{"id":97104,"date":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov"},"modified":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","slug":"packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","title":{"rendered":"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Topologjia e rrjetit<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/d60e4594ba0528414e58fff3ccb1e8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Detyrat<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Krijimi i rrug\u00ebs statike thelb\u00ebsore si e paracaktuar<\/li>\n<li>Zhvillimi i rrug\u00ebs statike kreshend\u00ebse<\/li>\n<li>Kontrollimi i kalimit n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn statike kreshend\u00ebse n\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs thelb\u00ebsore<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Informacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrandaj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar, disa fjal\u00eb rreth asaj \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb statike, madje edhe kreshend\u00ebse. Ndryshe nga rrug\u00ebtimi dinamik, rrug\u00ebtimi statik k\u00ebrkon nd\u00ebrtimin e pavarur t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb caktuar. Rruga statike kreshend\u00ebse sh\u00ebrben p\u00ebr ofrimin e nj\u00eb rruge rezerv\u00eb deri te rrjeti i destinacionit n\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs thelb\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n<p>Duke marr\u00eb shembuj nga rrjeti yn\u00eb, \u2018Routeri Kufitar\u2019 p\u00ebr momentin ka vet\u00ebm rrug\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me rrjetet ISP1, ISP2, LAN_1 dhe LAN_2.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a696205f8c9e062d9ada51fda3de9e21.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Krijimi i rrug\u00ebs statike thelb\u00ebsore si e paracaktuar<\/h2>\n<p>\nPara se t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn rezerv\u00eb, fillimisht duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb rrug\u00ebn thelb\u00ebsore. Le t\u00eb themi se rruga thelb\u00ebsore nga routeri kufitar do t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes ISP1 n\u00eb rrjetin Internet, nd\u00ebrsa rruga p\u00ebrmes ISP2 do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rezerv\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb routerin kufitar n\u00eb modin e konfigurimit global do t\u00eb vendosim nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb statike si e paracaktuar:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/0 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nku:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>32 bit t\u00eb par\u00eb zero \u2014 adresa e rrjetit t\u00eb destinacionit; <\/li>\n<li>32 bit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb zero \u2014 maska e rrjetit; <\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/0 \u2014 nd\u00ebrfaqja dal\u00ebse e router-it kufitar, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me rrjetin ISP1. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nKy regjistrim tregon se n\u00ebse paketat q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb router-in kufitar nga rrjetet LAN_1 ose LAN_2 p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb adres\u00ebn e rrjetit t\u00eb destinacionit q\u00eb nuk ndodhet n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs, ato do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes s0\/0\/0. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bc28d8bfebe2fc75d81ab0817588ba15.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLe t\u00eb kontrollojm\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb router-it kufitar dhe t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb echo nga <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/\"   title=\"server web\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1158\">server web<\/a> PC-A ose PC-B:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9cad9e3ba223c822c5e8d5f87e55e5b9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f38b705b02f9c820bc1eb6db23276e19.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV\u00ebrejm\u00eb se n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar regjistrimi i rrug\u00ebs statike t\u00eb paracaktuar (si\u00e7 tregon regjistrimi S*). T\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb gjurmim t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs nga PC-A ose PC-B n\u00eb ueb-<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"serverit\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3663\">serverit<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/449b5e7228c87f188d421378a5e2465c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKalohet i pari nga PC-B n\u00eb adres\u00ebn lokale IP t\u00eb router-it kufitar 192.168.11.1. Kalimi i dyt\u00eb \u2014 nga router-i kufitar n\u00eb 10.10.10.1 (ISP1). E mbajm\u00eb mend, m\u00eb von\u00eb do ta krahasojm\u00eb kalimin.<\/p>\n<h2>Zhvillimi i rrug\u00ebs statike kreshend\u00ebse<\/h2>\n<p>\nPra nder\u00ebhequr rrug\u00ebn kryesore statike. Tani krijojm\u00eb rrug\u00ebn statike lundruese p\u00ebrmes rrjetit ISP2. Procesi i krijimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs statike lundruese nuk ndryshon nga rruga statike e zakonshme p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se n\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebn specifikohet gjithashtu distanca administrative. Distanca administrative tregon shkall\u00ebn e besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb rrug\u00ebs. E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se distanca administrative e rrug\u00ebs statike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb, e cila do t\u00eb thot\u00eb prioritet absolut mbi protokolet e drejtimit dinamik, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 rrug\u00ebve lokale \u2014 ato kan\u00eb distanc\u00ebn zero. Prandaj, duke krijuar nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb statike lundruese, duhet t\u00eb specifikohet nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb administrative m\u00eb e madhe se nj\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, 5. K\u00ebshtu, rruga lundruese nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb prioritet mbi rrug\u00ebn kryesore statike, por n\u00eb momentin e pamund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj, rruga e zakonshme do t\u00eb konsiderohet si rruga kryesore.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9929fbcf1bb5d27609d41cb1355142d9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSintaksa p\u00ebr caktimin e rrug\u00ebs statike lundruese \u00ebsht\u00eb si m\u00eb posht\u00eb:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/1 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nku: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vlera e distanc\u00ebs administrative;<\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/1 \u2014 interfejsi dal\u00ebs i router-it kufitar, i lidhur me rrjetin ISP2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMenj\u00ebher\u00eb dua t\u00eb p\u00ebrmend se <u>derisa rruga kryesore t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje operative, rruga statike lundruese n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ruterit nuk do t\u00eb shfaqet.<\/u>. P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb bind\u00ebs, le t\u00eb shfaqim p\u00ebrmbajtjen e tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb ruterit n\u00eb momentin kur rruga kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb mir\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e2d4a77200450fcee35a9046c2c6998f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nE dukshme \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ruterit ende shfaqet rruga statike kryesore default me interfejsin dal\u00ebs Serial0\/0\/0 dhe nuk ka rrug\u00eb t\u00eb tjera statike q\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ruterit.<\/p>\n<h2>Kontrollimi i kalimit n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn statike kreshend\u00ebse n\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs thelb\u00ebsore<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Dhe tani vjen pjesa m\u00eb interesante:<\/b> t\u00eb simulojm\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs kryesore. Kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet duke \u00e7aktivizuar interfejsin n\u00eb nivelin e softuerit, ose thjesht duke hequr lidhjen midis router-it dhe ISP1. \u00c7aktivizojm\u00eb interfejsin Serial0\/0\/0 t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs kryesore:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#int s0\/0\/0\nEdge_Router(config-if)#shutdown\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026 dhe menj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb t\u00eb shikojm\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e ruterit:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/961f636462173a5551194c78378782e1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nN\u00eb ilustrimin e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm, duket se pas d\u00ebshtimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs statike kryesore, nd\u00ebrfaqja dal\u00ebse Serial0\/0\/0 u ndryshua n\u00eb Serial0\/0\/1. Gjat\u00eb gjurmimit t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb b\u00ebm\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, kalimi i ardhsh\u00ebm nga router-i kufitar u krye n\u00eb adres\u00ebn IP 10.10.10.1. Le t\u00eb krahasojm\u00eb kalimet duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb gjurmim t\u00eb ri duke p\u00ebrdorur rrug\u00ebn rezerv\u00eb:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b204b0a79c5ea416622b3ff5c954bee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTani kalimi nga router-i kufitar n\u00eb server-in web b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes adres\u00ebs IP 10.10.10.5 (ISP2).<\/p>\n<p>Sigurisht, rrug\u00ebt statike mund t\u00eb shikohen duke treguar konfigurimin aktual t\u00eb router-it:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#show run\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Laboratori: Konfigurimi i rrug\u00ebve statike kreshend\u00ebse\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a4bca44fd296c69f69b6e75c421c0ab0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/523534\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e 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