Alpine Linux hangata e khothaletsoa joalo ka setšoantšo sa motheo bakeng sa Docker. U bolelloa hore ho sebelisa Alpine ho tla etsa hore meaho ea hau e be nyane mme ts'ebetso ea hau ea kaho e potlake.
Empa haeba u sebelisa Alpine Linux bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa Python, joale e:
- E etsa hore moralo oa hau o be butle haholo
- E holisa litšoantšo tsa hau
- Ho itshenyetsa nako
- 'Me qetellong e ka baka liphoso nakong ea ho sebetsa
Ha re shebeng hore na ke hobaneng ha Alpine e khothaletsoa, empa ke hobane'ng ha u ntse u sa lokela ho e sebelisa le Python.
Ke hobane'ng ha batho ba khothalletsa Alpine?
Ha re nke hore re hloka gcc e le karolo ea setšoantšo sa rona mme re batla ho bapisa Alpine Linux vs Ubuntu 18.04 mabapi le lebelo la ho aha le boholo ba setšoantšo sa ho qetela.
Taba ea pele, ha re khoasolle litšoantšo tse peli ebe re bapisa boholo ba tsona:
$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
ubuntu 18.04 ccc6e87d482b 64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 5.59MB
Joalokaha u ka bona, setšoantšo sa motheo bakeng sa Alpine se nyane haholo. Ha re leke hona joale ho kenya gcc mme re qale ka Ubuntu:
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc &&
apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Ho ngola Dockerfile e phethahetseng ho feta boholo ba sengoloa sena.
Ha re lekanye lebelo la kopano:
$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae
real 0m29.251s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu-gcc latest b6a3ee33acb8 9 seconds ago 150MB
Re pheta se tšoanang bakeng sa Alpine (Dockerfile):
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc
Rea bokana, sheba nako le boholo ba kopano:
$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3
real 0m15.461s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine-gcc latest efd626923c14 7 seconds ago 105MB
Joalokaha ho tšepisitsoe, litšoantšo tse thehiloeng Alpine li bokelloa ka potlako 'me li nyenyane: metsotsoana ea 15 ho e-na le 30 le boholo ba setšoantšo ke 105MB khahlanong le 150MB. E ntle haholo!
Empa haeba re fetohela ho aheng kopo ea Python, ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ha e monate hakaalo.
Setšoantšo sa Python
Lisebelisoa tsa Python hangata li sebelisa li-pandas le matplotlib. Ka hona, khetho e le 'ngoe ke ho nka setšoantšo sa semmuso se thehiloeng ho Debian u sebelisa Dockerfile ena:
FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
Ha re e bokelle:
$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest
real 0m30.297s
user 0m0.043s
sys 0m0.020s
Re fumana setšoantšo sa 363MB ka boholo.
Na re tla phela betere ka Alpine? Ha re leke:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
---> a0ee0c90a0db
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 6740adad3729
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info
...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1
Ho ntse ho tsoela pele
Alpine ha e tšehetse mabili
Haeba u sheba mohaho, o thehiloeng ho Debian, u tla bona hore o khoasolla matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.
Ena ke binary bakeng sa lebili. Alpine e khoasolla mehloli ea `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` kaha ha e tšehetse maemo .
Hobaneng? Liphatlalatso tse ngata tsa Linux li sebelisa mofuta oa GNU (glibc) oa laeborari e tloaelehileng ea C, eo ha e le hantle e hlokoang ke lenaneo le leng le le leng le ngotsoeng ka C, ho kenyeletsoa Python. Empa Alpine e sebelisa `musl`, 'me kaha li-binary tseo li etselitsoe `glibc`, ha se khetho feela.
Ka hona, haeba u sebelisa Alpine, u lokela ho bokella khoutu eohle e ngotsoeng ka C ka har'a sephutheloana se seng le se seng sa Python.
Oh, e, u tla tlameha ho batla lethathamo la lintho tsohle tse joalo tse itšetlehileng ka uena tse lokelang ho bokelloa.
Tabeng ena, re fumana sena:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
'Me nako ea ho haha e nka ...
... Metsotso e 25 metsotsoana e 57! 'Me boholo ba setšoantšo ke 851MB.
Litšoantšo tse thehiloeng ho Alpine li nka nako e telele ho hahoa, li kholoanyane ka boholo, 'me u ntse u hloka ho batla lintho tsohle tse itšetlehileng ka tsona. Ehlile u ka fokotsa boholo ba kopano u sebelisa empa hoo ho bolela hore ho na le mosebetsi o mongata o lokelang ho etsoa.
Ha se tsohle!
Alpine e ka baka likokoana-hloko tse sa lebelloang nakong ea ho sebetsa
- Ka khopolo, musl e lumellana le glibc, empa ha e le hantle liphapang li ka baka mathata a mangata. 'Me haeba li le teng, mohlomong li tla ba tse sa thabiseng. Mathata a mang a ka hlahang ke ana:
- Alpine e na le boholo bo fokolang ba khoele ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, e ka lebisang ho
- Basebelisi ba bang ba fumane seo ka lebaka la tsela eo musl a fanang ka mohopolo (e fapaneng le glibc).
- E mong oa basebelisi
Ehlile liphoso tsena li se li lokisitsoe, empa ke mang ea tsebang hore na ho tla ba le tse kae hape.
Se ke oa sebelisa litšoantšo tsa Alpine bakeng sa Python
Haeba u sa batle ho khathatseha ka meaho e meholo le e telele, ho batla litšepiso le liphoso tse ka bang teng, u se ke oa sebelisa Alpine Linux joalo ka setšoantšo sa motheo. .
Source: www.habr.com