Li-supercomputer tse ngata li tsamaisa Linux - ha re buisaneng ka boemo

Ho tloha ka 2018, litsamaiso tse makholo a mahlano tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng li sebetsa Linux. Re buisana ka mabaka a boemo ba hona joale mme re fana ka maikutlo a litsebi.

--Ото - rawpixel — PD

'Maraka State

Ho fihlela hajoale, Linux e lahleheloa ke lits'ebetso tse ling ntoeng ea 'maraka oa PC. Ka data Statista, Linux e kentsoe feela 1,65% ea likhomphutha, ha 77% ea basebelisi e sebetsa le Microsoft's OS.

Lintho li betere marung le tikolohong ea IaaS, leha Windows e ntse e le moetapele le mona. Ka mohlala, OS ena sebedisa 45% ea bareki ba 1cloud.ru, ha 44% e ne e rata kabo ea Linux.

Empa haeba re bua ka k'homphieutha e sebetsang hantle, joale Linux ke moetapele ea hlakileng. Ho latela morao tjena tlaleha portal Top500 ke projeke e boemong ba lits'ebetso tsa likhomphutha tse matla ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng - li-supercomputers ho tsoa lethathamong le holimo la 500 li hahiloe ho Linux.

Mochineng oa Summit (palo e le 'ngoe lethathamong ka nako ea ho ngola), e neng e entsoe ke IBM, Red Hat Enterprise e kentsoe. E tšoanang tsamaiso laola k'homphieutha ea bobeli e matla ka ho fetisisa ke Sierra, le ho kenya TaihuLight ea Chaena mesebetsi ho Sunway Raise OS e thehiloeng ho Linux.

Mabaka a ho ata ha Linux

Tlhahiso. The Linux kernel ke monolithic le e boloka E na le likarolo tsohle tse hlokahalang - bakhanni, kemiso ea mesebetsi, tsamaiso ea lifaele. Ka nako e ts'oanang, litšebeletso tsa kernel li etsoa sebakeng sa aterese ea kernel, e leng se ntlafatsang tshebetso ka kakaretso. Linux e boetse e na le litlhoko tsa hardware tse batlang li lekana. Liphatlalatso tse ling lia sebetsa lisebelisoa tse nang le memori ea 128 MB. Taba ea hore mechini ea Linux e sebetsa haholo ho feta Windows lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng e tsejoa esita le e mong oa bahlahisi ba Microsoft. Har'a mabaka, o totobalitse lintlafatso tse ntseng li eketseha tse reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa motheo oa khoutu.

Ho buleha. Li-supercomputer lilemong tsa bo-70 le bo-80 li ne li hahiloe haholo ho liphatlalatso tse thehiloeng ho UNIX, joalo ka. UNICOS ho tsoa ho Cray. Liunivesithi le lilaboratori tsa lipatlisiso li ile tsa qobelloa ho lefa lichelete tse kholo ho bangoli ba OS, tse ileng tsa ama hampe litšenyehelo tsa ho qetela tsa lik'homphieutha tse sebetsang hantle - e ne e le limilione tsa lidolara. Ho hlaha ha sistimi e bulehileng ho fokolitse litšenyehelo tsa software haholo. Ka 1998 e hlahisitsoe k'homphieutha ea pele e thehiloeng ho Linux - Avalon Cluster. E ile ea bokelloa Los Alamos National Laboratory e USA ka liranta tse likete tse 152 feela.

Mochine o ne o e-na le ts'ebetso ea 19,3 gigaflops mme o nkile sebaka sa 314th holimo ho lefatše. Ha u sheba ka lekhetlo la pele, ena ke katleho e nyane, empa karolelano ea theko / ts'ebetso e hohetse baetsi ba li-supercomputer. Ka lilemo tse peli feela, Linux e atlehile ho hapa 10% ea 'maraka.

Boikemisetso. Supercomputer e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le lisebelisoa tse ikhethang tsa IT. Ho buleha ha Linux ho fa baenjiniere maemo a bonolo ao ba a hlokang ho etsa liphetoho le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Motsamaisi Eddie Epstein, ea thusitseng ho rala komporo e kholo ea Watson, e bitsoang theko e tlase le boiketlo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba taolo ke mabaka a mantlha a ho khetha SUSE Linux.

Li-supercomputer tsa nako e tlang

Sistimi ea komporo ea IBM ea 148-petaflop Summit e bile teng ka lilemo tse 'maloa joale. tšoara sebaka sa pele ho Top500. Empa ka 2021, boemo bo ka fetoha - li-supercomputer tse ngata tse phahameng li tla kena 'marakeng hang-hang.

--Ото - OLCF ho ORNL - CC BY

E 'ngoe ea tsona e ntse e ntlafatsoa ke Lefapha la Matla la United States (DOE) hammoho le litsebi tse tsoang Cray. Matla a yona tla romela ho hlahloba sebaka le litlamorao tsa ho futhumala ha lefatše, ho batla meriana ea ho phekola mofetše le lisebelisoa tse ncha bakeng sa liphanele tsa letsatsi. E se e tsejoa hore supercomputer e tla laoloa Cray Linux Environment OS - E thehiloe ho SUSE Linux Enterprise.

China e tla boela e hlahise mochini oa eona o sebetsang hantle haholo. E tla bitsoa Tianhe-3 'me e tla sebelisoa ho boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso le nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi. Supercomputer e tla tlameha ho kenya Kylin Linux, e seng e ntse e sebelisoa bakeng sa pele ho eona - tianhe-2.

Kahoo, re ka lebella hore boemo bo tla tsoela pele lilemong tse 'maloa tse latelang,' me Linux e tla tsoela pele ho matlafatsa boeta-pele ba eona sebakeng sa li-supercomputer tse matla ka ho fetisisa.

Rona ho 1cloud re fana ka ts'ebeletso "Leru la poraefete". Ka thuso ea eona, o ka tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa IT ka potlako bakeng sa merero ea mathata afe kapa afe.
Leru la rona e hahiloeng holim'a tšepe Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Thepa e fumaneha litsing tse 'maloa tsa data: Moscow DataSpace, St. Petersburg SDN / Xelent le Almaty Ahost.

Source: www.habr.com