{"id":97375,"date":"2020-10-17T20:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T18:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/neispovedimy-puti-kontenta-ili-pro-cdn-zamolvim-slovo"},"modified":"2020-10-17T20:42:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-17T18:42:13","slug":"neispovedimy-puti-kontenta-ili-pro-cdn-zamolvim-slovo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/neispovedimy-puti-kontenta-ili-pro-cdn-zamolvim-slovo","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrmbajtja ndjek rrug\u00eb t\u00eb paparashikueshme, ose p\u00ebr CDN do t\u00eb flasim","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"P\u00ebrmbajtja<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi<\/b>:<\/i>
\nKy kjo artikull nuk ofron informacione t\u00eb pa njohura m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr lexuesit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohur me konceptin e CDN, por paraqet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nFaqja e par\u00eb e internetit u shfaq n\u00eb vitin 1990 dhe kishte nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi prej disa bajt\u00ebsh. Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, p\u00ebrmbajtja \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar si cil\u00ebsisht ashtu edhe sasisht. Zhvillimi i ekosistemit IT ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb faqet moderne t\u00eb internetit maten n\u00eb megabajt\u00eb dhe tendenca p\u00ebr rritjen e kapacitetit t\u00eb rrjeteve forcohet \u00e7do vit. Si mund t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb ofruesit e p\u00ebrmbajtjes nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb gjeografike dhe t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb informacion? K\u00ebto sfida duhet t\u00eb zgjidhen nga rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe distribucionit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes, t\u00eb njohura si Content Delivery Network ose thjesht CDN.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb internet po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje \"t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb\". Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb studime tregojn\u00eb se p\u00ebrdoruesit nuk duan t\u00eb merren me sh\u00ebrbimet e internetit n\u00ebse ato ngarkohen p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 4-5 sekonda. Nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi ngarkimi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb faqes rrezikon humbjen e audienc\u00ebs, q\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e trafikut, konvertimit, dhe k\u00ebshtu, edhe fitimeve. Rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes (CDN), n\u00eb teori, lejojn\u00eb eliminimin e k\u00ebtyre problemeve dhe pasojave t\u00eb tyre. Por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, detajet dhe nuancat e rastit konkret p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka, dhe ato n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Nga erdhi ideja e rrjeteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara?<\/h3>\n

\nLe t\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me nj\u00eb ekskursion t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb histori dhe definimin e termaeve. CDN \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet i grupit t\u00eb server\u00ebve t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar qasje n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e internetit me shtrirje t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit. Ideja e rrjeteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara p\u00ebrfshin pranin\u00eb e disa pikave t\u00eb pranishme (PoP), q\u00eb gjenden jasht\u00eb serverit origjinal. Nj\u00eb sistem i till\u00eb proceson m\u00eb shpejt shumic\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkesave q\u00eb vijn\u00eb, duke rritur reagimin dhe shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. <\/p>\n

Problemi i shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit u shfaq ashp\u00ebr n\u00eb kulmin e zhvillimit t\u00eb internetit, dmth. n\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve '90. Server\u00ebt e asaj kohe, performanca e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk arrinte edhe nivelin e laptop\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar sot, me v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebrballonin ngarkes\u00ebn dhe nuk mund t\u00eb menaxhonin trafikun q\u00eb po rritej vazhdimisht. Microsoft shpenzonte \u00e7do vit qindra miliona dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr hulumtime n\u00eb lidhje me magjistralen informative (menj\u00ebher\u00eb na vijn\u00eb n\u00eb mendje t\u00eb famshmit 640 KB nga Bill Gates). N\u00eb rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e k\u00ebtyre \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej keqfaqja hierarkike, kalimi nga modemet n\u00eb fiber optic dhe analiza e detajuar e topologjis\u00eb s\u00eb rrjeteve. Situata i ngjante nj\u00eb lokomotive t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb vraponte mbi shina dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb modernizohej me t\u00eb gjitha mjetet p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Q\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '90, pronar\u00ebt e portaleve web kuptuan se p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur ngarkes\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar k\u00ebrkesat e nevojshme, ishte e nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren server\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu lind\u00ebn CDN-t\u00eb e para, q\u00eb ofronin p\u00ebrmbajtje statike nga server\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, gjeografikisht t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn. P\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, fushata p\u00ebr rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndara filloi gjithashtu. Furnizuesi m\u00eb i madh (t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb) t\u00eb CDN-ve n\u00eb bot\u00eb, kompania Akamai, u b\u00eb pionier n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, duke e filluar rrug\u00ebtimin e saj n\u00eb vitin 1998. Pak vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, CDN-t\u00eb u b\u00ebn\u00eb masive dhe t\u00eb ardhurat nga shp\u00ebrndarja dhe kontributi i p\u00ebrmbajtjes arrit\u00ebn dhjet\u00ebra miliona dollar\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do muaj.<\/p>\n

Sot ne p\u00ebrballemi me CDN \u00e7do her\u00eb q\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb faqekomerciale me trafik t\u00eb lart\u00eb ose kur komunikojm\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet sociale. Sh\u00ebrbimin e ofrojn\u00eb: Amazon, Cloudflare, Akamai, si dhe shum\u00eb furnizues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb transnacional\u00eb. Gjithashtu, kompanit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin CDN-t\u00eb e tyre, gj\u00eb q\u00eb u sjell atyre nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimesh n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes. N\u00ebse Facebook nuk do t\u00eb kishte rrjete t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara dhe do t\u00eb ishte i kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb serverin origjinal, q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb SHBA, ngarkimi i profilit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn lindore mund t\u00eb merrte shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Pak fjal\u00eb mbi CDN dhe streamingun<\/h3>\n

\nAgjencia FutureSource Consulting ka kryer nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb industris\u00eb muzikore dhe ka arritur n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se n\u00eb vitin 2023 numri i abonimeve n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet e transmetimit muzikor do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb gati gjysm\u00eb miliardi njer\u00ebz. Gjithashtu, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90% e t\u00eb ardhurave sh\u00ebrbimet do t'i marrin pik\u00ebrisht nga audios streaming. Situata me videot \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme, n\u00eb fjalorin popullor tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb konsoliduar terma si: let\u2019s play, koncert online dhe kino online. Sh\u00ebrbimet e tyre t\u00eb transmetimit i kan\u00eb Apple, Google, YouTube dhe shum\u00eb kompani t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin fillestar CDN p\u00ebrdorej kryesisht p\u00ebr faqe me p\u00ebrmbajtje statike. Statika quhet informacioni q\u00eb nuk ndryshon n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb veprimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, koh\u00ebs dhe faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, pra nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb personalizuar. Por zhvillimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb videos dhe audios ka shtuar nj\u00eb skenar t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara. Server\u00ebt nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs, duke u gjetur pran\u00eb publikut t\u00eb synuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb akses t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje gjat\u00eb periudhave me ngarkes\u00eb maksimale, duke eliminuar munges\u00ebn e \"ngushticave\" t\u00eb internetit.<\/p>\n

Si funksionon kjo<\/h3>\n

\nThelbi i t\u00eb gjitha CDN-ve \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen m\u00eb shpejt tek konsumatori p\u00ebrfundimtar. Puna funksionon n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb: p\u00ebrdoruesi d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr ngarkimin e nj\u00eb skedari, e cila pranohet nga serveri CDN, i cili nj\u00eb her\u00eb drejtohet n\u00eb serverin origjinal dhe i dor\u00ebzon p\u00ebrmbajtjen p\u00ebrdoruesit. Paralelisht me k\u00ebt\u00eb, CDN ruan skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb cache p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kohe dhe tashm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebrkesat pasuese i p\u00ebrpunon nga cache-i i vet. Opcionalisht, ato gjithashtu din\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkojn\u00eb paraprakisht skedar\u00ebt nga serveri origjinal, t\u00eb rregullojn\u00eb koh\u00ebn e ruajtjes s\u00eb cache-it, t\u00eb kompresojn\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e r\u00ebnd\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. N\u00eb situat\u00ebn m\u00eb ideale, hosti transferon gjith\u00eb fluksin te nyja e CDN, e cila tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdor burimet e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen te p\u00ebrdoruesit. Natyrisht, q\u00eb ruajtja efektive e informacionit n\u00eb cache, si dhe shp\u00ebrndarja e k\u00ebrkesave jo n\u00eb nj\u00eb server, por n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet, do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb balancuar t\u00eb trafikut. <\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrmbajtja
\nNj\u00eb nga ve\u00e7orit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb CDN \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktimi i vonesave n\u00eb transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ( RTT \u2013 round trip time ). Krijimi i nj\u00eb lidhjeje TCP, ngarkimi i mediakontentit, dosjes JS, fillimi i nj\u00eb seance TLS, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto varen nga ping-u. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se sa m\u00eb af\u00ebr t\u00eb jeni burimit, aq m\u00eb shpejt do t\u00eb merrni p\u00ebrgjigje prej tij. Edhe shpejt\u00ebsia e drit\u00ebs ka nj\u00eb kufi: rreth 200 mij\u00eb km\/s n\u00eb fibra optike. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se vonesa nga Moska n\u00eb Washington do t\u00eb jet\u00eb rreth 75 ms n\u00eb RTT, dhe ky \u00ebsht\u00eb pa ndikimin e pajisjeve nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebse. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb se cilat probleme zgjidhin rrjetet e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes, do t\u00eb japim nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb zgjidhjeve aktuale deri m\u00eb sot:<\/p>\n