{"id":90386,"date":"2020-07-31T13:42:20","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/triller-o-nastrojke-serverov-bez-chudes-s-configuration-management"},"modified":"2020-07-31T13:42:20","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T11:42:20","slug":"triller-o-nastrojke-serverov-bez-chudes-s-configuration-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/triller-o-nastrojke-serverov-bez-chudes-s-configuration-management","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ngjarja po afrohej drejt Vitit t\u00eb Ri. F\u00ebmij\u00ebt e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendit kishin d\u00ebrguar letra te Babagjyshi i Dimrit ose kishin k\u00ebrkuar dhurata p\u00ebr veten, nd\u00ebrsa ekzekutuesi kryesor i tyre \u2014 nj\u00eb nga shit\u00ebsit e m\u00ebdhenj \u2014 po p\u00ebrgatitej p\u00ebr kulmin e shitjeve. N\u00eb dhjetor, ngarkesa n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb tij rritej disa her\u00eb. Prandaj, kompania vendosi t\u00eb modernizoj\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe t\u00eb vendos\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb disa dhjet\u00ebra server\u00eb t\u00eb rinj n\u00eb vend t\u00eb pajisjeve, periudha e sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilave kishte p\u00ebrfunduar. K\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrfundon p\u00ebrralla n\u00eb sfondin e flakesave t\u00eb bor\u00ebs dhe fillon thrilleri. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ebc2128d73e9a0e7f1e383b4b04ee492.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPajisjet arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb vend disa muaj para kulmit t\u00eb shitjeve. Sh\u00ebrbimi i operacioneve, natyrisht, di si dhe \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguroj\u00eb n\u00eb server\u00eb p\u00ebr t'i futur ato n\u00eb mjedisin e prodhimit. Por na duhej ta automatizonim k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtonim faktorin njeri. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, server\u00ebt z\u00ebvend\u00ebsonin nj\u00eb grup sistemesh SAP, t\u00eb cilat ishin kritik\u00eb p\u00ebr kompanin\u00eb, para migrimit. <\/p>\n<p>Futja n\u00eb funksionim e server\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj ishte e lidhur ngusht\u00ebsisht me afatin e fundit. Shtyrja e tij do t\u00eb thoshte t\u00eb rrezikohej d\u00ebrgimi i nj\u00eb miliard dhuratash dhe migrimi i sistemeve. Asnj\u00eb ekip, madje as ai i Babagjyshit t\u00eb Dimrit, nuk do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshonte dat\u00ebn \u2014 migrimi i sistemit SAP p\u00ebr menaxhimin e magazin\u00ebs mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb vit. Nga 31 dhjetori deri m\u00eb 1 janar, magazinat e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb shit\u00ebsit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb si 20 fusha futbolli, ndalojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn p\u00ebr 15 or\u00eb. Dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm intervali i vet\u00ebm i koh\u00ebs p\u00ebr migrimin e sistemit. Nuk kishim t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr gabime n\u00eb futjen e server\u00ebve. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb sqaroj menj\u00ebher\u00eb: tregimi im pasqyron mjete dhe procese menaxhimi t\u00eb konfigurimeve q\u00eb ekipi yn\u00eb aplikon.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nKombinimi i menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga disa nivele. Komponenti ky\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi CMS. N\u00eb eksploitimin industrial, mungesa e nj\u00ebrit prej niveleve do t\u00eb \u00e7onte patjet\u00ebr n\u00eb mrekulli t\u00eb pak\u00ebndshme.<\/p>\n<h1>Menaxhimi i instalimit t\u00eb OS<\/h1>\n<p>\nNiveli i par\u00eb \u2014 \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi p\u00ebr menaxhimin e instalimit t\u00eb sistemeve operative n\u00eb server\u00eb fizik\u00eb dhe virtual\u00eb. Ai krijon konfigurimet themelore t\u00eb OS-s\u00eb, duke e \u00e7liruar nga faktori njeri. <\/p>\n<p>Me k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem, ne fitonim tipe dhe ekzemplar\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr automatizim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb server\u00ebve me OS. Gjat\u00eb 'derdhjes', ata merrnin nj\u00eb grup minimal t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve lokal\u00eb dhe \u00e7el\u00ebsa publik\u00eb SSH, si dhe nj\u00eb konfiguracion t\u00eb koordinuar t\u00eb OS. Ne mundeshim t\u00eb menaxhonim me siguri server\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes CMS dhe ishim t\u00eb sigurt se 'n\u00eb fund', n\u00eb nivelin e OS, nuk kishte surpriza. <\/p>\n<p>Detyra 'maksimale' p\u00ebr sistemin e menaxhimit t\u00eb instalimit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb konfiguroj\u00eb automatikisht server\u00ebt nga niveli BIOS\/Firmware deri te OS. Shum\u00eb varet k\u00ebtu nga pajisjet dhe detyrat e konfigurimit. P\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme, mund t\u00eb shqyrtohet <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dmtf.org\/standards\/redfish\">REDFISH API<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00ebse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 'hekurat' jan\u00eb nga nj\u00eb shit\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren mjetet e menaxhimit t\u00eb gatshme (p.sh., HP ILO Amplifier, DELL OpenManage etj.).<\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr instalimin e OS n\u00eb server\u00ebt fizik\u00eb, ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm Cobbler, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuar nj\u00eb grup profilash instalimi t\u00eb koordinuar me sh\u00ebrbimin e operacioneve. Kur nj\u00eb server i ri shtohej n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb, inxhinieri lidhte adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb serverit me profilin e nevojsh\u00ebm n\u00eb Cobbler. N\u00eb ngarkimin e par\u00eb n\u00eb rrjet, serveri merrte nj\u00eb adres\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme dhe nj\u00eb OS t\u00eb re. Pastaj e transferonin n\u00eb VLAN\/en\u00eb e synuar\/IP-adresimin dhe vazhdonin pun\u00ebn aty. Po, nd\u00ebrrimi i VLAN merr koh\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkon koordinim, por ofron mbrojtje shtes\u00eb nga instalimi aksidental t\u00eb serverit n\u00eb ambientin e prodhimit.<\/p>\n<p>Server\u00ebt virtual\u00eb i krijonim mbi baz\u00ebn e shablloneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura me HashiCorp Packer. Arsyeja ishte e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb: p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar gabimet e mundshme njer\u00ebzore gjat\u00eb instalimit t\u00eb OS. Por, ndryshe nga server\u00ebt fizik\u00eb, Packer lejon mos p\u00ebrdorimin e PXE, ngarkimit n\u00eb rrjet dhe nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb VLAN. Kjo e leht\u00ebsoi dhe thjeshtoi krijimin e server\u00ebve virtual\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/8cde23a4ad2ba1573bc88ec174bfe6b5.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fig. 1. Menaxhimi i instalimit t\u00eb sistemeve operative.<\/i><\/p>\n<h1>Menaxhimi i sekreteve<\/h1>\n<p>\n\u00c7do sistem menaxhimi i konfig\u016brimeve p\u00ebrmban t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb fshehura nga p\u00ebrdoruesit e zakonsh\u00ebm, por jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgatitjen e sistemeve. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimet e p\u00ebrdoruesve lokal\u00eb dhe llogarive sh\u00ebrbyese, \u00e7el\u00ebsat e certifikatave, API Tokens t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm etj. Zakonisht quhen 'sekrete'.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse nga fillimi nuk p\u00ebrcaktohet se ku dhe si t\u00eb ruhet k\u00ebto sekrete, at\u00ebher\u00eb, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb rrepta t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb informacionit, mund t\u00eb ndodhin k\u00ebto m\u00ebnyra ruajtjeje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>direkt n\u00eb kodin e menaxhimit t\u00eb konfiguracionit ose n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb repositorin;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb mjetet e specializuara t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve (p.sh., Ansible Vault);<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemet CI\/CD (Jenkins\/TeamCity\/GitLab\/etj.) ose n\u00eb sistemet e menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve (Ansible Tower\/Ansible AWX);<\/li>\n<li>po ashtu sekretet mund t\u00eb transmetohen p\u00ebrmes \"menaxhimit manual\". P\u00ebr shembull, vendosen n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb caktuar dhe pastaj p\u00ebrdoren nga sistemet e menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve;<\/li>\n<li>kombinime t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00c7do metod\u00eb ka disavantazhet e saj. Disavantazhi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e politikave t\u00eb qasjes p\u00ebr sekretet: \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur ose e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet kush mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb k\u00ebto sekrete. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr minus \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e auditi t\u00eb qasjes dhe nj\u00eb cikli t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Si mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet shpejt nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs publik q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb kod dhe n\u00eb rrethin e sistemit t\u00eb lidhur?<\/p>\n<p>Ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm nj\u00eb depo t\u00eb centralizuar p\u00ebr sekretet HashiCorp Vault. Kjo na lejoi: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb sekretet n\u00eb siguri. Ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb kriptuara, dhe edhe n\u00ebse dikush fiton qasje n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb depozit\u00ebs Vault (p.sh., duke e rikuperuar at\u00eb nga nj\u00eb kopje rezerv\u00eb), nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb lexoj\u00eb sekretet q\u00eb jan\u00eb ruajtur aty; <\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb organizojm\u00eb politikat e qasjes p\u00ebr sekretet. P\u00ebrdoruesit dhe aplikacionet kan\u00eb qasje vet\u00ebm n\u00eb sekretet \"e dedikuara\" p\u00ebr ta;<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb kryejm\u00eb auditimin e qasjes p\u00ebr sekretet. \u00c7do veprim mbi sekretet regjistrohet n\u00eb regjistrin e auditit t\u00eb Vault;<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb organizojm\u00eb nj\u00eb \"cik\u00ebl t\u00eb plot\u00eb\" t\u00eb pun\u00ebs me sekretet. Ato mund t\u00eb krijohen, revokohen, t'u caktohet nj\u00eb afat dhe etj.<\/li>\n<li>t\u00eb integrohemi leht\u00eb me sistemet e tjera q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb sekretet;<\/li>\n<li>dhe gjithashtu t\u00eb aplikojm\u00eb enkriptim end-to-end, fjal\u00ebkalime t\u00eb nj\u00ebhershme p\u00ebr OS dhe DB, certifikata nga organet e autorizuara etj. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTani kalojm\u00eb te sistemi qendror i autentifikimit dhe autorizimit. Mund t\u00eb kalohej pa t\u00eb, por administrimi i p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh sistemesh shoq\u00ebrues \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i komplikuar. Ne konfigurour autentifikimin dhe autorizimin p\u00ebrmes sh\u00ebrbimit LDAP. N\u00ebse jo, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin Vault do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb l\u00ebshoheshin vazhdimisht dhe t\u00eb mbaheshin regjistrat e tokeneve t\u00eb autentifikimit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit. Dhe shtimi dhe heqja e p\u00ebrdoruesve do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb quest \"a e kam krijuar\/hequr k\u00ebt\u00eb ID n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vendet?\" <\/p>\n<p>Shtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb sistemin ton\u00eb: menaxhimin e sekretet dhe autentikimin\/autoritetin qendror;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/993e863417898c39940fe0bc9ee55b1e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fig. 2. Menaxhimi i sekretet.<\/i><\/p>\n<h1>Menaxhimi i konfigureve<\/h1>\n<p>\nArrit\u00ebm n\u00eb zem\u00ebr \u2014 n\u00eb sistemin CMS. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb lidhja Ansible dhe Red Hat Ansible AWX. <\/p>\n<p>Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren edhe Chef, Puppet, SaltStack n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Ansible. Ne zgjodh\u00ebm Ansible p\u00ebr disa kritere. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb universaliteti. Grupi i moduleve t\u00eb gatshme p\u00ebr menaxhim <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.ansible.com\/ansible\/latest\/modules\/modules_by_category.html\">b\u00ebn p\u00ebrshtypje<\/a><\/noindex>. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mungon, mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni n\u00eb GitHub dhe Galaxy. <\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb dyti, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb instaloni dhe mbani agjent\u00eb n\u00eb pajisjet e menaxhuara, t\u00eb provoni q\u00eb ata nuk pengojn\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb konfirmoni munges\u00ebn e '\u00e7erdheve'. <\/li>\n<li>S\u00eb treti, Ansible ka nj\u00eb prag t\u00eb ul\u00ebt hyrjeje. Nj\u00eb inxhinier i aft\u00eb do t\u00eb shkruaj\u00eb nj\u00eb playbook funksional pothuajse n\u00eb dit\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs me produktin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPor Ansible vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient industrial nuk ishte e mjaftueshme. P\u00ebrndryshe do t\u00eb kishte shum\u00eb probleme me kufizimin e aksesit dhe auditimin e veprimeve t\u00eb administrator\u00ebve. Si t\u00eb kufizojm\u00eb aksesin? Sepse ishte e nevojshme q\u00eb secila nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb menaxhonte (lexo \u2014 t\u00eb ekzekutonte Ansible playbook) grupin e saj t\u00eb server\u00ebve. Si mund t\u00eb lejohet ekzekutimi i nj\u00eb Ansible playbook specifik vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr disa punonj\u00ebs? Ose si mund t\u00eb kontrollohet kush e ekzekutoi playbook-un, pa krijuar shum\u00eb UZ lokale n\u00eb serverat dhe pajisjet e menaxhuara nga Ansible?<\/p>\n<p>Shumic\u00ebn e pyetjeve t\u00eb ngjashme e zgjidh Red Hat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ansible.com\/products\/tower\">Ansible Tower<\/a><\/noindex>, ose projekti i tij open-source upstream <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ansible\/awx\">Ansible AWX<\/a><\/noindex>. Prandaj, ne e preferuam at\u00eb p\u00ebr klientin. <\/p>\n<p>Dhe nj\u00eb detaj tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr portretin e sistemit ton\u00eb CMS. Ansible playbook duhet t\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb sistemet e menaxhimit t\u00eb repository-t t\u00eb kodit. N\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/about.gitlab.com\/install\/\">GitLab CE<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Pra, vet\u00eb konfigurat e menaxhuara p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje nga Ansible\/Ansible AWX\/GitLab (shih. Figur\u00ebn 3). Sigurisht, AWX\/GitLab jan\u00eb t\u00eb integruar me nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb vet\u00ebm autentikimi, nd\u00ebrsa Ansible playbook \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me HashiCorp Vault. Konfigurat kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb ambientin e prodhimit vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes Ansible AWX, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin jan\u00eb t\u00eb vendosura t\u00eb gjitha 'rregullat e loj\u00ebs': kush dhe \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb konfiguroj\u00eb, nga ku t\u00eb merret kodi p\u00ebr menaxhimin e konfigureve p\u00ebr CMS, etj.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f4f5b3904a2145d7283cd52f921bca89.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Figura 3. Menaxhimi i konfigureve.<\/i><\/p>\n<h1>Menaxhimi i testimit<\/h1>\n<p>\nKonfigurat tona paraqiten si kod. Prandaj, ne duhet t\u00eb luajm\u00eb sipas t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave rregulla si zhvilluesit e softuerit. Na nevojitej t\u00eb organizonim proceset e zhvillimit, testimit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm, shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe aplikimit t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb konfigureve n\u00eb server\u00ebt e prodhimit.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00ebse kjo nuk b\u00ebhet menj\u00ebher\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb rolet e shkruara p\u00ebr konfigurimin do t\u00eb ndalojn\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet dhe t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb, ose do t\u00eb ndalen s\u00eb ekzekutimi n\u00eb production. Mjekimi p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dhimbje \u00ebsht\u00eb i njohur dhe ka funksionuar mir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb projekt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00e7do rol mbulohet me teste modulare;<\/li>\n<li>testet ekzekutohen automatikisht me \u00e7do ndryshim n\u00eb kodin q\u00eb menaxhon konfigurimet;<\/li>\n<li>ndryshimet n\u00eb kodin e menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb ambientin production vet\u00ebm pas kalimit me sukses t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha testeve dhe shqyrtimit t\u00eb kodit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZhvillimi i kodit dhe menaxhimi i konfigurimeve jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb qet\u00eb dhe parashikues. P\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar testimin e vazhduesh\u00ebm, ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm mjetet GitLab CI\/CD, dhe si korniz\u00eb p\u00ebr organizimin e testeve mor\u00ebm <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/molecule.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/\">Ansible Molecule<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Me \u00e7do ndryshim n\u00eb kodin e menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve, GitLab CI\/CD th\u00ebrret Molecule: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ajo kontrollon sintaks\u00ebn e kodit, <\/li>\n<li>ngre nj\u00eb kontejner Docker, <\/li>\n<li>aplikon kodin e ndryshuar n\u00eb kontejnerin e krijuar, <\/li>\n<li>kontrollon rolin p\u00ebr idempotenc\u00eb dhe ekzekuton testet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb kod (granariteti k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e robit ansible, shih. Fig. 4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKonfigurimet n\u00eb ambientin production i shp\u00ebrndanim me ndihm\u00ebn e Ansible AWX. Inxhinier\u00ebt e p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr operimin aplikonin ndryshimet n\u00eb konfigurim p\u00ebrmes \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u00ebve t\u00eb parap\u00ebrcaktuar. AWX automatikisht, n\u00eb \u00e7do aplikim, 'k\u00ebrkonte' versionin m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb kodit nga dega master e GitLab. K\u00ebshtu ne p\u00ebrjashtuam p\u00ebrdorimin e kodit t\u00eb pa verifikuar ose t\u00eb vjetruar n\u00eb ambientin production. Natyrisht, kodi n\u00eb deg\u00ebn master hynte vet\u00ebm pas testimit, shqyrtimit dhe miratimit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/aa8f6205f05792a6a1120ad7360ab102.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fig. 4. Testimi automatik i roleve n\u00eb GitLab CI\/CD.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ka ende nj\u00eb problem q\u00eb lidhet me operimin e sistemeve production. N\u00eb jet\u00ebn reale \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebsh ndryshime n\u00eb konfigurim vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes kodit CMS. Paraqiten situata emergjente, kur inxhinieri duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb konfigurimin 'k\u00ebtu dhe tani', pa pritur rregullimin e kodit, testimin, miratimin etj.<\/p>\n<p>Si rezultat, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndryshimeve manuale, krijohen dallime n\u00eb konfigurim n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ngjashme (p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e HA-clusterit ka konfigurim t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb cil\u00ebsimeve sysctl). Ose konfigurimi real n\u00eb pajisje ndryshon nga ai q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb kodin CMS. <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c production-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421MS \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u00abdry run\u00bb, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 Ansible playbook \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u00ab&#8212;check\u00bb \u043d\u0430 production-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u0417\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c playbook, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 Ansible AWX (\u0441\u043c. \u0420\u0438\u0441. 5):<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/108a5a473f60ab76ee15f9334ebcbab7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fig. 5. Kontrolli i prishjeve t\u00eb konfigurimeve n\u00eb Ansible AWX.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Pas kontrolleve, AWX d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb raport mbi prishjet administrator\u00ebve. Ata shqyrtojn\u00eb konfigurimin problematik dhe m\u00eb pas e korrigjojn\u00eb at\u00eb p\u00ebrmes playbook t\u00eb korrigjuara. K\u00ebshtu ne mbajm\u00eb konfigurimin n\u00eb mjedisin e prodhimit dhe CMS gjithmon\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar dhe t\u00eb sinkronizuar. Kjo na shp\u00ebton nga \"mrekullit\u00eb\" e pak\u00ebndshme, kur kodi i CMS aplikohet n\u00eb serverat \"live\".<\/p>\n<p>Tani kemi nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm testimi, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga Ansible AWX\/GitLab\/Molecule (Fig. 6).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nj\u00eb thriller p\u00ebr konfigurimin e server\u00ebve pa mrekulli me menaxhimin e konfigurimit\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/f487f5603e90b0c753fb9decf9018b11.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Fig. 6. Menaxhimi i testimit.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>E v\u00ebshtir\u00eb? Nuk e kund\u00ebrshtoj. Por ky kompleks i menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve u b\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje e plot\u00eb ndaj shum\u00eb pyetjeve q\u00eb lidhen me automatizimin e shtrimit t\u00eb serverave. Tani, pikat e shitjes kan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb konfigurim t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar me sakt\u00ebsi p\u00ebr serverat standard. CMS, ndryshe nga inxhinieri, nuk do t\u00eb harroj\u00eb t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e nevojshme, t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe t\u00eb ekzekutoj\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra ose qindra cil\u00ebsira t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb konfigurimet e server\u00ebve dhe mjediseve sot nuk ka \"njohuri t\u00eb fshehta\". T\u00eb gjitha karakteristikat e nevojshme jan\u00eb pasqyruar n\u00eb playbook. Asnj\u00eb kreativitet dhe instrukcione t\u00eb paqarta m\u00eb: \"<i>shkruaj si nj\u00eb Oracle t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, por atje nevojiten disa configurime sysctl, dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit me UID t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm duhet t\u00eb shtohen. Pyesni djemt\u00eb nga operacionet, ata e din\u00eb.<\/i>\u00bb. <\/p>\n<p>Kapaciteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar prishjet e konfigurimeve dhe p\u00ebr t'i korrigjuar ato paraprakisht ofron qet\u00ebsi. Pa nj\u00eb sistem menaxhimi t\u00eb konfigurimeve, kjo zakonisht duket ndryshe. Problemet grumbullohen derisa nj\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb \"shkrepin\" n\u00eb prodhim. Pastaj b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb, verifikohen dhe rregullohen konfigurimet. Dhe cikli p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet s\u00ebrish. <\/p>\n<p>Dhe sigurisht, ne e shpejt\u00ebsuam vendosjen e server\u00ebve n\u00eb funksion nga disa dit\u00eb n\u00eb or\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>E pra festa e natale, kur f\u00ebmij\u00ebt me g\u00ebzim hapnin dhuratat dhe t\u00eb rriturit b\u00ebnin d\u00ebshira n\u00ebn zhurm\u00ebn e or\u00ebs, inxhinier\u00ebt tan\u00eb migronin sistemin SAP n\u00eb servera t\u00eb rinj. Edhe Babagjyshi i Krismas do t\u00eb thoshte se mrekullit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb bukura jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur mir\u00eb. <\/p>\n<p>P.S. Ekipi yn\u00eb shpesh p\u00ebrballet me faktin q\u00eb klient\u00ebt duan t\u00eb zgjidhin detyrat e menaxhimit t\u00eb konfigurimeve sa m\u00eb thjesht t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur. Idealisht, ashtu si me magji \u2014 me nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Por n\u00eb jet\u00eb, gj\u00ebrat jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara (po, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri nuk erdh\u00ebn plumbat e argjendit): \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb proces i t\u00ebr\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e mjeteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr ekipin e klientit.<\/p>\n<p><i>Autori: Sergei Artemov, arkitekt i departamentit <\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.jet.su\/about\/company\/structure\/?set_filter_structure=Y&amp;structure_UF_DEPARTMENT=56656\"><i>Zgjidhjeve DevOps<\/i><\/a><\/noindex><i> \u00abInfositteme Jet\u00bb<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/jetinfosystems\/blog\/513132\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0414\u0435\u0434\u0443 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0444\u0435\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436. \u0412 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0426\u041e\u0414 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":90387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - 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