{"id":97375,"date":"2020-10-17T20:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T18:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/neispovedimy-puti-kontenta-ili-pro-cdn-zamolvim-slovo"},"modified":"2020-10-17T20:42:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-17T18:42:13","slug":"neispovedimy-puti-kontenta-ili-pro-cdn-zamolvim-slovo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/neispovedimy-puti-kontenta-ili-pro-cdn-zamolvim-slovo","title":{"rendered":"Rrug\u00ebt e p\u00ebrmbajtjes jan\u00eb t\u00eb panjohura ose p\u00ebr CDN do t\u00eb flasim nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Rrug\u00ebt<\/p>\n

Kufizimi<\/b>:<\/i>
\nKy this article does not contain information previously unknown to readers familiar with the concept of CDN, but serves as a review of the technology.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nFaqja e par\u00eb n\u00eb internet u shfaq n\u00eb vitin 1990 dhe kishte madh\u00ebsi disa byte. Q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb, p\u00ebrmbajtja \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb cil\u00ebsi dhe sasi. Zhvillimi i ekosistemit IT ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb faktin se faqet moderne t\u00eb internetit maten n\u00eb megabajt, dhe tendenca p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur bandwidth e rrjeteve forcohet \u00e7do vit. Si mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb ofruesit e p\u00ebrmbajtjes nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb gjeografike dhe t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb informacion kudo? K\u00ebto detyra duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrballohen nga rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes, t\u00eb njohura si Content Delivery Network ose thjesht CDN.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb internet ka gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje \"t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb\". Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb studime tregojn\u00eb se p\u00ebrdoruesit nuk d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb konsultohen me sh\u00ebrbime interneti n\u00ebse ato ngarkohen m\u00eb gjat\u00eb se 4-5 sekonda. Nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi shum\u00eb e ul\u00ebt ngarkimi t\u00eb faqes rrezikon humbjen e audienc\u00ebs, e cila do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb trafik, konversis\u00eb dhe k\u00ebshtu edhe t\u00eb fitimeve. Rrjetet e dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes (CDN), teorikisht, lejojn\u00eb eliminimin e k\u00ebtyre problemeve dhe pasojave t\u00eb tyre. Por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha detajet dhe nuancat e nj\u00eb rasti t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e zgjidhin situat\u00ebn, dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb ka mjaft.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Nga vjen ideja e rrjeteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara<\/h3>\n

\nLe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr t\u00eb historis\u00eb dhe definicionet e terminologjive. CDN \u2013 nj\u00eb rrjet i grupit t\u00eb server\u00ebve t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar qasje n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e internetit me mbulim t\u00eb nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh p\u00ebrdoruesish. Ideja e rrjeteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara p\u00ebrfshin disa pik\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme (PoP), t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb jasht\u00eb serverit origjinal. Kjo sistem do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunoj\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt mas\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkesave, duke rritur reagimin dhe shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. <\/p>\n

Problemi i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit u shfaq me vendosm\u00ebri n\u00eb kulmin e zhvillimit t\u00eb internetit, pra n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve '90. Server\u00ebt e asaj kohe, performanca e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk arrinte as nivelin e laptop\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar sot, me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi mbante ngarkesat dhe nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonin trafikun n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme. Microsoft-i shpenzonte \u00e7do vit qindra miliona dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkime q\u00eb lidhen me rrug\u00ebt lidh\u00ebse t\u00eb informacionit (padyshim q\u00eb kujtohet ai i famsh\u00ebm prej 640 KB nga Bill Gates). P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto probleme, duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej caching hierarkike, kalimi nga modem\u00ebt n\u00eb fibra optike dhe detajimi i topologjis\u00eb s\u00eb rrjeteve. Situata dukej si nj\u00eb lokomotiv\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb vraponte mbi binar\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohej vazhdimisht me t\u00eb gjitha mjetet n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '90, pronar\u00ebt e portaleve n\u00eb internet kuptuan se p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur ngarkes\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar k\u00ebrkesat e nevojshme, duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin server\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu u shfaq\u00ebn CDN-t\u00eb e para q\u00eb ndanin p\u00ebrmbajtjen statike nga servera t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb gjeografikisht n\u00ebp\u00ebr bot\u00eb. Af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb, gjithashtu filloi biznesi mbi rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndara. Ofruesi m\u00eb i madh (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb) t\u00eb CDN-ve n\u00eb bot\u00eb, kompania Akamai, u b\u00eb pionier n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, duke nisur aktivitetin e saj n\u00eb vitin 1998. Pak vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, CDN-t\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme dhe t\u00eb ardhurat nga shp\u00ebrndarja dhe kontributi i p\u00ebrmbajtjes arrinin dhjet\u00ebra miliona dollar\u00eb \u00e7do muaj.<\/p>\n

Sot ne p\u00ebrballemi me CDN \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb faqe tregtare me trafik t\u00eb lart\u00eb ose kur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb komunikojm\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet sociale. Sh\u00ebrbimin e ofrojn\u00eb: Amazon, Cloudflare, Akamai, dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ofrues nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin CDN t\u00eb tyre, q\u00eb u sjell atyre nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimesh n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi dhe cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes. Po t\u00eb mos kishte Facebook shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb rrjetit, por t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqej vet\u00ebm me serverin burimor t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb SHBA, ngarkimi i profilit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e Europ\u00ebs Lindore mund t\u00eb zgjaste shum\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Disa fjal\u00eb mbi CDN dhe streaming<\/h3>\n

\nAgjencia FutureSource Consulting realizoi nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb industris\u00eb muzikore dhe arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se n\u00eb vitin 2023 numri i abonimeve n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e transmetimit muzikor do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb pothuajse n\u00eb gjysm\u00eb miliardi njer\u00ebzish. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90% e t\u00eb ardhurave sh\u00ebrbimet do t'i ken\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht nga audio streaming. Situata me videon \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme, n\u00eb leksikonin popullor tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb konsoliduar terma si: let\u2019s play, koncert online dhe kinema online. Sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre t\u00eb transmetimit i kan\u00eb Apple, Google, YouTube dhe shum\u00eb kompani t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb prezantimin e hersh\u00ebm, CDN p\u00ebrdorej kryesisht p\u00ebr faqe me p\u00ebrmbajtje statike. Statika n\u00ebnkupton informacionin q\u00eb nuk ndryshon n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb veprimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit, koh\u00ebs dhe faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, dmth. nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb personalizuar. Por zhvillimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb videove dhe audios ka sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb skenar t\u00eb ri t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara. Serverat nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs, duke qen\u00eb af\u00ebr publikut t\u00eb synuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, lejojn\u00eb garancin\u00eb e qasjes s\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje gjat\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb ngarkesave maksimale, duke eliminuar munges\u00ebn e \"ngushticave\" t\u00eb internetit.<\/p>\n

Si funksionon<\/h3>\n

\nThelbi i t\u00eb gjith\u00eb CDN-ve \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb: t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb dor\u00ebzojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen m\u00eb shpejt te konsumatori p\u00ebrfundimtar. Funksionon n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb: p\u00ebrdoruesi d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr ngarkimin e nj\u00eb skedari, e merr serveri CDN, i cili nj\u00eb her\u00eb e ndalon n\u00eb serverin origjinal dhe ia kthen p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrmbajtjen. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, CDN do t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb skedar\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kohe dhe do t'i p\u00ebrpunoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat e m\u00ebvonshme nga memoria e tij t\u00eb ruajtur. Opsionalisht, ata gjithashtu din\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkojn\u00eb paraprakisht skedar\u00ebt nga serveri origjinal, t\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb afatin e ruajtjes s\u00eb memories, t\u00eb kompresojn\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. N\u00eb situat\u00ebn m\u00eb ideale, hosti i jep gjith\u00eb streamin nodit t\u00eb CDN, q\u00eb tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdor burimet e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen te p\u00ebrdoruesit. Natyrisht, q\u00eb ruajtja efektive e informacionit, si dhe shp\u00ebrndarja e k\u00ebrkesave jo n\u00eb nj\u00eb server, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb balancuar t\u00eb trafikut. <\/p>\n

\"Rrug\u00ebt
\nNj\u00eb nga karakteristikat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb CDN \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktimi i vonesave n\u00eb transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb RTT \u2013 koha e kthimit). Krijimi i nj\u00eb lidhjeje TCP, shkarkimi i p\u00ebrmbajtjes multimediale, skedarit JS, fillimi i seanc\u00ebs TLS, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto varen nga ping-u. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr t\u00eb jeni burimit, aq m\u00eb shpejt do t\u00eb merrni p\u00ebrgjigje prej tij. Madje edhe shpejt\u00ebsia e drit\u00ebs ka nj\u00eb kufi: rreth 200,000 km\/s n\u00eb fibra optike. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb vonesa nga Moska n\u00eb Uashington do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rreth 75 ms n\u00eb RTT, dhe kjo pa marr\u00eb parasysh ndikimin e pajisjeve nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuese. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb se cilat probleme zgjidhin rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes, le t\u00eb japim nj\u00eb list\u00eb zgjidhjesh aktuale p\u00ebr sot:<\/p>\n