Nchafatso ea nako e ama ts'ebetso ea sistimi. Ho etsahalang moo le seo u lokelang ho se etsa ka eona - bala sehlooho sena.
Nako le nako ha ke ntlafatsa Linux khomphuteng ea ka ea lapeng, ke tlameha ho rarolla mathata a itseng. Ho theosa le lilemo, sena se fetohile tloaelo: Ke boloka lifaele tsa ka, ke hlakola sistimi, ke kenya ntho e ngoe le e ngoe ho tloha qalong, ke khutlisetsa lifaele tsa ka, ebe ke kenya lits'ebetso tseo ke li ratang haholo. Ke boetse ke fetola litlhophiso tsa sistimi hore li lumellane le 'na. Ka linako tse ling ho nka nako e ngata haholo. 'Me morao tjena ke ile ka ipotsa hore na ke hloka hlooho ena.
ka nako ke e 'ngoe ea litempe tsa linako tse tharo bakeng sa lifaele tsa Linux (ho feta ka sena hamorao). Haholo-holo, ke ne ke ipotsa hore na e ntse e tla ba mohopolo o motle ho tima atime lits'ebetsong tsa morao-rao tsa Linux. Kaha atime e nchafatsoa nako le nako ha faele e fumaneha, ke hlokometse hore e na le tšusumetso e kholo ts'ebetsong ea sistimi.
Haufinyane tjena ke nyolohetse ho Fedora 32, 'me, ka tloaelo, ke ile ka qala ka ho tima nako. Ke ile ka nahana: na ke hlile kea e hloka? Ke ile ka etsa qeto ea ho ithuta taba ena 'me sena ke seo ke ileng ka se cheka.
Hanyane ka litempe tsa nako tsa faele
Ho e utloisisa, o hloka ho khutlela morao 'me u hopole lintho tse' maloa mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa lifaele tsa Linux le hore na kernel e beha lifaele le li-directory joang. U ka bona letsatsi la ho qetela le fetotsoeng la lifaele le li-directory ka ho tsamaisa taelo ls -l (bolelele) kapa feela ka ho sheba tlhahisoleseling mabapi le eona ho mookameli oa faele. Empa ka morao ho liketsahalo, Linux kernel e boloka tlaleho ea linako tse 'maloa bakeng sa lifaele le li-directory:
- Faele e qetetse ho fetoloa neng (mtime)
- Lekhetlo la ho qetela ha thepa ea faele le metadata li fetoloa (ctime)
- Faele e qetetse ho fihleloa neng (atime)
- U ka sebelisa taelo boemoho sheba tlhahisoleseling mabapi le faele kapa directory. Faele ke ena / joalo / fstab ho tsoa ho e 'ngoe ea li-server tsa ka tsa liteko:
$ stat fstab
File: fstab
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2097285 Links: 1
Access: (0664/-rw-rw-r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: system_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2019-04-25 21:10:18.083325111 -0500
Modify: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.427686706 -0500
Change: 2019-05-16 10:46:47.434686674 -0500
Birth: 2019-04-25 21:03:11.840496275 -0500Mona u ka bona hore faele ena e entsoe ka la 25 Mmesa, 2019 ha ke kenya sistimi. Faele eaka / joalo / fstab e qetetse ho fetoloa ka la 16 Motšeanong 2019, 'me litšobotsi tse ling kaofela li ile tsa fetoloa ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Haeba ke kopitsa / joalo / fstab ho faele e ncha, matsatsi a fetoha ho bontša hore ke faele e ncha:
$ sudo cp fstab fstab.bak
$ stat fstab.bak
File: fstab.bak
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Empa haeba ke reha faele hape ntle le ho fetola litaba tsa eona, Linux e tla ntlafatsa feela nako eo faele e fetotsoeng ka eona:
$ sudo mv fstab.bak fstab.tmp
$ stat fstab.tmp
File: fstab.tmp
Size: 261 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: b303h/45827d Inode: 2105664 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:etc_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500
Modify: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.443659981 -0500
Change: 2020-05-12 17:54:24.576508232 -0500
Birth: 2020-05-12 17:53:58.442659986 -0500Litempe tsena tsa linako li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mananeo a mang a Unix. Mohlala, biff ke lenaneo le u tsebisang ha ho na le molaetsa o mocha ho lengolo-tsoibila la hau. Kajeno ke batho ba fokolang ba sebelisang , empa matsatsing ao mabokose a poso a neng a le sebakeng sa sistimi, biff e ne e atile haholo.
Lenaneo le tseba joang haeba u na le mangolo a macha ka har'a inbox ea hau? biff e bapisa nako ea ho qetela e fetotsoeng (ha faele ea inbox e nchafalitsoe ka molaetsa o mocha oa lengolo-tsoibila) le nako ea ho qetela ea ho kena (khetlo la ho qetela ha u bala lengolo-tsoibila la hau). Haeba phetoho e etsahetse kamora nako ho feta phihlello, biff e tla utloisisa hore lengolo le lecha le fihlile mme e tla u tsebisa ka eona. Moreki oa lengolo-tsoibila la Mutt o sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang.
Setempe sa ho qetela sa ho fihlella se boetse se na le thuso haeba o hloka ho bokella lipalo-palo tsa ts'ebeliso ea sistimi ea faele le ts'ebetso ea pina. Batsamaisi ba sistimi ba hloka ho tseba hore na ke lintho life tse fihlellehang e le hore ba ka hlophisa sistimi ea faele ka nepo.
Empa mananeo a mangata a morao-rao ha a sa hloka lengolo lena, kahoo ho ne ho e-na le tlhahiso ea hore u se ke ua e sebelisa. Ka 2007, Linus Torvalds le bahlahisi ba bang ba 'maloa ba kernel ba ile ba buisana ka nako molemong oa taba ea ts'ebetso. Moqapi oa Linux kernel Ingo Molnar o buile ntlha e latelang mabapi le nako le sistimi ea faele ea ext3:
"Hoa makatsa hore ebe komporo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea Linux le seva e na le ho senyeha ho hoholo ha I/O ka lebaka la liapdeite tsa nako le nako, leha ho na le basebelisi ba 'nete ba babeli feela: tmpwatch [e ka hlophisoang ho sebelisa ctime, kahoo ha se bothata bo boholo] le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa "backup".
Empa batho ba ntse ba sebelisa mananeo a mang a hlokang lengolo lena. Kahoo ho tlosa nako ho tla senya ts'ebetso ea bona. Basebelisi ba Linux kernel ha baa lokela ho hatakela tokoloho ea mosebelisi.
Tharollo ea Solomone
Ho na le lits'ebetso tse ngata tse kenyellelitsoeng kabong ea Linux mme ho feta moo, basebelisi ba ka khoasolla le ho kenya mananeo a mang ho latela litlhoko tsa bona. Ona ke monyetla o ka sehloohong oa OS e bulehileng. Empa sena se etsa hore ho be thata ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea hau ea faele. Ho tlosa lisebelisoa tse matla haholo ho ka senya tsamaiso.
E le ho sekisetsa, bahlahisi ba kernel ea Linux ba hlahisitse khetho e ncha ea nako ea phetisetso e reretsoeng ho beha tekano lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso le tumellano:
atime e nchafatsoa feela haeba nako ea ho fihlella e fetileng e le ka tlase ho nako ea phetoho ea hona joale kapa boemo ba nako ... Ho tloha Linux 2.6.30, kernel e sebelisa khetho ena ka mokhoa oa kamehla (ntle le haeba noatime e hlalositsoe)... Hape, ho tloha Linux 2.6.30 . 1, nako ea ho qetela ea phihlello ea faele e lula e ntlafatsoa haeba e feta letsatsi le le leng.
Sistimi ea sejoale-joale ea Linux (ho tloha Linux 2.6.30, e lokollotsoeng ka 2009) e se e ntse e sebelisa nako ea ho khutlisa, e lokelang ho fana ka ts'ebetso e kholo haholo. Sena se bolela hore ha ho hlokahale hore u lokise file / joalo / fstab, 'me ka relaytime u ka itšetleha ka kamehla.
Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi ka noatime
Empa haeba u batla ho lokisa sistimi ea hau ho fumana ts'ebetso e phahameng, ho thibela nako ho ntse ho khoneha.
Phetoho ea ts'ebetso e kanna ea se bonahale haholo ho li-drive tsa sejoale-joale tse potlakileng haholo (tse kang NVME kapa Fast SSD), empa ho na le keketseho e nyane moo.
Haeba u tseba hore ha u sebelise software e hlokang nako, u ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso hanyane ka ho nolofalletsa khetho ea noatime faeleng. /etc/fstab. Ka mor'a sena, kernel e ke ke ea lula e ntlafatsa ka nako. Sebelisa khetho ea noatime ha u kenya sistimi ea faele:
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root / ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 1
UUID=be37c451-915e-4355-95c4-654729cf662a /boot ext4 defaults,noatime 1 2
UUID=C594-12B1 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-home /home ext4 defaults,noatime,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 1 2
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-swap none swap defaults,x-systemd.device-timeout=0 0 0Liphetoho li tla sebetsa nakong e tlang ha u qala bocha.
E le papatso
Na u hloka seva ho amohela sebaka sa hau sa Marang-rang? Khampani ea rona e fana ka ka tefo ea letsatsi le letsatsi kapa ea nako e le 'ngoe, seva se seng le se seng se hokahane le mocha oa Marang-rang oa 500 Megabits mme o sirelelitsoe khahlanong le litlhaselo tsa DDoS mahala!
Source: www.habr.com