Phallo e nyane: LR ena ke ea maiketsetso.
E meng ea mesebetsi e hlalositsoeng mona e ka etsoa habonolo haholoanyane, empa kaha mosebetsi oa l/r ke ho tseba.
ka ts'ebetso ea raid le lvm, lits'ebetso tse ling li rarahane ka tsela ea maiketsetso.
Litlhokahalo tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho etsa LR:
Lisebelisoa tsa Virtualization joalo ka Virtualbox
Setšoantšo sa ho kenya Linux, mohlala Tsela ea 9
Ho fumaneha ha Marang-rang bakeng sa ho jarolla liphutheloana tse 'maloa
Hokela ka ssh ho VM e kentsoeng (ka boikhethelo)
HO NAHANA
Mosebetsi ona oa laboratori o amana le taba e poteletseng e kang ts'ireletso ea data - ena ke sebaka seo ho sona
e lumellang hore u lahleheloe ke lintlha tsohle tsa hau ka lebaka la phoso e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa - tlhaku e le 'ngoe e eketsehileng kapa nomoro.
Kaha u etsa mosebetsi oa laboratori, ha u kotsing, ntle le hore u tla tlameha ho qala ho e etsa hape.
Bophelong ba 'nete, ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e tebile haholo, kahoo u lokela ho kenya mabitso a disk ka hloko haholo, kutloisiso
hantle-ntle u etsa eng ka taelo ea hajoale le hore na u sebetsa ka li-disk life.
Ntlha ea bobeli ea bohlokoa ke ho reha li-disk le likaroloana: ho itšetlehile ka boemo, linomoro tsa disk li ka fapana
ho tsoa ho litekanyetso tseo tse hlahisitsoeng litaelong tsa mosebetsi oa laboratori.
Kahoo, ka mohlala, haeba u tlosa sda disk ho tsoa ho sehlopha ebe u eketsa disk e ncha, disk e ncha e tla hlahisoa.
tsamaisong e bitsoang sda. Haeba u qala hape pele u eketsa disk e ncha, joale e ncha
disk e tla bitsoa sdb, 'me ea khale e tla bitsoa sda
Lab e tlameha ho tsamaisoa joalo ka superuser (motso) joalo ka ha litaelo tse ngata li hloka
litokelo tse phahameng 'me ha ho utloahale ho lula u eketsa litokelo ka sudo
Libuka Tse Ithutoang
futuheloa
LVM
Ho reha lebitso la Disk ho Linux OS
Karolo ke eng
Tafole ea karohano ke eng, 'me e bolokiloe hokae?
Grub ke eng
Lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng
1) sheba lintlha tsa disk
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
fdisk -l
2) ho shebella tlhahisoleseling le ho sebetsa le LVM
pvs
pvextend
pvcreate
pvresize
etc
vgreduce
lvs
lveextende
3) ho shebella tlhahisoleseling le ho sebetsa le RAID
katse /proc/mdstat
soba
4) lintlha tse holimo
thabeng
chelete
katse /etc/fstab
katse /etc/mtab
5) karohano ea disk
fdisk /dev/XXX
6) ho kopitsa likarolo
dd haeba=/dev/xxx ea=/dev/yyy
7) ho sebetsa le tafole ea karohano
karolo
sfdisk
bokamoso 4
8) ho sebetsa le bootloader
grub-kenya /dev/XXX
ntjhafatso-grub
9) tse ling
lsof
loketseng tikolohong
rsync
Mosebetsi oa laboratori o na le likarolo tse 3:
ho theha sistimi e sebetsang e sebelisang lvm, raid
ho etsisa e 'ngoe ea liphoso tsa disk
ho fetola li-disk ka fofa, ho eketsa li-disk tse ncha le likarolo tse tsamaeang.
Mosebetsi oa 1 (ho kenya OS le ho hlophisoa ha LVM, RAID)
1) Theha mochine o mocha oa sebele, o fane ka litšobotsi tse latelang:
1 gb ram
1 lik'hilograma
2 hdds (li bitse ssd1, ssd2 'me u fane ka boholo bo lekanang, hlahloba hot swap le mabokose a ssd)
Selaoli sa SATA se etselitsoe likou tse 4
2) Qala ho kenya Linux 'me ha u fihla ho khetha li-hard drive, etsa tse latelang:
Mokhoa oa ho arola: buka, ka mor'a moo o lokela ho bona setšoantšo sena:
Ho theha karohano e arohaneng bakeng sa / boot: Khetha disk ea pele 'me u thehe tafole e ncha ea karohano ho eona
Boholo ba karohano: 512M
Sebaka sa thaba: /boot
Pheta litlhophiso tsa disk ea bobeli, empa kaha ha u khone ho kenya / boot habeli ka nako e le 'ngoe, khetha sebaka sa ho hloa: ha ho na, qetellong u fumane tse latelang (setšoantšo se nang le jamb, se botsoa haholo ho se etsa hape):
Ho theha RAID:
Khetha sebaka sa mahala ho disk ea pele 'me u lokise mofuta oa karohano e le molumo oa' mele bakeng sa RAID
Khetha "Ke qetile ho seta karohano"
Pheta litlhophiso tse tšoanang hantle bakeng sa disk ea bobeli, e hlahisang tse latelang:
Khetha "Configure software RAID"
Theha sesebelisoa sa MD
Mofuta oa sesebelisoa sa Software RAID: Khetha sehlopha se nang le seipone
Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang bakeng sa sehlopha sa RAID XXXX: Khetha li-drive ka bobeli
Lisebelisoa tse setseng: Tlohela 0 e le ea kamehla
Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang bakeng sa sehlopha sa RAID XX: khetha likarolo tseo u li entseng nakong ea tlhaselo
fihlela qetellong
Ka lebaka leo, o lokela ho fumana setšoantšo se kang sena:
Ho lokisa LVM: Khetha Lokisetsa Molaoli oa Volume oa Logical
Boloka sebopeho sa hona joale sa karohano 'me u hlophise LVM: E
Theha sehlopha sa molumo
Lebitso la sehlopha sa molumo: tsamaiso
Lisebelisoa tsa sehlopha se secha sa molumo: Khetha RAID eo u e entseng
Etsa molumo o utloahalang
lebitso la molumo o utloahalang: motso
boholo ba molumo o utloahalang: 25 ea boholo ba disk ea hau
Etsa molumo o utloahalang
lebitso la molumo o utloahalang: var
boholo ba molumo o utloahalang: 25 ea boholo ba disk ea hau
Etsa molumo o utloahalang
lebitso la molumo o utloahalang: log
boholo ba molumo o utloahalang: 15 ea boholo ba disk ea hau
Ka ho khetha lintlha tsa tlhophiso ea Display o lokela ho fumana setšoantšo se latelang:
Ha u se u qetile ho theha LVM u lokela ho bona tse latelang:
Sebopeho sa karohano: ka bonngoe, khetha molumo o mong le o mong o entsoeng ho LVM 'me u li behe, mohlala, bakeng sa motso o kang ona:
Sebelisa joalo ka: ext4
sebaka sa thaba: /
Sephetho sa ho tšoaea karohano ea motso se lokela ho shebahala tjena:
pheta ts'ebetso ea karohano bakeng sa var le log, ho khetha libaka tse loketseng tsa ho hloa (/ var le / var / log e kentsoeng ka letsoho), ho fumana sephetho se latelang:
Khetha Qetella karohano
U tla botsoa lipotso tse 'maloa mabapi le taba ea hore u ntse u e-na le karohano e sa tsitsang mme swap ha e so lokisoe. Lipotso tseo ka bobeli li lokela ho arajoa ka tsela e mpe.
Sephetho sa ho qetela se lokela ho shebahala tjena:
3) Qetella ho kenya OS ka ho kenya grub ho sesebelisoa sa pele (sda) le ho qalisa tsamaiso.
4) Kopitsa litaba tsa karohano ea / boot ho tloha ho sda drive (ssd1) ho ea ho sdb drive (ssd2)
Thathamisa li-disk tsohle tseo taelo e fetileng e u fileng tsona 'me u hlalose hore na ke disk ea mofuta ofe
Fumana koloi moo grub e sa kang ea kenngoa 'me u kenye kopo ena: grub-install /dev/sdb
sheba tlhahisoleseling mabapi le tlhaselo ea hajoale ka taelo ea katse /proc/mdstat 'me u ngole seo u se bonang.
sheba tlhahiso ea litaelo: pvs, vgs, lvs, phahamisa 'me u ngole seo u se boneng hantle.
Hlalosa ka mantsoe a hao seo u se entseng le hore na u fumane litholoana life mosebetsing oo.
Kamora ho qeta mosebetsi ona, ho khothaletsoa ho boloka kopi ea "backup" ea foldara ea mochini o hlakileng kapa o e etse
vagrant box: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191
Sephetho: Mochini oa sebele o nang le li-disks ssd1, ssd2
Mosebetsi oa 2 (Ho etsisa ho hlōleha ha e 'ngoe ea li-disks)
1) Haeba u hlahlobile lebokose le chesang la ho fetola, u ka hlakola li-disk ka fofa
Hlakola disk ssd1 ka thepa ea mochine
Fumana bukana moo lifaele tsa mochini oa hau li bolokiloeng 'me u hlakole ssd1.vmdk
2) Etsa bonnete ba hore mochini oa hau o ntse o sebetsa
3) Qala hape mochine oa sebele 'me u netefatse hore o ntse o sebetsa
4) hlahloba boemo ba sehlopha sa RAID: cat /proc/mdstat
5) eketsa disk e ncha ea boholo bo lekanang sebopeho sa VM ebe u e reha ssd3
6) etsa ts'ebetso:
bona hore disk e ncha e fihlile tsamaisong e sebelisa fdisk -l
kopitsa tafole ea karohano ho tloha ho disk ea khale ho ea ho e ncha: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
sheba sephetho u sebelisa fdisk -l
Kenya disk e ncha ho sehlopha sa tlhaselo: mdadm -manage /dev/md0 -eketsa /dev/YYY
Sheba sephetho: cat /proc/mdstat. O lokela ho bona hore kamahanyo e se e qadile
7) Joale o hloka ho hokahanya likaroloana tseo e seng karolo ea RAID.
Ho etsa sena, re tla sebelisa dd utility, ho kopitsa ho tloha "phela" disk ho e ncha eo u sa tsoa e kenya.
dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY
8) Kamora hore khokahano e felile, kenya grub ho drive e ncha
9) Qala hape VM ho netefatsa hore tsohle lia sebetsa
Hlalosa ka mantsoe a hao seo u se entseng le hore na u fumane litholoana life mosebetsing oo.
Sephetho: Disk ssd1 e tlositsoe, disk ssd2 e bolokiloe, disk ssd3 e kenyelelitsoe.
Mosebetsi oa 3 (Ho eketsa li-disk tse ncha le ho tsamaisa karohano)
Ona ke mosebetsi o rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa le o boima ho feta tsohle tse hlahisitsoeng.
Sheba ka hloko seo u se etsang le hore na ke li-disk le li-partitions life.
Ho khothalletsoa ho etsa kopi pele o e sebelisa.
Mosebetsi ona o ikemetse ho mosebetsi oa 2; o ka etsoa ka mor'a mosebetsi oa 1, o lokiselitsoe mabitso a disk.
Karolo ea bobeli ea mosebetsi ona oa laboratori e lokela ho lebisa boemong bo tšoanang hantle le boo e neng e le ka mor'a ho qeta karolo ea pele.
Ho etsa hore mosebetsi oa hau o be bonolo, nka khothaletsa hore u se ke ua tlosa li-disk tsa 'mele ho mochini o amohelang, empa feela
li hakolle ka thepa ea mochine. Ho ea ka pono ea OS ho VM e tla shebahala e ts'oana hantle, empa u ka khona
haeba ho etsahala ntho e itseng, kopanya disk morao 'me u tsoele pele mosebetsi ka ho khutlisetsa lintlha tse' maloa, haeba
o na le mathata. Ka mohlala, e ka 'na eaba u entse phoso kapa u lebetse ho kopitsa karolo ea / boot ho disk e ncha.
Nka u eletsa feela hore u hlahlobe habeli hore na ke li-disk le li-partitions life tseo u sebetsang le tsona ka makhetlo a 'maloa, kapa ho feta
Ngola pampiring ngollano pakeng tsa li-disk, li-partitions le nomoro ea disk "ea 'mele". Sefate se setle le se hlakileng
sehlopha se hula lsblk, e sebelise hangata kamoo ho ka khonehang ho hlahlobisisa seo u se entseng le se lokelang ho etsoa.
Ho pale...
Ak'u nahane hore seva sa hau se 'nile sa sebetsa nako e telele ho li-drive tsa 2 SSD, ha ka tšohanyetso ...
1) Etsisa ho hloleha ha ssd2 disk ka ho tlosa disk ho thepa ea VM le ho qala bocha
2) Sheba boemo ba hajoale ba li-disk le RAID:
5) Pele ho tsohle, o lokela ho hlokomela polokeho ea data ho disk ea khale.
Lekhetlong lena re tla fetisetsa data re sebelisa LVM:
Pele ho tsohle, o hloka ho kopitsa tafole ea faele ho tloha ho disk ea khale ho ea ho e ncha:
sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
Kenya li-disk tse nepahetseng bakeng sa x,y 'me u fumane hore na taelo ena e etsa eng.
Etsa taelo lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT 'me u bapise tlhahiso ea eona le mohala o fetileng.
Ho fetohile eng?
sebelisa taelo ea dd ho kopitsa /boot data ho disk e ncha
dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY
haeba / boot e lula e behiloe ho disk ea khale, e lokela ho kenngoa hape ho disk e phelang:
mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab.
# Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск
Kenya bootloader ho ssd drive e ncha
grub-install /dev/YYY
Ke hobane'ng ha re etsa opereishene ee?
theha sehlopha se secha sa tlhaselo ho kenyelletsa le ssd disk e le 'ngoe feela:
Taelo e ka holimo e ke ke ea sebetsa ntle le ho bolela senotlolo se khethehileng.
Bala thuso 'me u kenye senotlolo sena ho taelo.
Sebelisa taelo ea katse /proc/mdstat ho lekola sephetho sa ts'ebetso ea hau. Ho fetohile eng?
Etsa taelo lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT 'me u bapise tlhahiso ea eona le mohala o fetileng.
Ho fetohile eng?
6) Mohato o latelang ke ho lokisa LVM
tsamaisa taelo ea pvs ho sheba tlhahisoleseling mabapi le meqolo ea hona joale ea 'mele
theha molumo o mocha oa 'mele ho kenyelletsa le sehlopha sa RAID se entsoeng pele:
pvcreate /dev/md63
Etsa taelo lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT 'me u bapise tlhahiso ea eona le mohala o fetileng.
Ho fetohile eng?
Sebelisa taelo ea pvs hape. Ho fetohile eng?
Ha re eketse boholo ba sistimi ea Volume Group re sebelisa taelo e latelang:
vgextend system /dev/md63
Matha litaelo ebe u ngola seo u se boneng le se fetohileng.
vgdisplay system -v
pvs
vgs
lvs -a -o+devices
LV var,log,root e fumaneha ho disk efe ea 'mele hajoale?
Tsamaisa lintlha ho tloha koloing ea khale ho ea ho e ncha, u sebelisa mabitso a nepahetseng a lisebelisoa.
Pheta tšebetso bakeng sa meqolo eohle e utloahalang
Matha litaelo ebe u ngola seo u se boneng le se fetohileng.
vgdisplay system -v
pvs
vgs
lvs -a -o+devices
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
Ha re fetole VG ea rona ka ho tlosa disk ea khale ea tlhaselo ho eona. Kenya lebitso le nepahetseng la tlhaselo.
vgreduce system /dev/md0
Matha litaelo ebe u ngola seo u se boneng le se fetohileng.
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
pvs
vgs
Ho etsa hore setšoantšo se be ntle le ho feta, khutlisetsa / boot ho ssd disk ea bobeli (ssd4) 'me u tsamaise lsblk. Ka lebaka leo, ssd3 disk ha e etse joalo
ha ho letho le lokelang ho kenngoa. Sheba ka hloko hore / boot partition ha e na letho! ls /boot e tlameha ho bontsha
lifaele le lifoldara tse 'maloa. Ithute se bolokiloeng karolong ena 'me u ngole hore na ke buka efe ea lifaele e ikarabellang bakeng sa eng.
7) tlosa ssd3 disk 'me u kenye ssd5, hdd1, hdd2 ho latela litlhaloso tsa tekheniki tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo, tse hlahisang:
ssd4 - ssd ea pele e ncha
ssd5 - ea bobeli e ncha ssd
hdd1 - HD ea pele e ncha
hdd2 - hdd ea bobeli e ncha
9) Ha re khutlisetse ts'ebetso ea sehlopha se seholo sa tlhaselo:
kopitsa tafole ea karohano, u nkele li-disk tse nepahetseng:
sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
Ka kopo hlokomela hore ha re kopitsa tafole ea karohano ho tswa ho disk ea khale, ho ne ho bonahala eka boholo bo bocha
ha e sebelise matla a hard drive kaofela.
Ka hona, haufinyane re tla hloka ho fetola karohano ena le ho holisa tlhaselo.
Iponele ka ho tsamaisa taelo:
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
10) kopitsa karolo ea boot / boot ho tloha ssd4 ho ssd5
dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY
11) Kenya grub ho drive e ncha (ssd5)
12) fetola boholo ba karolo ea bobeli ea ssd5 disk
tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa ho arola disk:
fdisk /dev/XXX
kenya konopo ea d ho hlakola karohano e teng (khetha 2)
kenya konopo n ho theha karohano e ncha
kenya konopo ea p ho bontša mofuta oa karohano "ea mantlha"
kenya senotlolo 2 e le hore karohano e ncha e be le nomoro ea bobeli
Karolo ea pele: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baliloeng ka boiketsetso ba qalo ea karohano
Karolo ea ho qetela: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baloang ka bohona ba pheletso ea karohano
kenya konopo ea l ho bona lethathamo la mefuta eohle ea karohano le ho fumana Linux raid auto ho eona
kenya konopo ea t ho fetola mofuta oa karohano e entsoeng (2) ebe u kenya nomoro e fumanoeng mohatong o fetileng.
kenya konopo ea w ho ngola phetoho ho disk.
12) bala hape tafole ea karohano 'me u hlahlobe sephetho
eketsa disk e ncha ho sehlopha sa hona joale sa tlhaselo (u se ke ua lebala ho kenya li-disk tse nepahetseng sebakeng sa eona)
mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2
Ha re atoloseng palo ea li-disk tse lethathamong la rona ho 2:
mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2
Sheba sephetho: re na le lihlopha tse 2 tse tšoailoeng, empa likarolo tseo ka bobeli li kenyellelitsoe lethathamong lena li na le boholo bo fapaneng.
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
13) eketsa boholo ba karohano ho ssd4 disk
tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa ho arola disk:
fdisk /dev/XXX
kenya konopo ea d ho hlakola karohano e teng (khetha 2)
kenya konopo n ho theha karohano e ncha
kenya konopo ea p ho bontša mofuta oa karohano "ea mantlha"
kenya senotlolo 2 e le hore karohano e ncha e be le nomoro ea bobeli
Karolo ea pele: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baliloeng ka boiketsetso ba qalo ea karohano
Karolo ea ho qetela: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baloang ka bohona ba pheletso ea karohano
Qetellong ea markup, khetha Che ho siea mosaeno oa karolo ea sehlopha.
kenya konopo ea w ho ngola phetoho ho disk.
12) bala hape tafole ea karohano 'me u hlahlobe sephetho
Ka kopo hlokomela hore sda2, likarolo tsa sdc2 li na le boholo> ho feta boholo ba sesebelisoa sa tlhaselo.
13) mothating ona boholo ba tlhaselo joale bo ka atolosoa
mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result
Hlahloba lsblk 'me u hlokomele hore na ho fetohile eng
14) Leha ho le joalo, leha re ile ra fetola boholo ba tlhaselo, boholo ba motso oa vg, var, log ka bobona ha boa ka ba fetoha.
sheba boholo ba PV:
pvs
Ha re eketse boholo ba PV ea rona:
pvresize /dev/md63
sheba boholo ba PV:
pvs
15) Kenya sebaka se sa tsoa hlaha VG var,root
lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
lvs # проверьте что получилось
Mothating ona, o qetile ho fallisetsa sehlopha se seholo ho li-disk tse ncha. sebetsa ka ssd1, ssd2 e phethiloe
16) Mosebetsi oa rona o latelang ke ho tsamaisa / var / log ho li-disks tse ncha, bakeng sa sena re tla etsa lethathamo le lecha le lvm ho li-disk tsa hdd.
ha re boneng hore na li-drive tse ncha tsa hdd li na le mabitso afe
Ha re theheng PV e ncha nakong ea tlhaselo ea li-disk tse kholo
pvcreate data /dev/md127
Ha re theheng sehlopha ho PV ena e bitsoang data
vgcreate data /dev/md127
Ha re theheng molumo o utloahalang ka boholo ba sebaka sohle sa mahala ebe re se bitsa val_log
lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат
fometa karohano e entsoeng ho ext4
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log
ha re bone sephetho
lsblk
17) fetisetsa data ea log ho tloha karolong ea khale ho ea ho e ncha
kenya polokelo e ncha ea log ka nakoana
mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt
ha re hokahanyang li-partitions
apt install rsync
rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/
Ha re fumane hore na ke lits'ebetso life tse ntseng li sebetsa hona joale ho /var/log
apt install lsof
lsof | grep '/var/log'
emisa lits'ebetso tsena
systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket
etsa khokahano ea ho qetela ea li-partitions (data e kanna ea fetoha ho tloha ha ho amahanngoa la ho qetela)
rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/
fetola likarolo
umount /mnt
umount /var/log
mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log
ha re hlahlobeng se etsahetseng
lsblk
18) Fetola /etc/fstab
fstab - faele e tlalehang melao eo ka eona li-partitions li tla kenngoa booting
mosebetsi oa rona ke ho fumana mohala moo /var/log e kentsoeng teng le ho lokisa sesebelisoa system-log mabapi le data-var_log
19) Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sethaleng sena ke ho se lebale ho fetola tafole ea radela (ext4, mohlala). Hobane ho sa tsotellehe hore na re fetola tlhaselo efe kapa efe, lvm, ho fihlela FS ka karohano e tsebisoa hore boholo ba karohano bo fetohile joale, re ke ke ra khona ho sebelisa sebaka se secha. Sebelisa taelo resize2fs ho fetola FS.
20) Ntho ea ho qetela
Ha re qaleng bocha. Haeba u entse ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka nepo, u tla khutlisetsoa ho OS ea hau (sena sea hlokahala ho etsa bonnete ba hore ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebetsa. Mohato ona ha o na moelelo ntle le ho itlhahloba)
hlahloba hore na tsohle tseo re neng re batla ho li etsa li entsoe:
pvs
lvs
vgs
lsblk
cat /proc/mdstat
21) [KGETHO] Latela mehato
qala hape ka ho tobetsa F12 ho hlakisa li-drive tse fapaneng ha u qala ho etsa bonnete ba hore u ka qala
ho tsoa leha e le efe ea li-drive tsa ssd, e le hore re se ke ra tšaba ho hlōleha ha e 'ngoe ea tsona
joale u na le LV log e sa hlokahaleng ho VG system. Abela sebaka sena pakeng tsa motso kapa var, empa sebakeng sa ho sebelisa
meralo 100% MAHALA hlalosa boholo ka letsoho u sebelisa senotlolo sa -L:
-L 500M
lokisa bothata ba hore / boot e fumaneha likarolong tse peli ntle le ho lumellana, ha ho hlokahale hore u etse sena ka nepo,
e eketsoa mona e le mohlala. Se ke oa lebala ho kopitsa litaba tsa /boot kae-kae pele.
theha tlhaselo e ncha 'me u kenyelle sda1,sda2 ho eona
kenyelletsa likarolo tsena tlhaselong e teng le ho khutlisetsa / boot ho tlhaselo e kholo, empa ntle le ho e phahamisa.