{"id":97454,"date":"2020-10-18T14:42:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-18T12:42:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/barery-i-zhurnaliruemye-fajlovye-sistemy"},"modified":"2020-10-18T14:42:35","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T12:42:35","slug":"barery-i-zhurnaliruemye-fajlovye-sistemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/barery-i-zhurnaliruemye-fajlovye-sistemy","title":{"rendered":"Barrierat dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb regjistruar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ju d\u00ebshiroj nj\u00eb fundjav\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer!<\/em><\/strong> Ju ftojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim Demo falas <\/em>\u00abKonfigurimi i serverit web (Apache, Nginx, balancimi Nginx)\u00bb<\/em><\/a><\/noindex>, i cili do t\u00eb drejtohet nga Andrey Buranov \u2014 specialist p\u00ebr sistemet UNIX n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb Mail.Ru Group. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, po publikojm\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull nga Jonathan Corbet \u2014 Redaktor Ekzekutiv n\u00eb LWN.net.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Sistemet e files me regjistrim premtojn\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7lirojn\u00eb administrator\u00ebt e sistemeve nga problemet me d\u00ebmtimin e diskut gjat\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve t\u00eb sistemit. Edhe pa nisur kontrollin e integritetit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb files. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb realitet, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb pak m\u00eb e komplikuar. Dhe si\u00e7 tregon diskutimi i fundit, ndoshta madje m\u00eb e ngat\u00ebrruar se sa shum\u00eb nga ne mendojn\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak se siguria e integritetit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb files me regjistrim ndikon n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb sistem skedari, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ext3, p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb disk e njohur si jurnal. Kur b\u00ebhen ndryshime n\u00eb metadat\u00ebt e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, k\u00ebto ndryshime regjistrohen fillimisht n\u00eb jurnal pa modifikuar pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve. Pas regjistrimit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve n\u00eb jurnal, i shtohet nj\u00eb 'blloku i angazhimit', i cili tregon p\u00ebrfundimin e transaksionit. Dhe vet\u00ebm pasi blloku i angazhimit t\u00eb regjistruar, transaksioni fiksohet dhe metadat\u00ebt e ndryshuar regjistrohen n\u00eb disk. N\u00ebse sistemi d\u00ebshton n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb moment, informacioni n\u00eb jurnal mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar sigurt pun\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur d\u00ebmtimin e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve nga fakti q\u00eb u p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsua vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e metadat\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb penges\u00eb: kodi i sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve para se t\u00eb regjistroj\u00eb bllokun e angazhimit duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i sigurt q\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacioni n\u00eb lidhje me transaksionin ka arritur tashm\u00eb n\u00eb jurnal. Thjesht t\u00eb regjistrosh operacionet n\u00eb rend t\u00eb duhur nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mjaftueshme \u2014 disk\u00ebt modern\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin cache t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb brendshme dhe riorganizojn\u00eb operacionet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar performanc\u00ebn. Prandaj, para bllokut t\u00eb angazhimit \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb tregosh qart\u00eb p\u00ebr transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve n\u00eb jurnal n\u00eb disk. N\u00ebse blloku i angazhimit regjistrohet m\u00eb her\u00ebt, at\u00ebher\u00eb journali mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtohet. P\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, p\u00ebrdoren barrierat. N\u00eb thelb, nj\u00eb barier\u00eb ndalon regjistrimin e ndonj\u00eb blloku pas barrier\u00ebs derisa t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bllok\u00ebt e regjistruar para barrier\u00ebs t\u00eb jen\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb disk. P\u00ebrdorimi i barrierave siguron q\u00eb sistemet e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb garantojn\u00eb koherenc\u00ebn e strukturave t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Por ka nj\u00eb problem tjet\u00ebr: sistemet e skedar\u00ebve ext3 dhe ext4 nuk p\u00ebrdorin barrierat si parazgjedhje. Ka nj\u00eb opsion, por n\u00ebse administratorin nuk i ka aktivizuar ato shprehimisht, k\u00ebto sisteme skedar\u00ebsh punojn\u00eb pa bariera, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb disa distribucione (p.sh., SUSE) vlerat e parazgjedhura jan\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. Eric Sandeen s\u00eb fundmi vendosi q\u00eb kjo situat\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb dhe b\u00ebri nj\u00eb patch<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>, i cili modifikon cil\u00ebsimet e parazgjedhura p\u00ebr ext3 dhe ext4. Dhe at\u00ebher\u00eb filloi nj\u00eb diskutim i gjall\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Andrew Morton \u00ebsht\u00eb shqyrtuar shum\u00eb holl\u00ebsisht u p\u00ebrgjigj<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>, pse vlera e parazgjedhur \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

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Her\u00ebn e fundit kur p\u00ebrpiqeshim ta ndryshonim k\u00ebt\u00eb, performanca n\u00eb shum\u00eb ngarkesa u p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsua me 30%, prandaj e hodha t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto patches me panik. Mendoj se nuk mund t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha makinat n\u00eb at\u00eb mas\u00eb\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu nuk ka zgjidhje ideale, dhe un\u00eb jam i prirur t\u00eb mos zgjoj k\u00ebt\u00eb qen t\u00eb flen\u00eb dhe t'i l\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e parazgjedhura n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e zhvilluesve t\u00eb distribucioneve.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Prandaj, me default barrierat jan\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuara, pasi ato kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb performanc\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, sistemet e skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebrdoren me sukses pa barrierat. Mesazhet p\u00ebr d\u00ebmtimin e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve ext3 jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta dhe t\u00eb rralla.<\/p>\n

Por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht fat. Ted Tso shpjegon<\/u><\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb se regjistri ext3 \/ ext4 zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme. S\u00eb pari, drejtori i sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebrpiqet ta krijoj\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme. S\u00eb dyti, regjistri zakonisht krijohet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve, kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb gjesh nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme. Vazhdueshm\u00ebria dhe renditja jan\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr performanc\u00ebn, por gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar ri-renditjen. Zakonisht blloku i angazhimit do t\u00eb vendoset menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr, prandaj disku nuk ka arsye p\u00ebr ri-renditje. Blloku i angazhimit regjistrohet natyrsh\u00ebm n\u00eb disk menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas regjistrimeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, askush nuk pret q\u00eb kjo t\u00eb ndodhi gjithmon\u00eb. Disqet mund t\u00eb sillen ndryshe. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, regjistri p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb buffer rrethor. Prandaj, kur nj\u00eb transaksion regjistrohet n\u00eb fund t\u00eb regjistrit, blloku i angazhimit mund t\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb bllok m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, p\u00ebrpara regjistrimeve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb regjist\u00ebr. Prandaj, ekziston gjithmon\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e d\u00ebmtimit. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, Chris Mason ka informacion p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb testet<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>Nuk ka dyshim q\u00eb puna pa barrier\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e pasigurt se me to.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse jeni gati t\u00eb pranoni nj\u00eb goditje n\u00eb performanc\u00eb, mund t\u00eb aktivizoni barrierat. N\u00eb at\u00eb rast, sigurisht, kur sistemi juaj i skedar\u00ebve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i bazuar n\u00eb LVM (si\u00e7 ndodh n\u00eb disa shp\u00ebrndarje si default). Duket se menaxheri i pajisjeve nuk mb\u00ebshtet barrierat. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera, do t\u00eb ishte mir\u00eb t\u00eb zbutnim r\u00ebnien e performanc\u00ebs. Dhe, duket se k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur ta b\u00ebni.<\/p>\n

Implementimi aktual i ext3 (kur barrierat jan\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizuara) kryen sekuenc\u00ebn e m\u00ebposhtme operacionesh p\u00ebr \u00e7do transaksion:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat shkruhen n\u00eb ditar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb ekzekutohet<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    P\u00ebrfundon blloku i angazhimit<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ekzekutohet<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb metadatet jan\u00eb n\u00eb disq<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    N\u00eb ext4, barrier\u00eb e par\u00eb (hapi 2) mund t\u00eb lihet jasht\u00eb, pasi sistemi i skedar\u00ebve ext4 mb\u00ebshtet checksum-in n\u00eb ditar.<\/p>\n

    N\u00ebse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e ditarit dhe blloku i angazhimit jan\u00eb t\u00eb riordnuara, dhe operacioni nd\u00ebrpritet si rezultat i nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtimi, at\u00ebher\u00eb checksum-i i ditarit nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet me at\u00eb q\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb bllokun e angazhimit, dhe transaksioni do t\u00eb refuzohet. <\/p>\n

    Kris Mason mendojn\u00eb<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte 'n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi e sigurt' t\u00eb hiqet kjo barier\u00eb edhe n\u00eb ext3, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm kur journali arrin fundin dhe fillon t\u00eb shkruhet nga fillimi. <\/p>\n

    Nj\u00eb ide tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar pun\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb vononi operacionet me barrierat kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur. N\u00ebse nuk ka nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb urgjente p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkarkuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb disk menj\u00ebher\u00eb, mund t\u00eb krijoni disa transaksione n\u00eb ditar dhe t\u00eb shkarkoni n\u00eb disk me nj\u00eb barrier\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Ka there nj\u00eb potencial p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim p\u00ebrmes renditjes s\u00eb kujdesshme t\u00eb operacioneve, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb barrierat (t\u00eb cilat zakonisht realizohen n\u00eb form\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkesave \"shkarko t\u00eb gjitha operacionet e prapambetura n\u00eb disk\") t\u00eb mos detyrojn\u00eb shkrimin e blloqeve q\u00eb nuk k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb renditje.<\/p>\n

    Duket se ka ardhur koha t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb se si ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb koston e barrierave t\u00eb pranueshme. Ted Ts'o, duket se mendon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n

    \n

    Mendoj se duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijm\u00eb barrierat n\u00eb ext3\/4, dhe pastaj t\u00eb punojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar kostot n\u00eb ext4\/jbd2. Me siguri, shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e sistemeve nuk punojn\u00eb n\u00eb kushte t\u00eb ngjashme me ato q\u00eb Kris p\u00ebrdori p\u00ebr t\u00eb demonstruar problemin dhe siguria e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve si default duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb prioritet.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Shkenca e sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb m\u00eb thot\u00eb se ky qen nuk po fle dhe, me siguri, do t\u00eb leh\u00eb p\u00ebr ca koh\u00eb. Kjo mund t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsoj\u00eb disa fqinj\u00eb, por \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se sa ta lejojm\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb kafshoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    A \u00ebsht\u00eb interesante t\u00eb zhvilloheni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim?<\/em><\/strong> Regjistrohuni p\u00ebr nj\u00eb m\u00ebsim Prov\u00eb falas <\/em>\u00abKonfigurimi i serverit web (Apache, Nginx, balancimi Nginx)\u00bb<\/em><\/a><\/noindex> dhe merrni pjes\u00eb n\u00eb transmetim <\/em>\"Puna me logjet n\u00eb Linux\"<\/em><\/a><\/noindex>, q\u00eb do t\u00eb drejtoj\u00eb Pavel Vikiryk \u2014 operatori i komunikimit MVNO, inxhinier DevOps. <\/em><\/p>\n

    Burimi: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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