{"id":98045,"date":"2020-10-23T20:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T18:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6"},"modified":"2020-11-18T00:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T22:58:48","slug":"zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","title":{"rendered":"Nisja me GNU\/Linux n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb ARM nga e para (p\u00ebrmes Kali dhe iMX.6)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

tl;dr<\/b>: po krijoj nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb Kali Linux p\u00ebr kompjuterin ARM, n\u00eb programin debootstrap<\/code>, linux <\/code>dhe u-boot<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\"Nisja<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse keni bler\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi me nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e njohur, mund t\u00eb keni hasur n\u00eb munges\u00ebn e nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb distribucionit tuaj t\u00eb preferuar. M\u00ebngjesin e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb ndodhi me Flipper One q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar<\/a><\/noindex>. Kali Linux p\u00ebr IMX6 thjesht nuk ekziston (po e p\u00ebrgatis), prandaj duhet ta krijoj vet\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Procesi i ngarkimit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i thjesht\u00eb:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pajisja inicializohet.<\/li>\n
  2. Nga nj\u00eb zon\u00eb e caktuar n\u00eb pajisjen e memories (SD-kartel\u00eb\/eMMC\/etc), ngarkohet dhe ekzekutohet ngarkuesi.<\/li>\n
  3. Ngarkuesi k\u00ebrkon b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e sistemit operativ dhe e ngarkon n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb memories dhe e ekzekuton.<\/li>\n
  4. B\u00ebrthama ngarkon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb OS-n\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nP\u00ebr nevojat e mia, ky nivel detajesh mjafton, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tjera mund t\u00eb lexoni n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull tjet\u00ebr<\/a><\/noindex>. Zonalet e p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr ndryshojn\u00eb nga llamba n\u00eb llamb\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb krijon disa v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi me instalimin. Ngarkimi i platformave ARM server mund t\u00eb standardizohet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet UEFI, por deri tani kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhet ta krijojm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka ve\u00e7mas.<\/p>\n

    Nd\u00ebrtimi i sistemit t\u00eb skedave<\/h3>\n

    \nS\u00eb pari, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitni ndarjet. U-Boot mb\u00ebshtet FS t\u00eb ndryshme, un\u00eb zgjodha FAT32 p\u00ebr \/boot<\/code> dhe ext3 p\u00ebr rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ndarja standarde e imazheve p\u00ebr Kali n\u00eb ARM. Do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor GNU Parted, por ju mund ta b\u00ebni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb me m\u00eb t\u00eb njohurin fdisk<\/code>. Po ashtu, do t\u00eb duhen dosfstools<\/code> dhe e2fsprogs<\/code> p\u00ebr krijimin e FS: apt install parted dosfstools e2fsprogs<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    E ndarim SD-kartel\u00ebn:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Sh\u00ebnojm\u00eb SD-kartel\u00ebn si duke p\u00ebrdorur ndarjen MBR: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mklabel msdos<\/code><\/li>\n
    2. Krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje p\u00ebr \/boot<\/code> n\u00eb 128 megabajt: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 128MiB<\/code>. Megabajt i par\u00eb i l\u00ebn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr vet\u00eb ndarjen dhe p\u00ebr ngarkuesin.<\/li>\n
    3. Krijojm\u00eb sistemin rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kapacitetin e mbetur: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary ext4 128MiB 100%<\/code><\/li>\n
    4. N\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk u krijuan ose nuk u ndryshuan skedar\u00ebt e ndarjeve, duhet t\u00eb ekzekutoni `partprobe`, at\u00ebher\u00eb tabela e ndarjeve do t\u00eb rilexohet.<\/li>\n
    5. Krijojm\u00eb sistemin e skedave t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb ngarkimit me etiket\u00eb BOOT<\/code>: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT -F 32 -v \/dev\/mmcblk0p1<\/code><\/li>\n
    6. Krijojm\u00eb sistemin rr\u00ebnjor me etiket\u00eb ROOTFS<\/code>: mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS \/dev\/mmcblk0p2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nShk\u00eblqyesh\u00ebm, tani mund ta mbushim. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb nevojitet gjithashtu debootstrap<\/code>, nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr krijimin e sistemeve rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore t\u00eb sistemeve operuese t\u00eb ngjashme me Debian: apt install debootstrap<\/code>.<\/p>\n

      Krijojm\u00eb FS:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Monte ndarjen n\u00eb \/mnt\/<\/code> (p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb pik\u00eb montimi m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr ju): mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p2 \/mnt<\/code><\/li>\n
      2. Faqi q\u00eb plani do t\u00eb mbushet systems file: debootstrap --foreign --include=qemu-user-static --arch armhf kali-rolling \/mnt\/ http:\/\/http.kali.org\/kali<\/code>. Parametri --include<\/code> tregon p\u00ebr t\u00eb instaluar disa paketa shtes\u00eb, un\u00eb kam p\u00ebrmendur emulatorin QEMU t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar statikisht. Ai lejon t\u00eb ekzekutohet chroot<\/code> n\u00eb mjedisin ARM. Kuptimi i opsioneve t\u00eb tjera mund t\u00eb shikohet n\u00eb man debootstrap<\/code>. Mos harroni, q\u00eb jo \u00e7do pllak\u00eb ARM mb\u00ebshtet arkitektur\u00ebn armhf<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      3. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndryshimeve n\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb debootstrap<\/code> ekzekutohet n\u00eb dy faza, faza e dyt\u00eb ekzekutohet k\u00ebshtu: chroot \/mnt\/ \/debootstrap\/debootstrap --second-stage<\/code><\/li>\n
      4. Tani duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb chroot: chroot \/mnt \/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n
      5. Plot\u00ebsojm\u00eb \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dhe \/etc\/hostname<\/code> FS i synuar. Plani do t\u00eb mbushet n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me p\u00ebrmbajtjen n\u00eb kompjuterin tuaj lokal, vet\u00ebm mos harroni t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoni emrin e host-it.<\/li>\n
      6. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatni gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti un\u00eb instaloj p\u00ebrs\u00ebri locales<\/code> (\u00e7el\u00ebsat e repositorit), konfiguroj lokalet dhe zon\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs (dpkg-reconfigure locales tzdata<\/code>). Mos harroni t\u00eb caktoni nj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim me komand\u00ebn passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      7. Duke caktuar fjal\u00ebkalim p\u00ebr root<\/code> n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet komand\u00ebs. passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      8. P\u00ebrgatitja e imazhit p\u00ebr mua p\u00ebrfundon duke mbushur \/etc\/fstab<\/code> brenda \/mnt\/<\/code>. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nDo ta ngarkoj sipas etiketave t\u00eb krijuara m\u00eb par\u00eb, prandaj p\u00ebrmbajtja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb k\u00ebshtu:<\/p>\n

        LABEL=ROOTFS \/ auto errors=remount-ro 0 1
        \n LABEL=BOOT \/boot auto defaults 0 0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        \nS\u00eb fundi, mund t\u00eb montoni seksionin e ngarkes\u00ebs, do na nevojitet p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn: `mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p1 \/mnt\/boot\/`<\/p>\n

        Nd\u00ebrtimi i Linux<\/h3>\n

        \nP\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn (dhe ngarkuesin m\u00eb von\u00eb) n\u00eb Debian Testing, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb instalohet seti standard i GCC, GNU Make dhe skedar\u00ebt e titullit nga GNU C Library p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn e synuar (p\u00ebr mua armhf<\/code>), si dhe skedar\u00ebt e titullit OpenSSL, kalkulatori i konsol\u00ebs bc<\/code>, bison<\/code> dhe flex<\/code>: apt install crossbuild-essential-armhf bison flex libssl-dev bc<\/code>. Ashtu si\u00e7 ngarkuesi i paracaktuar k\u00ebrkon skedarin zImage<\/code> n\u00eb sistemin e skedave t\u00eb seksionit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb koha p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb flash drive-in.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Kloni b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e gjat\u00eb, prandaj thjesht do ta shkarkoj: wget https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v5.x\/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz<\/code>. Zb\u00ebrthejm\u00eb dhe kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb me burimet: tar -xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz && cd linux-5.9.1<\/code><\/li>\n
        2. Konfigurojm\u00eb para kompilimit: make ARCH=arm KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=imx_v6_v7_defconfig defconfig<\/code>. Konfigurimi ndodhet n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb arch\/arm\/configs\/<\/code>. N\u00ebse nuk ka nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb, mund t\u00eb provoni ta gjeni dhe shkarkoni nj\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb transmetoni emrin e skedarit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb direktori si nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr KBUILD_DEFCONFIG<\/code>. N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq, kaloni menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.<\/li>\n
        3. Opsionalisht mund t\u00eb rregulloni cil\u00ebsimet: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig<\/code><\/li>\n
        4. Dhe kryejm\u00eb nd\u00ebr-kompilimin e imazhit: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-<\/code><\/li>\n
        5. Tani mund t\u00eb kopjoni skedarin me b\u00ebrthamat: cp arch\/arm\/boot\/zImage \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        6. Dhe skedar\u00ebt me DeviceTree (p\u00ebrshkrimi i harduerit t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb bord): cp arch\/arm\/boot\/dts\/*.dtb \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        7. Dhe instaloni modulat q\u00eb jan\u00eb ndar\u00eb si skedar\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=\/mnt\/ modules_install<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \nKernel-i \u00ebsht\u00eb gati. Mund t\u00eb shk\u00ebputni gjith\u00e7ka: umount \/mnt\/boot\/ \/mnt\/<\/code><\/p>\n

          Das U-Boot<\/h2>\n

          \nDuke qen\u00eb se ngarkuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb interaktiv, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar funksionimin e tij mjafton vet\u00eb bordi, pajisja e ruajtjes dhe opcionalisht pajisja USB-to-UART. Kuptohet, mund t\u2019i l\u00ebm\u00eb kernel-in dhe OS-in p\u00ebr m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

          Absolutisht shumica e prodhuesve ofrojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin Das U-Boot p\u00ebr ngarkimin fillestar. Mb\u00ebshtetje e plot\u00eb zakonisht ofrohet n\u00eb fork-un e tyre t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, por nuk harrojn\u00eb t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb as n\u00eb upstream. N\u00eb rastin tim, bordi mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb m\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d<\/a><\/noindex>, prandaj fork<\/a><\/noindex> e kam injoruar.<\/p>\n

          Po mbledhim vet\u00eb ngarkuesin:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Klonojm\u00eb deg\u00ebn stabile t\u00eb depove: git clone https:\/\/gitlab.denx.de\/u-boot\/u-boot.git -b v2020.10<\/code><\/li>\n
          2. Shkonte n\u00eb drejtorin\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse: cd u-boot<\/code><\/li>\n
          3. P\u00ebrgatisim konfigurimin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtim: make mx6ull_14x14_evk_defconfig<\/code>. Kjo funksionon vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse konfigurimi ekziston n\u00eb vet\u00eb Das U-Boot, n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt do t\u2019ju nevojitet t\u00eb gjeni konfigurimin e prodhuesit dhe ta vendosni at\u00eb n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn e depove n\u00eb skedarin .config<\/code>, ose t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoni ndryshe nj\u00eb imazh sipas rekomandimeve t\u00eb prodhuesit.<\/li>\n
          4. Po mbledhim vet\u00eb imazhin e ngarkuesit me ndihm\u00ebn e cross-compiler-it armhf<\/code>: make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.imx<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \nSi rezultat, ne marrim skedarin u-boot.imx<\/code>, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh i gatsh\u00ebm q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkruhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb flash disk. Shkruajm\u00eb n\u00eb kart\u00ebn SD, duke kaluar 1024 bytes e para. Pse e zgjodha targetin u-boot.imx<\/code>? \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 1024 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430? \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 dokumentacionin<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebr bordet e tjera, procesi i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb imazhit dhe shkrimit mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n

            Gati, mund t\u00eb ngarkohemi. Ngarkuesi duhet t\u00eb raportoj\u00eb versionin e tij, disa informacione rreth bordit dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb gjej\u00eb imazhin e kernel-it n\u00eb ndarjen. N\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimit, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb ngarkohet p\u00ebrmes rrjetit. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, dalja \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e detajuar, mund t\u00eb gjeni gabimin n\u00eb rast problemi.<\/p>\n

            N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim<\/h2>\n

            \nA e dinit se balli i delfinit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kock\u00eb? Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb aq n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb sy i tret\u00eb, nj\u00eb lente dhjami p\u00ebr ekolokacionin!<\/p>\n

            \"Nisja<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

            \"Nisja<\/a><\/noindex>
            \n
            Burimi:             habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            tl;dr: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 Kali Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 debootstrap, linux \u0438 u-boot. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c Flipper One. Kali Linux \u043f\u043e\u0434 IMX6 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 (\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":98046,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Duke ngjitur GNU\/Linux n\u00eb bordin ARM nga e para (duke marr\u00eb shembull Kali dhe iMX.6) | ProHoster","description":"tl;dr: po mbledh imazhin Kali Linux p\u00ebr kompjuter ARM, n\u00eb programin debootstrap, linux dhe 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