{"id":99149,"date":"2021-02-16T16:22:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-16T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-11"},"modified":"2021-02-16T16:22:46","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T14:22:46","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-11","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i kernelit Linux 5.11","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pasi dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi l\u00ebshimin e kernel-it Linux 5.11. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr enklavat Intel SGX, nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i ri p\u00ebr kapjen e thirrjeve sistemike, autobusi virtual auxiliary, ndalim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb moduleve pa MODULE_LICENSE(), modaliteti i filtrimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb thirrjeve sistemike n\u00eb seccomp, ndalimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ia64, transferimi i teknologjis\u00eb WiMAX n\u00eb demin &#171;staging&#187;, dhe mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr inkapsulimin e SCTP n\u00eb UDP.      <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionin e ri, jan\u00eb pranuar 15480 rregullime nga 1991 zhvillues, me p\u00ebrmasa patch-i &#8212; 72 MB (ndryshimet preku 12090 skedar\u00eb, 868025 rreshta kodi u shtuan, dhe 261456 rreshta u hoq\u00ebn). Rreth 46% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 5.11 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me drejtuesit e pajisjeve, rreth 16% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e kodit specifik p\u00ebr arkitekturat harduerike, 13% ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me grumbujin e rrjetit, 3% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 4% me n\u00ebn-sistemet e brendshme t\u00eb kernel-it.         <\/p>\n<p>Novitetet kryesore:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Btrfs jan\u00eb shtuar disa mund\u00ebsi montimi p\u00ebr t'u aplikuar gjat\u00eb rikuperimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga nj\u00eb FS t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar: &#171;rescue=ignorebadroots&#187; p\u00ebr montim, pavar\u00ebsisht d\u00ebmtimeve t\u00eb disa pem\u00ebve rr\u00ebnj\u00eb (extent, uuid, data reloc, device, csum, free space), &#171;rescue=ignoredatacsums&#187; p\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin e verifikimit t\u00eb kontrolleve p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhe &#171;rescue=all&#187; p\u00ebr aktivizimin e mund\u00ebsive &#8216;ignorebadroots&#8217;, &#8216;ignoredatacsums&#8217; dhe &#8216;nologreplay&#8217; n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb ndalur mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr opsionin e montimit &#171;inode_cache&#187;, i cili m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte shpallur i vjetruar. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebrgatitja e kodit p\u00ebr zbatimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr blloqe me metadita dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, me p\u00ebrmasa m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se faqe (PAGE_SIZE), si dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modalitetin e alokimit t\u00eb zonuar t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs. K\u00ebrkesat e pa-buferizuara (Direct IO) jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn iomap. Performanca e nj\u00eb numri operacioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizuar, duke arritur rritje deri n\u00eb disa dhjet\u00ebra p\u00ebrqind.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb flamur &#171;needsrepair&#187;, q\u00eb sinjalizon nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr rikuperim. Kur vendoset ky flamur, FS nuk mund t\u00eb montuar deri sa flamuri t\u00eb hiqet nga utilita xfs_repair.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Ext4 jan\u00eb ofruar vet\u00ebm korrigjime gabimesh dhe optimizime, si dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pastrimi i kodit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb lejuar ri-ekspozita e sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, t\u00eb montuara p\u00ebrmes NFS (dmth, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e montuar p\u00ebrmes NFS tani mund t\u00eb ekzistohet p\u00ebrmes NFS dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb cache nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsore).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen sistemore close_range(), e cila lejon nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb mbyll\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb descriptor\u00ebve t\u00eb hapur t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbyllur descriptor\u00ebt me modalitetin close-on-exec.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e dosjeve F2FS jan\u00eb shtuar thirrjet e reja ioctl(), duke lejuar menaxhimin nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve q\u00eb ruajn\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb s\u0131k\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni i montimit \"compress_mode=\" p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur vendndodhjen e menaxhuesit t\u00eb kompresionit n\u00eb an\u00ebn e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs ose n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e montimit t\u00eb Overlayfs nga proceset jo privilegjuar, duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb identifikator\u00ebsh p\u00ebrdoruesish (user namespace). P\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar respektimin e modelit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb auditim i plot\u00eb i kodit. N\u00eb Overlayfs gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e fillimit duke p\u00ebrdorur kopje t\u00eb imazheve t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes \u00e7aktivizimit opsional t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb UUID.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ceph \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr protokollin msgr2.1, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e algoritmit AES-GCM gjat\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb enkriptuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb modul\u00ebn dm-multipath \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e llogaritjes s\u00eb lidhjes me CPU (\"IO affinity\") gjat\u00eb zgjedhjes s\u00eb rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat e hyrjes\/daljes.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i ri p\u00ebr kapjen e thirrjeve sistemore, i bazuar n\u00eb prctl() dhe i cili lejon generimin e p\u00ebrjashtimeve nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit gjat\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb nj\u00eb thirrje t\u00eb caktuar sistemore dhe simulimin e ekzekutimit t\u00eb saj. Kjo funksionalitet \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb Wine dhe Proton p\u00ebr simuluar thirrjet sistemore t\u00eb Windows, t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar kompatibilitet me loj\u00ebrat dhe programet q\u00eb ekzekutohen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me thirrje sistemore duke anashkaluar Windows API (p.sh., p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga p\u00ebrdorimi i paautorizuar).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen sistemore userfaultfd(), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar pagesat e faulteve (qasja n\u00eb faqe t\u00eb pa alokuar t\u00eb memories) n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur mund\u00ebsia e \u00e7aktivizimit t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimeve q\u00eb ndodhin n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar shfryt\u00ebzimin e disa dob\u00ebsive.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ruajtjen lokale p\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn (task-local storage), e cila siguron lidhjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me nj\u00eb BPF-p\u00ebrpunues t\u00eb caktuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb riparuar plot\u00ebsisht llogaritja e konsumit t\u00eb memories nga programet BPF \u2014 p\u00ebr menaxhimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb objektet BPF, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb memlock rlimit \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb kontrollues cgroup.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin BTF (BPF Type Format), q\u00eb siguron informacion p\u00ebr verifikimin e tipave n\u00eb pseudokodin BPF, \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modulet e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e hyrjes\/asinkronike io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr thirrjet sistemike shutdown(), renameat2() dhe unlinkat(). Kur thirret io_uring_enter(), \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikuar nj\u00eb skadim (kontrolloni mb\u00ebshtetjen p\u00ebr argumentin e skadimit duke p\u00ebrdorur flamurin IORING_FEAT_EXT_ARG).\n<li class=\"l\"> Arkitektura ia64, e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel Itanium, \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb e pa mb\u00ebshtetje (\"orphaned\"), q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton nd\u00ebrprerjen e testimeve. Kompania Hewlett Packard Enterprise ka ndaluar pranimin e porosive p\u00ebr pajisje t\u00eb reja Itanium, nd\u00ebrsa Intel e b\u00ebri k\u00ebt\u00eb vitin e kaluar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ndalimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn MicroBlaze, q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajisura me nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kontrolli t\u00eb memories (MMU). Sisteme t\u00eb tilla nuk hasen m\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn MIPS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr testimin e mbulimit t\u00eb kodit (coverage testing) p\u00ebrmes utilitarit gcov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr autobusin virtual auxiliary p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin me pajisje multifunzionale q\u00eb kombinojn\u00eb funksionalitete q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb drivar\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm (p.sh. kartat rrjet\u00eb me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Ethernet dhe RDMA). Autobusi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar nj\u00eb drivar primar dhe nj\u00eb dyt\u00ebsor p\u00ebr pajisjen, n\u00eb situatat kur p\u00ebrdorimi i n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebs MFD (Multi-Function Devices) \u00ebsht\u00eb problematik.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memories CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator), i optimizuar p\u00ebr alokimin e zonave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb memories duke p\u00ebrdorur teknik\u00ebn e l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories. P\u00ebr RISC-V jan\u00eb implementuar gjithashtu mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar aksesin n\u00eb \/dev\/mem dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur regjistrimin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjeve.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet 32-bit ARM \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mjetin e riparimit KASan (Kernel address sanitizer), q\u00eb siguron identifikimin e gabimeve gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me memorie. P\u00ebr ARM 64-bit, implementimi i KASan \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e etiketave MTE (MemTag).\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar thirrjen sistemike epoll_pwait2(), q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e skadimeve me precizitet n\u00eb nanosekonda (thirrja epoll_wait manipuluar me milisekonda).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e nd\u00ebrtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqet nj\u00eb gabim kur p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet moduli i ngarkuar i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat me makron MODULE_LICENSE() nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar licenca p\u00ebr kodin. Gabimi gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit tani do t\u00eb shkaktohet gjithashtu nga p\u00ebrdorimi i makros EXPORT_SYMBOL() p\u00ebr funksione statike.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mapimin e objekteve GEM nga memoria e angazhuar p\u00ebr hyrje\/dalje, duke lejuar p\u00ebrshpejtimin e pun\u00ebs me framebuffer n\u00eb disa arkitektura.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Kconfig \u00ebsht\u00eb ndaluar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr Qt4 (mb\u00ebshtetje e ruajtur p\u00ebr Qt5, GTK dhe Ncurses).                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen sistemike seccomp() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modin e reagimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, duke lejuar p\u00ebrcaktimin shum\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb lejes ose ndalimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb thirrjeje sistemike bazuar n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e autorizimeve t\u00eb lidhur me procesin (bitmap me veprime t\u00eb q\u00ebndrushme), e cila nuk k\u00ebrkon ekzekutimin e BPF-handler.\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponent\u00ebt e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs jan\u00eb integruar p\u00ebr krijimin dhe menaxhimin e enclavave t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb Intel SGX (Software Guard eXtensions), duke lejuar aplikacionet t\u00eb ekzekutojn\u00eb kod n\u00eb zona t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb koduara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, me qasje t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb sistemit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Si pjes\u00eb e iniciativ\u00ebs p\u00ebr kufizimin e aksesit nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb regjistrat MSR (model-specific register), \u00ebsht\u00eb ndaluar shkruarja n\u00eb regjistrin MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS, q\u00eb lejon ndryshimin e mod\u00ebs s\u00eb efikasitetit energjetik t\u00eb procesorit (\"normal\", \"performance\", \"powersave\").\n<li class=\"l\"> Nga dega kernel-rt p\u00ebr sistemet n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar migrimin e detyrave me prioritet t\u00eb lart\u00eb midis CPU-ve.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e aplikimit t\u00eb etiketave MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension) p\u00ebr adresat e memories s\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuesve t\u00eb sinjaleve. P\u00ebrdorimi i MTE aktivizohet p\u00ebrmes renditjes s\u00eb opsionit SA_EXPOSE_TAGBITS n\u00eb sigaction() dhe lejon organizimin e verifikimit t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb treguesve p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar shp\u00ebrthimet e dob\u00ebsive, t\u00eb shkaktuar nga qasja n\u00eb blloqet e memories q\u00eb jan\u00eb liruar tashm\u00eb, mbushjet e bufer\u00ebve, qasjet para inicializimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimi jasht\u00eb kontekstit aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar parametri \"DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG_SECONDARY_KEYRING\", q\u00eb lejon n\u00ebnsistemin dm-verity t\u00eb verifikoj\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimet e hash-it t\u00eb certifikatave, t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb depocit\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave (keyring). N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, kjo konfigurim lejon verifikimin jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb certifikatave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, por edhe t\u00eb certifikatave t\u00eb ngarkuara gjat\u00eb funksionimit, \u00e7ka ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar certifikatate pa p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb User-mode Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modalitetin suspend-to-idle, i cili lejon ngrirjen e mjedisit dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e sinjalit SIGUSR1 p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga modaliteti i gjumit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin virtio-mem, q\u00eb lejon lidhjen dhe shk\u00ebputjen e nxeht\u00eb t\u00eb memories n\u00eb makinat virtuale, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modalitetin me bllok t\u00eb madh (BBM, Big Block Mode), i cili mund\u00ebson transferimin ose marrjen e memories n\u00eb blloqe q\u00eb tejkalojn\u00eb madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e bllokut t\u00eb memories t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr optimizimin e VFIO n\u00eb QEMU.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb implementimin e TLS n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr shifr\u00ebn CHACHA20-POLY1305.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr 802.1Q (VLAN) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr menaxhimin e d\u00ebshtimeve t\u00eb lidhjes (CFM, Connectivity Fault Management), q\u00eb lejon identifikimin, verifikimin dhe izolimin e d\u00ebshtimeve n\u00eb rrjetet me urat virtuale (Virtual Bridged Networks). P\u00ebr shembull, CFM mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr lokalizimin e problemeve n\u00eb rrjetet q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb disa organizata t\u00eb pavarura, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb qasje vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pajisjet e tyre.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kapsulimin e paketimeve t\u00eb protokollit SCTP n\u00eb paketa UDP (RFC 6951), q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e SCTP n\u00eb rrjete me translator\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb adresave, q\u00eb nuk mb\u00ebshtesin drejtp\u00ebrdrejt SCTP, si dhe implementimin e SCTP n\u00eb sisteme q\u00eb nuk ofrojn\u00eb qasje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin IP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementimi i teknologjis\u00eb WiMAX \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvendosur n\u00eb staging dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar p\u00ebr fshirje, n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb gjenden p\u00ebrdorues q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr WiMAX. WiMAX nuk p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet publike, dhe n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, driveri i vet\u00ebm q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret me WiMAX mbetet driveri i vjetruar Intel 2400m. N\u00eb konfiguruesin e rrjetit NetworkManager mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr WiMAX u nd\u00ebrpre n\u00eb vitin 2015. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, WiMax \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga teknologjit\u00eb si LTE, HSPA+ dhe Wi-Fi 802.11n.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb punuar p\u00ebr optimizimin e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb trafikut TCP t\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb modalitetin zerocopy, pra, pa kopjime shtes\u00eb n\u00eb bufer\u00eb t\u00eb rinj. P\u00ebr trafikun me madh\u00ebsi t\u00eb mesme, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin disa dhjet\u00ebra ose disa qindra kilobajt t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebrdorimi i zerocopy n\u00eb vend t\u00eb recvmsg() \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb efektiv. P\u00ebr shembull, ndryshimet e realizuara lejuan nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb efikasitetit t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb trafikut n\u00eb stilin RPC me mesazhe n\u00eb 32 KB duke p\u00ebrdorur zerocopy me 60-70%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohen thirrjet e reja ioctl() p\u00ebr krijimin e urave rrjet\u00ebsore q\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb disa kanale PPP. Mund\u00ebsia e propozuar lejon q\u00eb kadrot t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin nga nj\u00eb kanal n\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr shembull, nga PPPoE n\u00eb seanc\u00ebn PPPoL2TP.\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrimi n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) vazhdon, nj\u00eb zgjerim i protokollit TCP p\u00ebr organizimin e funksionit t\u00eb lidhjes TCP me d\u00ebrgesa paketash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme p\u00ebrmes disa rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqeve rrjet\u00ebsore t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb lidhura me adresa t\u00eb ndryshme IP. N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr opsionin ADD_ADDR p\u00ebr shpalljen e mund\u00ebsive. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP-adresat\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"829\">IP-adresat<\/a> me t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb lidhesh duke shtuar rrjedha t\u00eb reja n\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje ekzistuese MPTCP.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr konfigurimin e veprimeve n\u00eb rast se buxheti i polling-ut t\u00eb lidhjeve (busy-polling) tejkalohet. M\u00eb par\u00eb, moda e disponueshme SO_BUSY_POLL n\u00ebnkuptonte kalimin n\u00eb softirq kur buxheti shteronte. P\u00ebr aplikacionet q\u00eb nevojitet t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin polling, \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb opsion i ri SO_PREFER_BUSY_POLL.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb IPv6 \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modet SRv6 End.DT4 dhe End.DT6, t\u00eb aplikuara p\u00ebr krijimin e IPv4 L3 multi-user. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"155\">VPN<\/a> dhe pajisjeve VRF (Virtual routing and forwarding).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Netfilter \u00ebsht\u00eb unifikuar realizimi i shprehjeve set, \u00e7ka lejon specifikimin e disa shprehjeve p\u00ebr \u00e7do element t\u00eb listave set.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb rrjetin wireless 802.11 jan\u00eb shtuar API p\u00ebr konfigurimin e kufizimeve t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb SAR, si dhe parametrave AE PWE dhe HE MCS. N\u00eb driver-in Intel iwlwifi \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr diapazonin 6GHz (Ultra High Band). N\u00eb driver-in Qualcomm Ath11k \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb e konfigurimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjes FILS (Fast Initial Link Setup, e standardizuar si IEEE 802.11ai), e cila lejon eliminimin e vonesave gjat\u00eb roaming-ut t\u00eb migrimit nga nj\u00eb akses pik\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn.   <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin amdgpu \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr APU AMD \"Green Sardine\" (Ryzen 5000) dhe GPU \"Dimgrey Cavefish\" (Navi 2), si dhe mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr APU AMD Van Gogh me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Zen 2 dhe GPU RDNA 2 (Navi 2). \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr identifikuesit e rinj t\u00eb APU Renoir (t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb CPU Zen 2 dhe GPU Vega).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driver-in i915 p\u00ebr kartat grafike Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb IS (Integer scaling) me nj\u00eb filtr p\u00ebr zgjerimin e shkall\u00ebs duke marr\u00eb parasysh gjendjen e pikseleve fqinj (interpolimi Nearest-neighbor) p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar ngjyr\u00ebn e pikseleve t\u00eb munguar. \u00cbsht\u00eb zgjeruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kartat diskrete Intel DG1. \u00cbsht\u00eb zbatuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb \u00abBig Joiner\u00bb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme q\u00eb nga \u00e7ipet Ice Lake \/ Gen11 dhe lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb transkoduesi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e dy rrjedhave, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr daljen n\u00eb nj\u00eb ekran 8K p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb DisplayPort. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mod t\u00eb kalimit asinkron midis dy bufeve n\u00eb memorien e videos (async flip).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driver-in nouveau \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr GPU-n\u00eb NVIDIA me baz\u00eb n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn \u00abAmpere\u00bb (GA100, GeForce RTX 30xx), deri tani e kufizuar n\u00eb mjete p\u00ebr menaxhimin e regjimeve t\u00eb videos.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr protokollin 3WIRE, i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb panelat LCD. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr panelet novatek nt36672a, TDO tl070wsh30, Innolux N125HCE-GN1 dhe ABT Y030XX067A 3.0. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr panelin e smartphone-ve OnePlus 6 dhe 6T, e cila leht\u00ebsoi ngarkimin n\u00eb pajisjet me kernelin e pa modifikuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrolluesin e par\u00eb diskret USB4 host Intel Maple Ridge.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodek\u00ebt e z\u00ebrit Allwinner H6 I2S, Analog Devices ADAU1372, Intel Alderlake-S, GMediatek MT8192, NXP i.MX HDMI dhe XCVR, Realtek RT715 dhe Qualcomm SM8250.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat, pajisjet dhe platformat ARM: Galaxy Note 10.1, Microsoft Lumia 950 XL, NanoPi R1, FriendlyArm ZeroPi, Elimo Initium SBC, Broadcom BCM4908, Mediatek MT8192\/MT6779\/MT8167, MStar Infinity2M, Nuvoton NPCM730, Marvell Armada 382, Mikrotik mbi baz\u00ebn e Marvell Prestera 98DX3236, server\u00ebt me Nuvoton NPCM750 BMC, Kontron i.MX8M Mini, Espressobin Ultra, \u00abTrogdor\u00bb Chromebook, Kobol Helios64, Engicam PX30.Core.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr konsol\u00ebn e loj\u00ebrave Ouya q\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb NVIDIA Tegra 3.                        <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Fondi Latinoamerikan i Softuerit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb formoi nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrthames 5.11 - Linux-libre 5.11-gnu, i pastruar nga elementet e firmware-it dhe driverave q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponent\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ose pjes\u00eb kodi, p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkarkim jan\u00eb pastruar driverat p\u00ebr qat_4xxx (crypto), lt9611uxcm (dsi\/hdmi bridge), ccs\/smia++ (sensor), ath11k_pci, nxp audio transceiver dhe mhi pci controller. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob\u00ebve n\u00eb driverat dhe n\u00ebn-sistemat amdgpu, btqca, btrtl, btusb, i915 csr. Jan\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar blob\u00ebt e rinj n\u00eb m3 rproc, idt82p33 ptp clock dhe qualcomm arm64.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54581\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.11. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 Intel SGX, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 auxiliary, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 MODULE_LICENSE(), \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0432 seccomp, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ia64, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 WiMAX \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 &#171;staging&#187;, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 SCTP \u0432 UDP. \u0412 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 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