Histori eohle ea moloko oa batho ke boiteko ba ho senya tsamaiso ea khale ea lintho le ho haha e ncha, ha e le hantle, e molemo. (Sengoli se sa tsejoeng)
Sehloohong sa ho qetela re fumane theknoloji eo li-blockchains tsohle li sebetsang ho eona. Ke nako ea ho utloisisa hore na mathata a kajeno a blockchain a ka a rarolla. Taba ea pele, a re shebeng li-analytics tsa boemo ba hajoale ba blockchain le litebello tsa bokamoso. Joaloka setsebi sa tekheniki, ke khahliloe ke Gartner ka mekhahlelo ea eona e mengata ea khōlo ea theknoloji (Hype Cycles). Kerafo e bonts'a potoloho ea kholo ea blockchain khoebong qetellong ea 2018. Ho ka fihleloa liqeto life?
Litlhahlobo tse tsoang ho Gartner
- Setšoantšo se bontša hore liindasteri tse ngata tsa morao-rao li leka ho sebelisa thibela ho rarolla mathata a tlhahiso ea bona, 'me selemo se seng le se seng ho hlaha liindasteri tse ncha tse qalang ho hlahloba blockchain.
- Ka nako e tšoanang, ha ho indasteri e le ’ngoe e seng e fihlile sehlabeng sa tlhahiso, kapa esita le moepa oa leseli.
- Ha e le hantle, ha se liindasteri tsohle tse seng li le tseleng e lebisang tlhōrōng ea litebello tse tla fihla sehlabeng sa tlhahiso, empa ho ahlola ka boholo ba mokhatlo ona, ho 5-10 re tla bona ts'ebeliso e atileng ea linyeoe tse 'maloa.
- Bitcoin, merafo le cryptocurrency ka kakaretso li hokae, u botsa? Na tsona theknoloji tsee li tlisa phaello e khōlō? Ba ne ba le lichabeng tsa lilemo tse fetileng, empa selemong sena ba se ba tlohile sehlabeng sa tlhahiso lilemong tsa bona tse 10 tse hlokahalang.
Kerafo e latelang e bonts'a kholo ea mahlale a blockchain:
U ka re'ng ka kerafo ee?
- Boholo ba mahlale a morao-rao a blockchain le ona a leqhubu la lipuisano. Empa eseng hobane tsena ke theknoloji e ncha, empa hobane liindasteri li ntse li hlahloba hore na li sebetsa joang ho sebopeho sa tsona sa data, molumo le lebelo la ts'ebetso ea tsona, 'me li batla menyetla ea ho eketsa katleho le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ho sebelisa theknoloji ea blockchain.
- Thahasello ea meepo ea chelete ea crypto, blockchain ea khale le, ka kakaretso, ho thekenoloji ea ledger e ajoang e qala ho fokotseha.
Joale a re boneng hore na liindasteri li leka ho sebelisa li-blockchain bakeng sa linyeoe life. Qetellong ea selemo sa 2018, Gartner o ile a etsa boithuto mme a hlahisa liphetho tsa eona ka mokhoa oa matrix, moo linyeoe li thathamisitsoeng ka holimo, indasteri e otlolohile, 'me lipotoloho tse mateanong a litsela li bonts'a hore na nyeoe e itseng e batloa hakae indastering e itseng:
Ho ka fihleloa liqeto life tafoleng ee?
- Merero e mengata e sebelisa blockchain ho rekota, ho aba le ho arolelana lintlha (Ho Boloka Rekoto e Kopanetsoeng le ho Boloka Tlaleho ea ka hare).
- Karolo ea bohlokoa ea merero e sebelisa blockchain ho latela motsamao oa boleng kapa phetoho ea beng ba eona (Ho latela Thepa).
- Identification (Identity Management) e hlokahala butle-butle hoo e ka bang liindastering tsohle.
- Hona joale, tokenization (Digital Tokens) ha e hlokehe haholo 'me, ho makatsang ke hore ho ka boleloa se tšoanang ka likonteraka tse bohlale (Smart Contracts).
Setšoantšo se akaretsang sa blockchain
Ha ba hula blockchain mabapi le indasteri leha e le efe, merero eohle e tšoana hantle: ho na le marang-rang a thibelang, barupeluoa ba ngola le ho bala tlhahisoleseding ho eona ba sebelisa Dapp (decentralized application). Phapang ke tsohle ka lintlha tse qaqileng, mohlala, tlhahisoleseding e ka tlalehoa ho blockchain eseng feela ke batho, empa hape le lisebelisoa tsa sethaleng sa IoT (Internet of Things). Ha re nahaneng ka morero o akaretsang re sebelisa mohlala oa IoT, hobane ena ke e 'ngoe ea likopo tse buuoang haholo ka blockchain. Ho feta moo, re tla hlomella lisebelisoa tsa IoT ka SIM card bakeng sa ho fetisa 'malo re sebelisa marang-rang a mohala oa mohala oa thelefono, kapa ho feta moo, eSIM, e le hore ho ka sebelisoa marang-rang a mehala. Marang-rang a selefouno, ehlile, e tla ba 5G, hobane ... ho sebeletsa lisebelisoa tsa IoT ke e 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tsa marang-rang a 5G. Lumella li-module tsa GPS/GLONASS ho latela sebaka sa hau. E le hore likonteraka tse bohlale li sebetse ka botlalo, ho hlokahala hore ho be le boitsebiso bo tsoang mehloling e ka ntle, mohlala, lichelete tsa hona joale kapa lichelete tsa lichelete. Bakeng sa morero ona, ho sebelisoa seo ho thoeng ke li-oracle tsa blockchain. Qetellong ke mojule oa bohlale ba maiketsetso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea data. hore AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms e tla sebetsa ka katleho ho data e tsoang ho blockchain, hobane li feletse, li tsitsitse, 'me li hlophisitsoe ka tsela e ikhethang ho ea ka nako.
Kahoo, re fumane leano le akaretsang la merero ea blockchain. Hona joale u ka ngola sehlooho leha e le sefe ho sona 'me u se fetole setšoantšo se loketseng liindasteri tse fapaneng. Mohlala, "Ho latela motsamao oa litanka bakeng sa indasteri ea oli" kapa "Likarolo tsa ho hlahisa indasteri ea likoloi" kapa "Ho fana ka nama ea polasi mabenkeleng a mabenkele."
Blockchain + IoT + 5G + GPS + AI
Ha re feteleng ho linyeoe tse itseng.
Tlhahlobo ea nyeoe
Ha re khetheng linyeoe bakeng sa liindasteri tse thathamisitsoeng 'me re nahane ka hore na li ka sebelisoa ho li-blockchains life. Hoa etsahala hore ha ho hlokahale ho batla letho, hobane ... mme ho na le nako "»ka mehlala le likhokahano. E na le linyeoe tsa ts'ebeliso ea blockchain liindasteri tse latelang:
- indasteri ea likoloi
- lefapha la mmuso
- lefapha la merafo
- tlhokomelo ea bophelo
- Setso le bonono
- Thekiso ea Matlo
- tlhahiso
- thekiso
- Temo
- telecom
- tsamaisa
- lefapha la lichelete
- lefapha la eneji
- copyright accounting
Liqeto tse tsoang ho tlhahlobo ea sete ea linyeoe
- Ehlile, blockchain e lumellana hantle le fintech, hobane ... litšebelisano le liphetoho ho beng ba boleng ke motheo oa tsamaiso ea lichelete.
- Hoa utloahala ho sebelisa blockchain maemong ao ho nang le "liketane tsa phepelo", mohlala, lipalangoang tsa lijana. Sets'oants'o sena se bonahala e le letlotlo la bohlokoa le fetisetsoang ho beng ho tloha k'hamphaning e 'ngoe ea lipalangoang ho ea ho e' ngoe. Kapa, ho etsa mohlala, ho ngola lijo le ho sala morao ketane eohle ea phepelo ea lijo ho tloha mapolasing ho ea mabenkeleng a mabenkele. Tabeng ena, moreki a ka netefatsa hore sehlahisoa se hlahisitsoe ke moetsi ea itseng tlas'a maemo a itseng. Matsatsing ana, tlhahisoleseling e joalo ka li-label e ka nkuoa feela ka lentsoe la eona.
- Taba e amehang ke ho tsebahatsa batho ba IAM (Identity and Access Management) le ho boloka data ea hau. Ka ho fihla ha blockchain, ho ile ha hlaha tharollo e thehiloeng ho boloka boitsebiso ba motho ka har'a ngoliso e ajoang, 'me ka thuso ea protocol ea Zero Knowledge Proof, motho a ka iketsetsa qeto ea hore na o tla fana ka data efe ho mang. Ka mohlala, mohlala oa khale ke tiiso ea hore moahi o feta lilemo tse 18. Matsatsing ana, pasepoto kapa laesense e sebelisoa bakeng sa sena, e nang le data e sa amaneng le netefatso ka boeona, joalo ka ho ngolisoa. U sebelisa blockchain, ho tla khoneha ho netefatsa hore motho o lilemo li 18 ntle le ho senola lintlha tse ling.
- Sefofaneng se le seng ho na le taba ea ho rekota lintlha tsa bongaka mabapi le bakuli ba blockchain e le hore ba ka fetisetsoa pakeng tsa mekhatlo ntle le ho tlōla lekunutu. 'Me sena ke tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea linyeoe tse ngata, moo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho tsebahatsa batho le monyetla oa ho phatlalatsa tlhahisoleseding e sa sitisoeng,' me ka lehlakoreng le leng, hoa hlokahala ho sireletsa (encrypt) data ea botho le ea botho.
Blockchain le mmuso
Linaheng tse ngata, ho na le mananeo a mmuso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea blockchain. Ho akarelletsa le Russia ho na le , moo blockchain (registry e ajoang) e nkoang e le e 'ngoe ea libaka tsa ntlafatso. Nts'etsopele ea blockchain ka litsela tse latelang e bohlokoa bakeng sa mmuso:
- Ho theha lirekoto tsa thekiso ea thepa, mohlala ka thekiso ea matlo;
- Ho theha litokomane tsa ngoliso ea sechaba, mohlala, bakeng sa ngoliso ea matsoalo, manyalo, tlhalo;
- Ho rekota likhetho le liphetho tsa likhetho ho blockchain.
Blockchain le Telecom
Linyeoe tse sebelisoang indastering ea Telecom li tla susumetsa batho ba bangata. Bakeng sa basebelisi ba mehala, ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa ea blockchain ke ho rarolla mathata a latelang:
- Basebelisi ba ka tlosa li-intermediaries (litsi tsa ho hlakola) ho fana ka ho solla le ho lefa ka kotloloho.
- Boitsebiso ba batho le lisebelisoa tsa IoT.
- Palo e ikemetseng ea litlolo tsa melao ea litšebeletso tsa ba ngolisitseng (SLA) e ipapisitseng le konteraka e bohlale le tefo ea matšeliso.
- Ho boloka polokelo ea boitsebiso e ajoang ea lifono tse utsoitsoeng.
- Ho boloka polokelo ea boitsebiso e phatlalalitsoeng bakeng sa MNP (Mobile Number Portability) le ho felisa motho ea bohareng ka mokhoa oa polokelo ea boitsebiso bo bohareng.
Parsing blockchains
Bakeng sa merero ea tsamaiso, ke lekile ho fumana sehlopha sa li-blockchains ka moloko. Ha ke e-s'o e fumane e amoheloa hohle, empa bohle ba lumellana hore moloko oa pele ke Bitcoin, oa bobeli ke Ethereum, empa joale ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e itšetlehile ka litakatso tsa botho. Ho 'na ho bonahala eka sehlopha se latelang sea utloahala:
- Moloko oa pele (Bitcoin): e tšehetsa feela ts'ebetso ea ho fetisetsa chelete ea crypto ho tloha akhaonteng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe.
- Moloko oa bobeli o kentse likonteraka tse bohlale (Ethereun) le multicurrency (BitShares).
- Moloko oa boraro o u lumella ho sebetsa eseng feela ka chelete ea crypto, empa hape le thepa efe kapa efe ea dijithale (matlotlo), ho kenya ts'ebetsong mohopolo oa khoebo o sa reroang, 'me u hlophise algorithm ea tumellano. Mohlala oa blockchain ea bokahohleng ke Hyperledger Fabric.
A re shebeng baemeli ba meloko eohle, ho ea ka pono ea litšobotsi tse tla re thusa ho utloisisa hore na ke linyeoe life tse ka sebelisoang ho blockchain e itseng:
Bitcoin
Ethereum
li-bitshare
Lesela la Hyperledger
Exonum
Moloko oa Blockchain
1
2
2
3
3
websaeteng
Tshebetso ho TPS
7
20-30
10,000
1000
10,000
Na hoa khoneha ho etsa blockchain ea poraefete?
ha ho
ha ho
e
e
e
Palo ea li-node marang-rang
Ba fetang 10
Ba fetang 10
Ka katleho 20-30 nodes
Ts'ebetso e khethiloeng ke sistimi ea Apache Kafka
Tšebetso e nepahetseng e khethiloeng ke tumellano ea BFT: 10-20 nodes
Tefo e tloaelehileng ea transaction
0.5 $
0.1 $
tlase ho Ethereum
ha ho
ha ho
Sistimi ea ts'ebetso e ts'ehelitsoeng bakeng sa li-node
Windows, Linux, MacOS
Windows, Linux, MacOS, Rasbery Pi
Ubuntu, Windows
Windows, Linux, MacOS
Linux, MacOS
Tšebeliso ea li-node
Ka boeona
Ka letsoho, Docker
Ka boeona
Docker, docker-compose
Ka letsoho, Docker
Tumellano
PoW
Phofo
DPoS
Sistimi ea likhetho, e sebelisoang ke Apache Kafka
BFT
Konteraka e bohlale
Eseng ka kutloisiso e amoheloang ka kakaretso
Puo ea lenaneo la Solidity
E kentsoe esale pele mme palo ea bona e lekanyelitsoe. Eketsa ka C++
Lipuo tsa mananeo Go, JS
mafome
Puo ea lenaneo leo blockchain e ngotsoeng ka eona
C ++
C ++
C ++
Go
mafome
DB bakeng sa ho boloka data ea blockchain
LevelDB
LevelDB
LevelDB
goleveldb - LevelDB ho Go
RocksDB
Ntlafatso le tšehetso
Satoshi Nakamoto & Co
Vitalik Buterin & Co
Dan Larimer & Co
The Linux Foundation, IBM, Oracle
Sehlopha sa Bitfury
Meeli ha ho etsoa linyeoe
Tlhahiso le ho fumaneha ha khomishene.
Tlhahiso le ho fumaneha ha khomishene. E loketse bafofisi ba lifofane le li-PoC.
Ho fumaneha ha khomishene le palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea linyeoe tse sebelisoang.
Hyperledger Fabric - ha e lekanye letho, ntle le haeba o lebeletse litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa tshebetso.
Exonum e fokotsa tumellano ea BFT le moeli o phahameng oa ho kena, hobane Ho kenya ts'ebetsong likonteraka tse bohlale, li tlameha ho hahoa ka har'a khoutu ea mohloli.
fihlela qeto e
Matsatsing ana, tšebeliso ea theknoloji e ncha hangata e hlahisoa e le tharollo bothateng. Ka hona, pele, o hloka ho etsa bonnete ba hore maemong a itseng o hloka blockchain. Ho etsa sena, araba lipotso tsena: Na u hloka lits'ebetso tsohle tse thathamisitsoeng?
- Ho ngola litšoantšo
- Ho se fetohe le ho phethahala ha nalane ea data
- Kabo
- Ho arola mebuso
- Tokenization
- Likonteraka tse bohlale
Haeba ha se litšoaneleho tsohle tse thathamisitsoeng tse hlokahalang, mohlomong ho tla ba le katleho e kholo ho sebelisa mahlale a mang ntle le blockchain. Haeba u ntse u etsa qeto ea ho sebelisa blockchain, joale u lokela ho hopola likarolo tsa blockchain, tseo, ka lebaka la tlhaho ea tsona, li ke keng tsa fetoloa:
- Li-blockchains tse fapaneng li na le litšoaneleho tse fapaneng tsa tekheniki le mefokolo, ka hona ho latela nyeoe, o hloka ho khetha blockchain e nepahetseng.
- Ho latela tumellano, ts'ebetso ea blockchain e fapana ka litaelo tsa boholo. 'Me haeba blockchain e itseng e khethiloe, joale ho ka etsahala hore ho ke ke ha khoneha ho e "ntlafatsa".
- Linear scalability ke tlhokahalo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa tlhahisoleseling. Blockchain e ka mpefala ho feta linearly.
- Lintlha tse lokelang ho bolokoa li ka 'na tsa e-ba le mohaho o fokotsang katleho ea blockchain.
- Ho li-blockchains tsa poraefete, hoa hlokahala ho netefatsa ts'ireletso ha e mpe ho feta lits'ebetsong tse sebelisoang tsa khoebo tsa IT.
Ka lebaka la mefokolo ena, blockchain e se e sebelisoa haholo-holo maemong a bonolo moo ho hlokahalang ho felisa baemeli kapa ho finyella ho netefatsa le ho se fetohe ha data har'a barupeluoa ba seng tlas'a taolo e tloaelehileng.
Karolong e latelang, re tla romela blockchain marung 'me re bone hore na ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e sebetsa joang.
Ena ke qalo feela!
Source: www.habr.com
