{"id":94574,"date":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2"},"modified":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","slug":"vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"Zgjedhja e stilit arkitektonik (pjesa 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, Habr. Sot po vazhdoj serin\u00eb e publikimeve q\u00eb kam shkruar posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr fillimin e nj\u00eb fluksi t\u00eb ri t\u00eb kursit \u00abArkitekt Softueri\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hyrje<\/h2>\n

\nZgjedhja e stilit arkitektonik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga vendimmarrjet teknike m\u00eb themelore n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb sistemi informatik. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb seri artikujsh, propozoj t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb stilet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura arkitektonike p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e aplikacioneve dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjemi n\u00eb pyetjen se kur cili stil arkitektonik \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i preferuar. Gjat\u00eb paraqitjes, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb ndihmoj nj\u00eb zinxhir logjik q\u00eb shpjegon zhvillimin e stil\u00ebve arkitektonik\u00eb nga monolit\u00ebt n\u00eb mikrosh\u00ebrbime. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb her\u00ebn e kaluar<\/a><\/noindex> ne e kuptuam monolitin dhe arrit\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se monoliti ka disa probleme: madh\u00ebsia, lidhshm\u00ebria, shp\u00ebrndarja, shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebria, besueshm\u00ebria dhe ngurt\u00ebsia. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb propozoj t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e organizimit t\u00eb sistemit si nj\u00eb grup modulash\/librash (arkitektur\u00eb e orientuar nga komponent\u00ebt) ose sh\u00ebrbesh (arkitektur\u00eb e orientuar nga sh\u00ebrbimet).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Arkitektura e orientuar nga komponent\u00ebt<\/h2>\n

\nArkitektura e orientuar nga komponent\u00ebt parashikon realizimin e sistemit si nj\u00eb grup komponent\u00ebsh, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si n\u00eb projektet aktuale ashtu edhe n\u00eb ato t\u00eb ardhshme. Gjat\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb komponent\u00eb, merren parasysh: p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebria e tyre p\u00ebr rishfytim, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsueshm\u00ebria, pavar\u00ebsia nga konteksti, zgjerueshm\u00ebria, inkapsulimi dhe pavar\u00ebsia.<\/p>\n

Me p\u00ebrdorimin e duhur t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve, zgjidhet problemi i 't\u00eb madhit bllok i balt\u00ebs' (madh\u00ebsi e madhe + lidhshm\u00ebri e lart\u00eb), dhe vet\u00eb komponent\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb si nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit (modula, libra), ashtu edhe nj\u00ebsi shp\u00ebrndarjeje (sh\u00ebrbime). Nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndarjes nuk shfaqen gjithmon\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e ekzekutimit: p\u00ebr shembull, aplikacionet web dhe baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ndahen s\u00eb bashku. <\/p>\n

M\u00eb s\u00eb shpeshti, monolit\u00ebt zhvillohen si nj\u00eb grup modulash. Ky qasje \u00e7on n\u00eb sigurimin e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb zhvillimit, por problemet e shkall\u00ebzimit dhe shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb pavarur, q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb nga staku teknologjik i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt mbeten. Prandaj, moduli \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb komponent\u00eb pjes\u00ebrisht t\u00eb pavarur.<\/p>\n

Problemi kryesor i nj\u00eb monoliti t\u00eb till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ndarja n\u00eb module \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht logjike dhe mund t\u00eb prish\u00ebt leht\u00ebsisht nga zhvilluesit. Mund t\u00eb lind\u00eb nj\u00eb modul q\u00eb quhet core, i cili gradualisht shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb pleh\u00ebrishte, mund t\u00eb rritet grafiku i var\u00ebsive midis moduleve dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur k\u00ebto probleme, zhvillimi duhet t\u00eb kryhet ose nga nj\u00eb ekip shum\u00eb t\u00eb pjekur, ose n\u00ebn drejtimin e nj\u00eb \"arkitekti\" i cili merret me rishikimin e kodit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb dhe nd\u00ebshkon zhvilluesit q\u00eb shkelin struktur\u00ebn logjike. <\/p>\n

Monoliti \"ideal\" paraqet nj\u00eb grup moduleve t\u00eb ndara logjikisht, secili prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve shikon n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e vet t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.<\/p>\n

Arkitektura ndihmuese n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00ebse pranohet organizimi i sistemit si nj\u00eb grup sh\u00ebrbimesh, at\u00ebher\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ndihmuese n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim. Parimet e saj: nd\u00ebrveprueshm\u00ebria e aplikacioneve q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb orientuara ndaj p\u00ebrdoruesve, p\u00ebrdorimi i shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb biznesit, pavar\u00ebsia nga grupi i teknologjive dhe autonomi (evolucioni, shkall\u00ebzimi dhe p\u00ebrcaktimi i pavarur).<\/p>\n

Arkitektura ndihmuese n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim (SOA = service oriented architecture) zgjidh t\u00eb gjitha problemet e sh\u00ebnuara nga monoliti: kur duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim, preket vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim, dhe nj\u00eb API i definuar qart\u00eb ruan nj\u00eb inkapsulim t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb komponenteve. <\/p>\n

Por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka kaq e leht\u00eb: SOA \u00e7on n\u00eb lindjen e problemeve t\u00eb reja. Thirrjet e larg\u00ebta jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta se ato lokale, dhe rip\u00ebrkufizimi i detyrave nd\u00ebrmjet komponent\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb i shtrenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pas nj\u00eb kohe, mund\u00ebsia e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb pavarur \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e sh\u00ebrbimeve. N\u00ebse sh\u00ebrbimet duhet t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen s\u00eb bashku ose, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb rend t\u00eb caktuar, at\u00ebher\u00eb sistemi nuk mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si arkitektur\u00eb ndihmuese n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb monolit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb (i cili konsiderohet nj\u00eb anti-model jo vet\u00ebm nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i SOA-s, por edhe i arkitektur\u00ebs mikro-sh\u00ebrbimesh). <\/p>\n

Arkitektura ndihmuese n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim mb\u00ebshtetet mjaft mir\u00eb nga komuniteti arkitektonik dhe nga ofruesit. Kjo tregon ekzistenc\u00ebn e shum\u00eb kurseve dhe certifikimeve, dhe modele t\u00eb mir\u00ebpunuara. Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto \u00ebsht\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, autobusi i sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb korporatave (ESB = enterprise service bus). Megjithat\u00eb, ESB \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bagazh nga ofruesit, dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret domosdoshm\u00ebrisht n\u00eb SOA.<\/p>\n

Kulminacioni moment i arkitektur\u00ebs orientuar nga sh\u00ebrbimet ishte rreth vitit 2008, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ajo filloi t\u00eb bjer\u00eb, nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie q\u00eb u b\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e theksuar pas shfaqjes s\u00eb mikrosh\u00ebrbimeve (~2015).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n

\nPas diskutimit mbi mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e organizimit t\u00eb sistemeve informacioni n\u00eb form\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimesh dhe modulash, un\u00eb propozoj q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb parimet e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb mikrosh\u00ebrbimeve dhe t'i kushtojm\u00eb v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dallimit midis arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb mikrosh\u00ebrbimeve dhe asaj orientuar nga sh\u00ebrbimet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e ardhshme.<\/p>\n

\"Zgjedhja<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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