{"id":91048,"date":"2020-08-08T01:42:02","date_gmt":"2020-08-07T23:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-stoit-polzovatsya-offset-i-limit-v-zaprosah-s-razbieniem-na-straniczy"},"modified":"2020-08-08T01:42:02","modified_gmt":"2020-08-07T23:42:02","slug":"ne-stoit-polzovatsya-offset-i-limit-v-zaprosah-s-razbieniem-na-straniczy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ne-stoit-polzovatsya-offset-i-limit-v-zaprosah-s-razbieniem-na-straniczy","title":{"rendered":"Nuk ia vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni OFFSET dhe LIMIT n\u00eb pyetjet me paginim","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kan\u00eb kaluar koh\u00ebt kur nuk ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoheshe p\u00ebr optimizimin e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Koha ec\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara. \u00c7do sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs i ri n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e teknologjis\u00eb synon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb Facebook-un e radh\u00ebs, duke u p\u00ebrpjekur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb. K\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna i duhen biznesit p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajnuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb modelet q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb gjenerimin e t\u00eb ardhurave. N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, programuesit duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb API q\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb besueshme me v\u00ebllime shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha informacioni.<\/p>\n

\"Nuk<\/a><\/noindex>
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nN\u00ebse prej disa koh\u00ebsh merreni me projektimin e pjes\u00ebs server-side t\u00eb aplikacioneve ose t\u00eb bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb keni shkruar kod p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e pyetjeve me paginim. P\u00ebr shembull, di\u00e7ka e till\u00eb:<\/p>\n

SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10 OFFSET 40\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDuket n\u00eb rregull, apo jo?<\/p>\n
Por n\u00ebse e keni zbatuar paginimin pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, me keqardhje duhet t\u00eb them se nuk e keni b\u00ebr\u00eb aspak n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb efikase.<\/p>\n
Doni t\u00eb m\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtoni? Mund t\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> jo<\/a><\/noindex> shpenzoni<\/a><\/noindex> koh\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>. Slack<\/a><\/noindex>, Shopify<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Mixmax<\/a><\/noindex> tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin qasjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat dua t\u00eb flas sot.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrmendni t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb zhvillues backend-i q\u00eb nuk ka p\u00ebrdorur kurr\u00eb OFFSET<\/code> dhe KUFIZO<\/code> p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar pyetje me paginim. N\u00eb nj\u00eb MVP (Minimum Viable Product, produkt minimal i zbatuesh\u00ebm) dhe n\u00eb projekte ku p\u00ebrdoren v\u00ebllime t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, kjo qasje \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht e pranueshme. Mund t\u00eb thuhet se \u201cthjesht funksionon\u201d.<\/p>\n
Por n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen nga e para sisteme t\u00eb besueshme dhe efikase, ia vlen t\u00eb mendoni q\u00eb her\u00ebt p\u00ebr efikasitetin e ekzekutimit t\u00eb pyetjeve ndaj bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n
Sot do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr problemet q\u00eb shoq\u00ebrojn\u00eb zbatimet e p\u00ebrdorura gjer\u00ebsisht (fatkeq\u00ebsisht k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb) t\u00eb mekanizmave p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e pyetjeve me paginim dhe p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si t\u00eb arrihet performanc\u00eb e lart\u00eb gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb pyetjeve t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far\u00eb nuk shkon me OFFSET dhe LIMIT?<\/h2>\n
\nSi\u00e7 u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, OFFSET<\/code> dhe KUFIZO<\/code> japin rezultate t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera n\u00eb projekte ku nuk ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb punohet me v\u00ebllime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash.<\/p>\n
Problemi lind kur baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave rritet deri n\u00eb at\u00eb pik\u00eb sa nuk futet m\u00eb n\u00eb memorien e serverit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren edhe pyetje me paginim.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb ky problem t\u00eb shfaqet, duhet t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn DBMS p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb operacion joefikas t\u00eb skanimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs (Full Table Scan) gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb \u00e7do k\u00ebrkese me ndarje n\u00eb faqe, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodhin edhe operacione t\u00eb futjes dhe fshirjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vjetruara nuk na duhen.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abskanimi i plot\u00eb i tabel\u00ebs\u00bb (ose \u00abshikimi sekuencial i tabel\u00ebs\u00bb, Sequential Scan)? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilit DBMS lexon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme \u00e7do rresht t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs, pra t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban ajo, dhe i kontrollon ato p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhje me kushtin e caktuar. Dihet se ky lloj skanimi tabele \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ngadalshmi. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjat\u00eb tij kryhen shum\u00eb operacione hyrje\/dalje q\u00eb ngarkojn\u00eb n\u00ebnsistemin e diskut t\u00eb serverit. Situat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb vonesat q\u00eb shoq\u00ebrojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ruajtura n\u00eb disqe, si edhe fakti q\u00eb transferimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga disku n\u00eb memorie \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb burime.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr shembull, keni regjistrime p\u00ebr 100000000 p\u00ebrdorues dhe ekzekutoni nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb me konstruktin OFFSET 50000000<\/code>. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se DBMS do t\u00eb duhet t'i ngarkoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto regjistrime (ndon\u00ebse as nuk na duhen!), t'i vendos\u00eb n\u00eb memorie dhe vet\u00ebm pas k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb marr\u00eb, t\u00eb themi, 20 rezultate, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat flitet te KUFIZO<\/code>.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr shembull, kjo mund t\u00eb duket k\u00ebshtu: \u00abzgjidh rreshtat nga 50000 deri n\u00eb 50020 nga 100000\u00bb. Pra, q\u00eb sistemi ta ekzekutoj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn, fillimisht do t'i duhet t\u00eb ngarkoj\u00eb 50000 rreshta. E shihni sa shum\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb panevojshme do t'i duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb?<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse nuk besoni, hidhini nj\u00eb sy shembullit q\u00eb kam krijuar duke p\u00ebrdorur mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e db-fiddle.com<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\"Nuk
\nShembull n\u00eb db-fiddle.com<\/i><\/p>\n
Atje, majtas, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn Schema SQL<\/code>, ndodhet kodi q\u00eb fut n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave 100000 rreshta, nd\u00ebrsa djathtas, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn Query SQL<\/code>, shfaqen dy k\u00ebrkesa. E para, e ngadalta, duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n
SELECT *\nFROM `docs`\nLIMIT 10 OFFSET 85000;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNd\u00ebrsa e dyta, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb zgjidhje efikase p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn detyr\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n
SELECT *\nFROM `docs`\nWHERE id > 85000\nLIMIT 10;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nP\u00ebr t'i ekzekutuar k\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa, mjafton t\u00eb shtypni butonin Ekzekuto<\/code> n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme t\u00eb faqes. Pasi ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, le t\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb informacionin p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e ekzekutimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave. Rezulton se ekzekutimi i nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkese joefikase k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 30 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb sesa ekzekutimi i s\u00eb dyt\u00ebs (nga nj\u00eb nisje n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn kjo koh\u00eb ndryshon; p\u00ebr shembull, sistemi mund t\u00eb raportoj\u00eb se p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb u desh\u00ebn 37 ms, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn \u2014 1 ms).<\/p>\n
Dhe n\u00ebse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb duket edhe m\u00eb keq (p\u00ebr t'u bindur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, hidhni nj\u00eb sy te materiali im \u00ebsht\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> me 10 milion\u00eb rreshta).<\/p>\n
Ajo q\u00eb sapo diskutuam duhet t'ju jap\u00eb nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb caktuar se si, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, p\u00ebrpunohen k\u00ebrkesat ndaj bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n
Kini parasysh se sa m\u00eb e madhe t\u00eb jet\u00eb vlera e OFFSET<\/code> \u2014 aq m\u00eb gjat\u00eb do t\u00eb ekzekutohet k\u00ebrkesa.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far\u00eb duhet p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb kombinimit OFFSET dhe LIMIT?<\/h2>\n
\nN\u00eb vend t\u00eb kombinimit OFFSET<\/code> dhe KUFIZO<\/code> duhet p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb konstrukt i nd\u00ebrtuar sipas k\u00ebsaj skeme:<\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE id > 10 LIMIT 20\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb ekzekutim i k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs me faqezuar t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb kursor (Cursor based pagination).<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb ruhen lokalisht vlerat aktuale t\u00eb OFFSET<\/code> dhe KUFIZO<\/code> dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen me \u00e7do k\u00ebrkes\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb ruhet \u00e7el\u00ebsi primar i fundit i marr\u00eb (zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb ID<\/code>) dhe KUFIZO<\/code>, dhe si rezultat do t\u00eb merren k\u00ebrkesa t\u00eb ngjashme me at\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrmen.<\/p>\n
Pse? Sepse, duke treguar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb identifikuesin e rreshtit t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb lexuar, i tregoni SGBD-s\u00eb suaj se nga ku duhet t\u00eb filloj\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nevojshme. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, fal\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsit, k\u00ebrkimi do t\u00eb kryhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase dhe sistemi nuk do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrqendrohet nga rreshtat q\u00eb ndodhen jasht\u00eb intervalit t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar.<\/p>\n
Le t\u00eb shohim krahasimin e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb ndryshme. Ja nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb joefikase.<\/p>\n
\"Nuk
\nK\u00ebrkes\u00eb e ngadalt\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrsa kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb versioni i optimizuar i k\u00ebsaj k\u00ebrkese.<\/p>\n
\"Nuk
\nK\u00ebrkes\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb<\/i><\/p>\n
T\u00eb dyja k\u00ebrkesat kthejn\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin volum t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Por e para k\u00ebrkon 12,80 sekonda p\u00ebr t'u ekzekutuar, nd\u00ebrsa e dyta \u2014 0,01 sekonda. E ndieni diferenc\u00ebn?<\/p>\n
Probleme t\u00eb mundshme<\/h2>\n
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar funksionim efikas t\u00eb metod\u00ebs s\u00eb propozuar p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e k\u00ebrkesave, tabela duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbaj\u00eb nj\u00eb kolon\u00eb (ose kolona) me indekse unike t\u00eb renditura n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme, si p.sh. nj\u00eb identifikues numerik. N\u00eb disa raste specifike, kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb vendimtare p\u00ebr suksesin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre lloj k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e pun\u00ebs me baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n
Natyrisht, gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave duhet t\u00eb merren parasysh ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb tabelave dhe t\u00eb zgjidhen mekanizmat q\u00eb japin rezultatet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira n\u00eb tabelat ekzistuese. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse n\u00eb k\u00ebrkesa duhet t\u00eb punoni me v\u00ebllime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura, mund t\u2019ju duket interesante kjo<\/a><\/noindex> artikull.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse p\u00ebrballemi me problemin e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi par\u00ebsor, p\u00ebr shembull kur kemi nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb me marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie \u00abshum\u00eb-me-shum\u00eb\u00bb, at\u00ebher\u00eb qasja tradicionale, q\u00eb parashikon p\u00ebrdorimin e OFFSET<\/code> dhe KUFIZO<\/code>, do t\u00eb na p\u00ebrshtatet me siguri. Por p\u00ebrdorimi i saj mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ekzekutimin e k\u00ebrkesave potencialisht t\u00eb ngadalta. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tilla, do t\u00eb rekomandoja p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi par\u00ebsor me auto-increment, edhe n\u00ebse nevojitet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr organizimin e ekzekutimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave me ndarje n\u00eb faqe.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse ju intereson kjo tem\u00eb \u2014 ja<\/a><\/noindex>, ja<\/a><\/noindex> dhe ja<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 disa materiale t\u00eb dobishme.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrfundime<\/h2>\n
\nP\u00ebrfundimi kryesor q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxjerrim \u00ebsht\u00eb se, pavar\u00ebsisht madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb baz\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, duhet analizuar gjithmon\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsia e ekzekutimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn ton\u00eb, shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebria e zgjidhjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe, n\u00ebse q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb pun\u00ebs mbi nj\u00eb sistem gjith\u00e7ka projektohet si\u00e7 duhet, kjo n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen mund ta kursej\u00eb zhvilluesin nga shum\u00eb probleme.<\/p>\n
Si i analizoni dhe i optimizoni k\u00ebrkesat ndaj bazave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave?<\/b><\/p>\n
\"Nuk<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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