pap\u00ebrfunduara.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb thjeshtuar kalimin mes nyjeve, n\u00eb Oracle ekziston koncepti i sh\u00ebrbimit \u2013 nj\u00eb shembull virtual. Nj\u00eb shembull mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb disa sh\u00ebrbime, dhe nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb mes nyjeve. Nj\u00eb shembull aplikacioni, q\u00eb sh\u00ebrben nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb baz\u00ebs (p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb grup klient\u00ebsh) punon me nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim, nd\u00ebrsa sh\u00ebrbimi q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb baz\u00ebs, kur nj\u00eb nyje d\u00ebshton, kalon n\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n<h4>IBM Pure Data Systems for Transactions<\/h4>\n<p>\nZgjidhja kluster p\u00ebr DBMS erdhi n\u00eb portofolin e Gigantit Blu n\u00eb vitin 2009. Ideologjikisht, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb pasardh\u00ebse e klusterit Parallel Sysplex, e nd\u00ebrtuar mbi pajisje \"t\u00eb zakonshme\". N\u00eb vitin 2009 doli produkti DB2 pureScale, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb paket\u00eb softuerike, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2012 IBM ofron nj\u00eb paket\u00eb softuerike dhe harduerike (appliance) n\u00ebn emrin Pure Data Systems for Transactions. Nuk duhet ngat\u00ebrruar me Pure Data Systems for Analytics, e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb riem\u00ebrim i Netezza.<\/p>\n<p>Arkitektura pureScale n\u00eb pamje t\u00eb par\u00eb duket si Oracle RAC: po ashtu, disa nyje jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt ruajtjeje t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, dhe n\u00eb secil\u00ebn nyje punon nj\u00eb shembull i vet\u00eb DBMS me zonat e tij t\u00eb memories dhe journaleve t\u00eb transaksioneve. Por, ndryshe nga Oracle, n\u00eb DB2 ekziston nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim i dedikuar p\u00ebr bllokimin, i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar nga nj\u00eb grup procesesh db2LLM*. N\u00eb konfigurimin klaster, ky sh\u00ebrbim vendoset n\u00eb nj\u00eb nyje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, e cila n\u00eb Parallel Sysplex quhet facilitet lidh\u00ebs (CF), dhe n\u00eb Pure Data \u2013 PowerHA.<\/p>\n<p>PowerHA ofron sh\u00ebrbimet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>menaxher bllokimesh;<\/li>\n<li>kesh global buffer;<\/li>\n<li>zona e komunikimeve nd\u00ebrpro\u00e7esore.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nP\u00ebr transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga PowerHA n\u00eb nyjet e DB dhe anasjelltas, p\u00ebrdoret qasja e larg\u00ebt n\u00eb memorie, prandaj interkonekti klaster duhet t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb protokollin RDMA. PureScale mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb si Infiniband ashtu edhe RDMA mbi Ethernet.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemet e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/7757acd68445dac4a9f378d5813e663f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00ebse nj\u00eb nyje ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb faqe, dhe kjo faqe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb kesh, at\u00ebher\u00eb nyja k\u00ebrkon faqen n\u00eb keshin global dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rast se ashtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb atje, e lexon nga disku. Ndryshe nga Oracle, k\u00ebrkesa shkon vet\u00ebm n\u00eb PowerHA, dhe jo n\u00eb nyjet fqinj.<\/p>\n<p>Kurse instanca \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u p\u00ebrgatitur t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb rresht, ajo bllokon at\u00eb n\u00eb modin ekskluziv dhe faqen ku ndodhet rreshti \u2013 n\u00eb modin e ndar\u00eb. T\u00eb gjitha bllokimet regjistrohen n\u00eb menaxherin global t\u00eb bllokimeve. Kur transaksioni p\u00ebrfundon, nyja d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb mesazh menaxherit t\u00eb bllokimeve, i cili kopjon faqen e ndryshuar n\u00eb cache-in global, heq bllokimet dhe invalidon faqen e ndryshuar n\u00eb caches e nyjeve t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse faqja, ku ndodhet rreshti i ndryshuesh\u00ebm, \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb e bllokuar, menaxheri i bllokimeve do t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb faqen e ndryshuar nga memorizimi i nyj\u00ebs q\u00eb b\u00ebri ndryshimet, do t\u00eb heq\u00eb bllokimin, invalidon faqen e ndryshuar n\u00eb caches e nyjeve t\u00eb tjera dhe do ta jap\u00eb bllokimin e faqes nyj\u00ebs q\u00eb e k\u00ebrkoi at\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Faqet \"e ndyr\u00eb\", q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshuara, mund t\u00eb shkruhen n\u00eb disk nga nj\u00eb nyje e zakonshme, si dhe nga PowerHA (castout).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb rast t\u00eb nj\u00eb defekti t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit nga nyjat pureScale, rikthimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb transaksionet q\u00eb n\u00eb momentin e d\u00ebshtimit ende nuk ishin p\u00ebrfunduar: faqet e ndryshuara nga kjo nyje n\u00eb transaksionet e p\u00ebrfunduara gjenden n\u00eb cache-in global n\u00eb PowerHA. Nyja ri\u00e7ellet n\u00eb nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb reduktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga server\u00ebt e klasterit, rikthen transaksionet e pap\u00ebrfunduara dhe \u00e7liron bllokimet.<\/p>\n<p>PowerHA funksionon n\u00eb dy server\u00eb dhe nyja kryesore replicon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sinkrone gjendjen e saj. N\u00eb rastin e defektit t\u00eb nyj\u00ebs kryesore, klasteri PowerHA vazhdon t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me nyj\u00ebn rezerv\u00eb.<br \/>\nSigurisht, n\u00ebse i qasemi grupeve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nyje, performanca e p\u00ebrgjithshme e klasterit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb. PureScale madje mund ta v\u00ebren se disa zona t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash po p\u00ebrpunohen nga nj\u00eb nyje dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha bllokimet q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin k\u00ebsaj zone do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen nga nyja n\u00eb nivel lokal pa komunikime me PowerHA. Por sa her\u00eb q\u00eb aplikacioni p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb aksesoj\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb nyje tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrpunimi i centralizuar i bllokimeve do t\u00eb rinis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Testet e brendshme IBM mbi nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga 90% lexime dhe 10% shkruaj, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e ngjashme me nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb industrale reale, tregojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi pothuajse lineare deri n\u00eb 128 nyje. Kushtet e testimit, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, nuk zbulohet.<\/p>\n<h4>HPE NonStop SQL<\/h4>\n<p>\nPlatforma e saj me disponueshm\u00ebri t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb portofolin e Hewlett-Packard Enterprise. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb platforma NonStop, q\u00eb u lan\u00e7ua n\u00eb treg n\u00eb vitin 1976 nga Tandem Computers. N\u00eb vitin 1997, kompania u ble nga Compaq, e cila, nga ana e saj, u bashkua me Hewlett-Packard n\u00eb vitin 2002.<\/p>\n<p>NonStop p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e aplikacioneve kritike \u2013 p\u00ebr shembull, HLR ose procesimin e kartave bankare. Platforma ofrohet si nj\u00eb kompleks softuerik-harduerik (appliance), q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00ebsit\u00eb kompjuterike, sistemin e ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe pajisjet e komunikimit. Rrjeti ServerNet (n\u00eb sistemet moderne \u2013 Infiniband) sh\u00ebrben si p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin mes nj\u00ebsive, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr aksesin n\u00eb sistemin e ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionet e hershme t\u00eb sistemit u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn procesor\u00eb pron\u00ebsor\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb sinkronizuar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin: t\u00eb gjitha operacionet ekzekutoheshin sinkronisht nga disa procesor\u00eb, dhe sa her\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb nga procesor\u00ebt gabonte, ai ndalonte pun\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa ai tjet\u00ebr vazhdonte.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mesazhet: \u00e7do proces sistemik ka nj\u00eb dyplikat-'hije', t\u00eb cilit procesi aktiv i d\u00ebrgon periodikisht mesazhe p\u00ebr gjendjen e tij; n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nj\u00eb gabimi t\u00eb procesit kryesor, procesi hije fillon pun\u00ebn nga momenti q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga mesazhi i fundit;<\/li>\n<li>votimi: sistemi i ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ka nj\u00eb komponent t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb harduerik, i cili pranon disa k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta dhe i ekzekuton ato vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rast se k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebrputhen; p\u00ebrve\u00e7 sinkronizimit fizik, procesor\u00ebt punojn\u00eb asinkronisht, dhe rezultatet e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre krahasohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb momentet e input\/output.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nQ\u00eb nga viti 1987, n\u00eb platform\u00ebn NonStop funksionon nj\u00eb DBMS relacionale \u2013 s\u00eb pari SQL\/MP, dhe m\u00eb pas \u2013 SQL\/MX.<\/p>\n<p>Baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ndahet n\u00eb pjes\u00eb, dhe \u00e7do pjes\u00eb ka menaxherin e vet t\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna (DAM). Ai siguron regjistrimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, ndihm\u00ebn dhe mekanizmin e bllokimeve. Trajtimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave e kryejn\u00eb proceset e ekzekutuesit (Executor Server Process), t\u00eb cilat punojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebt nyje si menaxher\u00ebt p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Planifikuesi SQL\/MX ndan detyrat midis ekzekutuesve dhe bashkon rezultatet. Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb b\u00ebhen ndryshime t\u00eb rregullta, p\u00ebrdoret protokolli i bllokimit me dy faza, i siguruar nga biblioteka TMF (Facilitimi i Menaxhimit t\u00eb Transaksioneve).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemet e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/00e9473dd95a78c409dd5283d299fe96.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNonStop SQL mund t\u00eb prioritizoj\u00eb proceset n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat analitike t\u00eb gjata t\u00eb mos pengojn\u00eb ekzekutimin e transaksioneve. Megjithat\u00eb, q\u00ebllimi i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrpunimi i transaksioneve t\u00eb shkurtra, jo analytics. Zhvilluesi garanton disponueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e klasterit NonStop n\u00eb nivelin pes\u00eb 'n\u00ebnt\u00eb', q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se koha e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm 5 minuta n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n<h4>SAP HANA<\/h4>\n<p>\nMb\u00ebshtetje e par\u00eb stabile e DBMS HANA (1.0) u lan\u00e7ua n\u00eb n\u00ebntor 2010, dhe paketa SAP ERP kaloi n\u00eb HANA q\u00eb nga maji 2013. Platforma bazohet n\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb e blera: Motori i K\u00ebrkimit TREX (p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimin n\u00eb magazin\u00ebn kolonore), DBMS P*TIME dhe MAX DB.<\/p>\n<p>Vet\u00eb fjala 'HANA' \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb akronim, High performance ANalytical Appliance. Ky DBMS ofrohet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kodit q\u00eb mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb n\u00eb server\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7do lloji x86, megjithat\u00eb instalimet industriale lejohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar certifikimin. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme zgjidhje nga HP, Lenovo, Cisco, Dell, Fujitsu, Hitachi, NEC. Disa konfiguracione t\u00eb Lenovo lejojn\u00eb madje funksionimin pa SAN - roli i sistemit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb ruajtjes luhet nga klasteri GPFS n\u00eb disqe lokale.<\/p>\n<p>Ndryshe nga platformat e lartp\u00ebrmendura, HANA \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb DBMS n\u00eb memorie, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se pamja e par\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ruhet n\u00eb memorien operative, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb disk regjistrohen vet\u00ebm ditar\u00ebt dhe skenar\u00ebt periodik\u00eb - p\u00ebr t'u rikuperuar n\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Sistemet e shp\u00ebrndara t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f64194ca6de13e1a93f7190dc38ad2d7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00c7do nyje e klasterit HANA p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, dhe harta e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ruhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb komponent t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb - Serverin e Emrave, i vendosur n\u00eb nyjen koordinuese. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat midis nyjeve nuk p\u00ebrs\u00ebriten. Informacioni mbi bllokimet gjithashtu ruhet n\u00eb \u00e7do nyje, por n\u00eb sistem ka nj\u00eb detektor global t\u00eb bllokimeve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjella.<\/p>\n<p>Klienti HANA, kur lidhet me klasterin, ngarkon topologjin\u00eb e tij dhe mund t\u00eb hyj\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb \u00e7do nyje n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb i nevojiten. N\u00ebse transaksioni prek t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb nj\u00eb nyjeje t\u00eb vetme, ato mund t\u00eb ekzekutohen lokal nga kjo nyje, por n\u00ebse ndodhin ndryshime n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb disa nyjeve, nyja nis\u00ebse kontakton nyj\u00ebn koordinatore, e cila hap dhe koordinon transaksionin e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb, duke e regjistruar at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb protokolli t\u00eb optimizuar t\u00eb dy fazave.<\/p>\n<p>Nyja koordinatore \u00ebsht\u00eb e dyfishuar, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb rast se koordinatorja d\u00ebshton, menj\u00ebher\u00eb fillon puna e nyj\u00ebs rezerv\u00eb. N\u00ebse d\u00ebshton nj\u00eb nyje me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb aksesuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebrisni nyj\u00ebn. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, n\u00eb klaster\u00ebt HANA mbahet nj\u00eb server rezerv\u00eb (spare) p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinisur sa m\u00eb shpejt nyj\u00ebn e humbur.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/512298\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CAP-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u2026 \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430&trade;, \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b \u00abP\u00bb. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":89873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CAP-\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 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