{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nd\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebt kryesore p\u00ebr zhvillimin e platform\u00ebs Android","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Google ka njoftuar p\u00ebrfshirjen e gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb programimit Rust n\u00eb list\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb lejuara p\u00ebr zhvillimin e platform\u00ebs Android. Kompilatori i Rust ishte p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pem\u00ebn e kodit burimor t\u00eb Android q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2019, por mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb gjuh\u00eb mbetej ende eksperimentale. Nd\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt e par\u00eb n\u00eb Rust q\u00eb planifikohet t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen me Android jan\u00eb implementimet e reja t\u00eb mekanizmit t\u00eb komunikimit nd\u00ebrprocesor Binder dhe t\u00eb stack-ut Bluetooth. <\/p>\n

Integrimi i Rust \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit p\u00ebr rritjen e siguris\u00eb, promovimin e praktikave t\u00eb programimit t\u00eb sigurt dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e efikasitetit n\u00eb zbulimin e problemeve q\u00eb lidhen me menaxhimin e memories n\u00eb Android. Theksohet se rreth 70% e t\u00eb gjitha dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb rrezikshme t\u00eb zbuluara n\u00eb Android shkaktohen nga gabime n\u00eb pun\u00ebn me memorien. P\u00ebrdorimi i Rust, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i fokusuar te puna e sigurt me memorien dhe ofron menaxhim automatik t\u00eb memories, do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb uljen e rrezikut t\u00eb shfaqjes s\u00eb dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb shkaktuara nga gabime t\u00eb tilla si qasja n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb memorieje pas \u00e7lirimit t\u00eb saj dhe tejkalimi i kufijve t\u00eb buffer-it. <\/p>\n

Puna e sigurt me memorien n\u00eb Rust sigurohet q\u00eb n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kompilimit p\u00ebrmes verifikimit t\u00eb referencave, ndjekjes s\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb objekteve dhe llogaritjes s\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre (fush\u00ebs s\u00eb vlefshm\u00ebris\u00eb), si edhe p\u00ebrmes vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb korrekt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb memorie gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit. Rust gjithashtu ofron mjete mbrojtjeje ndaj tejmbushjeve t\u00eb numrave t\u00eb plot\u00eb, k\u00ebrkon inicializimin e detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb vlerave t\u00eb variablave p\u00ebrpara p\u00ebrdorimit, trajton m\u00eb mir\u00eb gabimet n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn standarde, zbaton si parazgjedhje konceptin e pandryshueshm\u00ebris\u00eb (immutable) p\u00ebr referencat dhe variablat, si dhe ofron tipizim statik t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar gabimet logjike. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb Android, puna e sigurt me memorien sigurohet edhe nga gjuh\u00ebt tashm\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura Kotlin dhe Java, por ato nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr zhvillimin e komponent\u00ebve sistemor\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kostove t\u00eb larta shtes\u00eb. Rust b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur arritjen e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb af\u00ebrt me gjuh\u00ebt C dhe C++, gj\u00eb q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e tij p\u00ebr zhvillimin e pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb platform\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprim me pajisjen. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb garantuar sigurin\u00eb e kodit n\u00eb C dhe C++ n\u00eb Android, p\u00ebrdoren izolimi sandbox, analiza statike dhe testimi fuzzing. Mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e izolimit sandbox jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara dhe kan\u00eb arritur kufirin e tyre (ndarja e m\u00ebtejshme n\u00eb procese nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e arsyeshme nga pik\u00ebpamja e konsumit t\u00eb burimeve). Nd\u00ebr kufizimet e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb sandbox-it p\u00ebrmenden kostot e larta shtes\u00eb dhe rritja e konsumit t\u00eb memories, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar procese t\u00eb reja, si edhe vonesat shtes\u00eb q\u00eb lidhen me p\u00ebrdorimin e IPC. <\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, sandbox-i nuk i eliminon cenueshm\u00ebrit\u00eb n\u00eb kod, por vet\u00ebm ul rreziqet dhe e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebson kryerjen e nj\u00eb sulmi, pasi p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzim k\u00ebrkohet zbulimi jo i nj\u00eb, por i disa cenueshm\u00ebrive. Metodat e bazuara n\u00eb testimin e kodit kan\u00eb kufizimet e tyre, sepse p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar gabimet duhet t\u00eb krijohen kushtet q\u00eb problemi t\u00eb shfaqet. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb mbulohen t\u00eb gjitha variantet e mundshme, prandaj shum\u00eb gabime mbeten pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr proceset sistemore n\u00eb Android, kompania Google ndjek «rregullin e dy», sipas t\u00eb cilit \u00e7do kod i shtuar duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbush\u00eb jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy kushte nga tre: t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb paverifikuara, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programimi t\u00eb pasigurt (C\/C++) dhe t\u00eb ekzekutohet pa izolimin e rrept\u00eb t\u00eb sandbox-it (prania e privilegjeve t\u00eb rritura). Nga ky rregull, duhet t\u00eb nxirret se kodi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga jasht\u00eb duhet ose t\u00eb limitikohet n\u00eb privilegje minimale (izoluar), ose t\u00eb shkruhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programimi t\u00eb sigurt. <\/p>\n

Google nuk synon t\u00eb rishkruaj\u00eb n\u00eb Rust kodin ekzistues n\u00eb C\/C++, por planifikon ta p\u00ebrdor\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjuh\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e kodit t\u00eb ri. P\u00ebrdorimi i Rust p\u00ebr kodin e ri ka kuptim, sepse sipas statistikave shumica e gabimeve dalin n\u00eb pah n\u00eb kodin e ri ose n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshuar s\u00eb fundmi. Konkretisht, rreth 50% e gabimeve t\u00eb zbuluara t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb Android gjenden n\u00eb kod t\u00eb shkruar m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb.

\"Rust<\/center>
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 Android, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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