{"id":95716,"date":"2020-10-02T01:42:50","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T23:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp"},"modified":"2020-10-02T01:42:50","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T23:42:50","slug":"inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp","title":{"rendered":"Iniciativa DNS flag day 2020 p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemet me fragmentimin dhe mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb TCP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sot, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh sh\u00ebrbimesh DNS dhe prodhuesish t\u00eb DNS-server\u00ebve do t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb ngjarje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. DNS flag day 2020<\/a><\/noindex>, e cila ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb fokusohet n\u00eb zgjidhjen<\/a><\/noindex> problemi<\/a><\/noindex> me IP-fragmetimin gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb mesazheve DNS me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ngjarja e dyt\u00eb e till\u00eb, vitin e kaluar «Dita e flamurit DNS» ishte e fokusuar<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave EDNS. <\/p>\n

Pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e iniciativ\u00ebs Dita e Flamurit DNS 2020 k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb vendosin dimensionet e rekomanduara t\u00eb bufereve p\u00ebr EDNS n\u00eb arritje deri n\u00eb 1232 byte (p\u00ebrmasat MTU 1280 minus 48 byte p\u00ebr tituj), si dhe t\u00eb kaloj<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebrpunimin e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebrmes TCP si nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar p\u00ebr server\u00ebt. N\u00eb RFC 1035<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar vet\u00ebm mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr procesimin e k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebrmes UDP, nd\u00ebrsa TCP \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur si i d\u00ebshiruari, por jo i detyruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr funksionimin. RFC-t\u00eb e reja RFC 7766<\/a><\/noindex> dhe RFC 5966<\/a><\/noindex> shprehimisht e klasifikojn\u00eb TCP si nj\u00eb nga funksionalitetet e detyruara, t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin e duhur t\u00eb DNS. N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb iniciativ\u00ebs s\u00eb zhvilluar, propozohet forcimi i kalimit nga d\u00ebrgimi i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebrmes UDP n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e TCP n\u00eb raste kur dimensioni i vendosur i bufereve EDNS \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Ndryshimet e propozuara do t\u00eb eliminojn\u00eb konfuzionin me zgjedhjen e dimensionit t\u00eb bufereve EDNS dhe do t\u00eb zgjidhin problemin me fragmentimin e mesazheve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha UDP, procesi i t\u00eb cilave shpesh shkakton humbje paketa dhe kalime t\u00eb koh\u00ebs n\u00eb an\u00ebn e klientit. N\u00eb an\u00ebn e klientit, dimensioni i bufereve EDNS do t\u00eb jet\u00eb konstant, dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet e m\u00ebdha do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb klient p\u00ebrmes TCP. P\u00ebrjashtimi i d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb mesazheve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebrmes UDP gjithashtu do t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb problemet me hedhjen e pakove t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb disa firewall-e dhe do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb bllokimin. sulm<\/a><\/noindex> nga ndotja e caches DNS, q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb manipulimin e paketa UDP t\u00eb fraksionuara (n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb fraksione, fraksioni i dyt\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb krye me identifikuesin, prandaj mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfakej mjaftuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet vet\u00ebm kontrolla e shum\u00ebs).<\/p>\n

Duke filluar nga dita e sotme, ofruesit e DNS t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb iniciativ\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb CloudFlare, Quad 9, Cisco (OpenDNS) dhe Google, do t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb gradualisht<\/a><\/noindex> dimensionin e bufereve EDNS nga 4096 n\u00eb 1232 byte n\u00eb server\u00ebt e tyre DNS (ndryshimi EDNS do t\u00eb shtrihet p\u00ebr 4-6 jav\u00eb dhe me kalimin e koh\u00ebs do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb madh k\u00ebrkesash). P\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat UDP, q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrshtaten me kufizimin e ri, do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen p\u00ebrmes TCP. Prodhuesit e DNS-server\u00ebve, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb BIND, Unbound, Knot, NSD dhe PowerDNS, do t\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime me nd\u00ebrrimin e dimensionit t\u00eb bufereve EDNS nga 4096 n\u00eb 1232 byte si parazgjedhje. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, ndryshimet e b\u00ebra mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb probleme me zgjidhjen kur i drejtohemi server\u00ebve DNS, p\u00ebrgjigjet e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes UDP tejkalojn\u00eb 1232 byte dhe q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje p\u00ebrmes TCP. Eksperimenti i kryer nga Google tregoi q\u00eb ndryshimi i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb buferit EDNS nuk do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e d\u00ebshtimeve \u2014 me nj\u00eb bufer prej 4096 byte, numri i k\u00ebrkesave UDP t\u00eb prer\u00eb arrin 0.345%, dhe numri i p\u00ebrgjigjeve t\u00eb pakapshme t\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritura p\u00ebrmes TCP \u00ebsht\u00eb 0.115%. Me nj\u00eb bufer prej 1232 byte, k\u00ebto shifra jan\u00eb 0.367% dhe 0.116%. Kalimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes TCP n\u00eb niveli obligativ t\u00eb funksioneve t\u00eb DNS do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb probleme me nd\u00ebrveprimin me rreth 0.1% t\u00eb server\u00ebve DNS. Vihet re se n\u00eb kushtet moderne pa TCP, funksionimi i k\u00ebtyre server\u00ebve tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb jostabil.<\/p>\n

Administrator\u00ebt e server\u00ebve DNS autoritar\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb serveri i tyre p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr TCP n\u00eb portin rrjetor 53 dhe q\u00eb ky port TCP nuk bllokohet nga firewall-i. Nj\u00eb server DNS autoritar gjithashtu nuk duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje UDP, t\u00eb cilat tejkalojn\u00eb
\nmadh\u00ebsia e k\u00ebrkuar e buferit EDNS. N\u00eb server vet\u00eb, madh\u00ebsia e buferit EDNS duhet t\u00eb vendoset n\u00eb 1232 byte. K\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr resolver\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta \u2014 mund\u00ebsia obligative p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjur p\u00ebrmes TCP, mb\u00ebshtetje obligative p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb rip\u00ebrs\u00ebritura p\u00ebrmes TCP kur merr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb prer\u00eb UDP dhe vendosja e buferit EDNS n\u00eb 1232 byte.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr konfigurimin e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb buferit EDNS n\u00eb server\u00ebt e ndrysh\u00ebm DNS, p\u00ebrgjigjen k\u00ebto parametra:<\/p>\n

  • BIND\n

    options {
    \n edns-udp-size 1232;
    \n max-udp-size 1232;
    \n };<\/p>\n

  • Knot DNS\n

    max-udp-payload: 1232<\/p>\n

  • Knot Resolver\n

    net.bufsize(1232)<\/p>\n

  • PowerDNS Authoritative\n

    udp-truncation-threshold=1232<\/p>\n

  • PowerDNS Recursor\n

    edns-outgoing-bufsize=1232
    \n udp-truncation-threshold=1232<\/p>\n

  • Unbound\n

    edns-buffer-size: 1232<\/p>\n

  • NSD\n

    ipv4-edns-size: 1232
    \n ipv6-edns-size: 1232<\/p>\n

    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 DNS flag day 2020, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 IP-\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 «DNS flag day» \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 EDNS. \u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b DNS flag day 2020 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 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