{"id":98045,"date":"2020-10-23T20:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T18:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6"},"modified":"2020-11-18T00:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T22:58:48","slug":"zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","title":{"rendered":"Nis\u00ebm me GNU\/Linux n\u00eb nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb ARM nga zero (me shembullin e Kali dhe iMX.6)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

tl;dr<\/b>: po b\u00ebj nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb Kali Linux p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kompjuter ARM, n\u00eb programin debootstrap<\/code>, linux <\/code>dhe u-boot<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\"Nis\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse keni bler\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb vetme jo shum\u00eb t\u00eb njohur, mund t\u00eb jeni p\u00ebrballur me munges\u00ebn e imazhit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes suaj t\u00eb preferuar. Nj\u00ebsoj ndodhi me Flipper One<\/a><\/noindex>. Kali Linux p\u00ebr IMX6 thjesht nuk ekziston (po p\u00ebrgatis), k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb duhet ta nd\u00ebrtosh vet\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Procesi i ngarkimit \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i thjesht\u00eb:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hidhen n\u00eb funksion pajisjet.<\/li>\n
  2. Nga disa zona n\u00eb pajisjen e ruajtjes (SD kart\u00eb\/eMMC\/etj) lexohen dhe ekzekutohen ngarkuesit.<\/li>\n
  3. Ngarkuesi k\u00ebrkon b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e sistemit operativ dhe e ngarkon at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb memorjes dhe e ekzekuton.<\/li>\n
  4. B\u00ebrthama ngarkon gjith\u00eb sistemin tjet\u00ebr operativ.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nP\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn time, ky nivel detajesh \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm, mund t\u00eb lexoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull tjet\u00ebr<\/a><\/noindex>. Zonat \"disa\" t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr ndryshojn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb pllak\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn, q\u00eb krijon disa v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb instalim. Ngarkimi i platformave ARM server p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb standardizohet<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet UEFI, por p\u00ebr momentin kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhet ta nd\u00ebrtoni gjith\u00e7ka ve\u00e7mas.<\/p>\n

    Nd\u00ebrtoni sistemin e fichiers rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor<\/h3>\n

    \nP\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar, nevojitet t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatiten seksionet. Das U-Boot mb\u00ebshtet sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme skedar\u00ebsh, un\u00eb zgjodha FAT32 p\u00ebr \/boot<\/code> dhe ext3 p\u00ebr rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje standart p\u00ebr imazhet e Kali n\u00ebn ARM. Un\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor GNU Parted, por ju mund t\u00eb b\u00ebni t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb me fdisk<\/code>. Gjithashtu do t\u00eb nevojiten dosfstools<\/code> dhe e2fsprogs<\/code> p\u00ebr krijimin e sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve: apt install parted dosfstools e2fsprogs<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    Ndajm\u00eb SD-kart\u00ebn:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. P\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb SD-kart\u00ebn si t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb ndarjen MBR: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mklabel msdos<\/code><\/li>\n
    2. Krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion p\u00ebr \/boot<\/code> n\u00eb 128 megabajt: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 128MiB<\/code>. Megabajti i par\u00eb i harxhuar duhet t\u00eb lihet p\u00ebr ndarjen vet\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr boot loader-in.<\/li>\n
    3. Krijojm\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs n\u00eb gjith\u00eb kapacitetin e mbetur: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary ext4 128MiB 100%<\/code><\/li>\n
    4. N\u00ebse ndodhi q\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e ndarjeve t\u00eb mos krijohen ose t\u00eb ndryshohen, duhet t\u00eb kryeni `partprobe`, at\u00ebher\u00eb tabela e ndarjeve do t\u00eb lexohet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri.<\/li>\n
    5. Krijojm\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebr ndarjen e ngarkes\u00ebs me etiket\u00ebn BOOT<\/code>: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT -F 32 -v \/dev\/mmcblk0p1<\/code><\/li>\n
    6. Krijojm\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs me etiket\u00ebn ROOTFS<\/code>: mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS \/dev\/mmcblk0p2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nShum\u00eb mir\u00eb, tani mund ta mbushim at\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb nevojitet gjithashtu debootstrap<\/code>, nj\u00eb utilitare p\u00ebr krijimin e sistem\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb operacionet e ngjashme me Debian: apt install debootstrap<\/code>.<\/p>\n

      Krijojm\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Montojm\u00eb seksionin n\u00eb \/mnt\/<\/code> (p\u00ebrdorni nj\u00eb pik\u00eb montimi q\u00eb ju p\u00ebrshtatet m\u00eb mir\u00eb): mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p2 \/mnt<\/code><\/li>\n
      2. T\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb mbushim sistemin e skedar\u00ebve: debootstrap --foreign --include=qemu-user-static --arch armhf kali-rolling \/mnt\/ http:\/\/http.kali.org\/kali<\/code>. Parametri --include<\/code> tregon t\u00eb instalohet disa paketa shtes\u00eb, un\u00eb kam p\u00ebrmendur emulatorin e nd\u00ebrtuar statikisht QEMU. Ai lejon ekzekutimin chroot<\/code> n\u00eb mjedisin ARM. Kuptimin e opsioneve t\u00eb tjera mund ta shihni n\u00eb man debootstrap<\/code>. Mos harroni, q\u00eb \u00e7do bord ARM nuk mb\u00ebshtet arkitektur\u00ebn armhf<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      3. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb arkitekturave debootstrap<\/code> izbatohet n\u00eb dy faza, faza e dyt\u00eb zbatohet k\u00ebshtu: chroot \/mnt\/ \/debootstrap\/debootstrap --second-stage<\/code><\/li>\n
      4. Tani duhet t\u00eb chroot: chroot \/mnt \/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n
      5. Mbushim \/etc\/hosts<\/code> dhe \/etc\/hostname<\/code> FS-in e synuar. Mbushni sipas analogjis\u00eb me p\u00ebrmbajtjen n\u00eb kompjuterin tuaj lokal, vet\u00ebm mos harroni t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoni emrin e hostit.<\/li>\n
      6. Mund t\u00eb konfiguroj gjith\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti po instaloj locales<\/code> (\u00e7el\u00ebsat e depozit\u00ebs), rikonfiguroj lokalitetet dhe zon\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs (dpkg-reconfigure locales tzdata<\/code>). Mos harroni t\u00eb caktoni fjal\u00ebkalimin me komand\u00ebn passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      7. Caktoni fjal\u00ebkalimin p\u00ebr root<\/code> me komand\u00ebn passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      8. P\u00ebrgatitjet e imazhit p\u00ebr mua p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb duke mbushur \/etc\/fstab<\/code> brenda \/mnt\/<\/code>. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nDo ta ngarkoj n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me etiketat e krijuara m\u00eb par\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e till\u00eb:<\/p>\n

        LABEL=ROOTFS \/ auto errors=remount-ro 0 1
        \n LABEL=BOOT \/boot auto defaults 0 0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        \nM\u00eb n\u00eb fund, mund t\u00eb montojm\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e ngarkimit, q\u00eb na nevojitet p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn: `mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p1 \/mnt\/boot\/`<\/p>\n

        Nd\u00ebrtimi i Linux<\/h3>\n

        \nP\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn (dhe pastaj ngarkuesin) n\u00eb Debian Testing, duhet t\u00eb instaloni paket\u00ebn standarde t\u00eb GCC, GNU Make dhe skedar\u00ebt e titujve t\u00eb Bibliotek\u00ebs GNU C p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn e synuar (e kam) armhf<\/code>), si dhe titujt OpenSSL, kalkulatorin e nivelit t\u00eb komand\u00ebs bc<\/code>, bison<\/code> dhe flex<\/code>: apt install crossbuild-essential-armhf bison flex libssl-dev bc<\/code>. Duke qen\u00eb se ngarkuesi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb default k\u00ebrkon skedarin zImage<\/code> n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb pjes\u00ebs s\u00eb ngarkimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb koha t\u00eb ndajm\u00eb flash diskun.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Klonimi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs merr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, prandaj thjesht do ta shkarkoj: wget https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v5.x\/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz<\/code>. Ta shp\u00ebrndajm\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb me burimet: tar -xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz && cd linux-5.9.1<\/code><\/li>\n
        2. Konfigurojm\u00eb para kompilimit: make ARCH=arm KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=imx_v6_v7_defconfig defconfig<\/code>. Konfig kjo ndodhet n\u00eb direktorin\u00eb arch\/arm\/configs\/<\/code>. N\u00ebse nuk ka t\u00eb till\u00eb, mund t\u00eb provoni t\u00eb gjeni dhe shkarkoni nj\u00eb gati dhe ta kaloni emrin e skedarit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb direktori n\u00eb parametrin KBUILD_DEFCONFIG<\/code>. N\u00eb rastin m\u00eb t\u00eb keq kaloni direkt n\u00eb pik\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.<\/li>\n
        3. Mund\u00ebsisht mund t\u00eb rregulloni cil\u00ebsimet: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig<\/code><\/li>\n
        4. Dhe t\u00eb kryejm\u00eb nd\u00ebrtime kroskompleks. b\u00ebni ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-<\/code><\/li>\n
        5. Tani mund t\u00eb kopjoni skedarin me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn: cp arch\/arm\/boot\/zImage \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        6. Dhe skedar\u00ebt me DeviceTree (p\u00ebrshkrimi i harduerit n\u00eb bord): cp arch\/arm\/boot\/dts\/*.dtb \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        7. Dhe instaloni modulo t\u00eb zbuluara si skedar\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb: b\u00ebni ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=\/mnt\/ modules_install<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \nB\u00ebrthama \u00ebsht\u00eb gati. Tani mund t\u00eb \u00e7montoni gjith\u00e7ka: umount \/mnt\/boot\/ \/mnt\/<\/code><\/p>\n

          Das U-Boot<\/h2>\n

          \nDuke qen\u00eb se ngarkuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb interaktiv, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar funksionimin e tij mjafton vet\u00eb bordi, mediumi i ruajtjes, dhe opsionalisht nj\u00eb pajisje USB-to-UART. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb shtyni b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn dhe OS-n\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

          Absolutisht shumica e prodhuesve ofrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e Das U-Boot p\u00ebr ngarkimin fillestar. Mb\u00ebshtetje e plot\u00eb zakonisht ofrohet n\u00eb fork-un e tyre, por edhe n\u00eb upstream kontribuoni nuk harrojn\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin tim, bordi mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen kryesore<\/a><\/noindex>, prandaj fork<\/a><\/noindex> e injorova.<\/p>\n

          T\u00eb krijojm\u00eb vet\u00eb ngarkuesin:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Klononi deg\u00ebn stabile t\u00eb depozit\u00ebs: git clone https:\/\/gitlab.denx.de\/u-boot\/u-boot.git -b v2020.10<\/code><\/li>\n
          2. Shkoni n\u00eb direktoren p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse: cd u-boot<\/code><\/li>\n
          3. P\u00ebrgatitni konfigurimin e nd\u00ebrtimit: b\u00ebni mx6ull_14x14_evk_defconfig<\/code>. Kjo funksionon vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse konfigurimi ndodhet n\u00eb vet\u00eb Das U-Boot; n\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, do t'ju duhet t\u00eb gjeni konfigurimin e prodhuesit dhe ta vendosni at\u00eb n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00ebn e repertorit n\u00eb nj\u00eb sked\u00eb. .config<\/code>, ose t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtosh nj\u00eb imazh n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e rekomanduar nga prodhuesi.<\/li>\n
          4. Nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb imazhin e bootloader-it me cross-compiler. armhf<\/code>: make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.imx<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \nSi rezultat, ne marrim skedarin u-boot.imx<\/code>, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb imazh i gatsh\u00ebm q\u00eb mund t\u00eb regjistrohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb USB. Regjistrojm\u00eb n\u00eb SD kart\u00ebn, duke kaluar 1024 byte t\u00eb par\u00eb. Pse zgjodha targetin u-boot.imx<\/code>? \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 1024 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430? \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 dokumentacion<\/a><\/noindex>. P\u00ebr pllakata t\u00eb tjera, procesi i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb imazhit dhe regjistrimit mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n

            P\u00ebrfundoi, mund t\u00eb startojm\u00eb. Bootloader-i duhet t\u00eb raportoj\u00eb versionin e tij, disa informacion rreth pllak\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb gjeni imazhin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb ndarjen e caktuar. N\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb niste p\u00ebrmes rrjetit. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, dalja \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft e detajuar, duke mund\u00ebsuar gjetjen e gabimeve n\u00eb rast probleme.<\/p>\n

            N\u00eb vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimit<\/h2>\n

            \nA e dinit se balli i delfin\u00ebve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kockor? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb sy i tret\u00eb, nj\u00eb lente dhjami p\u00ebr ekolokacionin!<\/p>\n

            \"Nis\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

            \"Nis\u00ebm<\/a><\/noindex>
            \n
            Burimi:             habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            tl;dr: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 Kali Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 debootstrap, linux \u0438 u-boot. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c Flipper One. Kali Linux \u043f\u043e\u0434 IMX6 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 (\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":98046,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Nisni GNU\/Linux n\u00eb pllak\u00ebn ARM nga fillimi (me shembullin e Kali dhe iMX.6) | ProHoster","description":"tl;dr: pohoj nj\u00eb imazh t\u00eb Kali Linux p\u00ebr kompjuterin ARM, n\u00eb programin debootstrap, linux dhe u-boot. N\u00ebse keni bler\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb vetme q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e njohur, mund t\u00eb keni p\u00ebrjetuar munges\u00ebn e nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes suaj t\u00eb preferuar. Rreth e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb ka ndodhur edhe me Flipper One, i planifikuar. Kali Linux p\u00ebr IMX6 thjesht nuk ekziston (un\u00eb po e p\u00ebrgatis), k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb duhet ta nd\u00ebrroni vet\u00eb. 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