Saeno ea elektroniki e tšoanelehang bakeng sa macOS

Ho ea ka RBC и Tensor, ka selemo sa 2019, litifikeiti tse limilione tse 4,6 tsa li-signature tsa elektroniki tse tšoanelehang (CES) li tla fanoa Russia, ho fihlela litlhoko tsa 63-FZ. Hoa fumaneha hore ho bo-rakhoebo ba ngolisitsoeng ba limilione tse 8 le li-LLC, mohoebi e mong le e mong oa bobeli o sebelisa tekeno ea elektroniki. Ntle le li-CEP tsa EGAIS le li-CEP tse thehiloeng marung bakeng sa tlaleho e fanoeng ke libanka le litšebeletso tsa likarabello, li-CEP tsa bokahohleng tse mabapi le li-tokens tse sireletsehileng li na le thahasello e khethehileng. Lisetifikeiti tse joalo li u lumella ho kena ho li-portal tsa mmuso le ho saena litokomane life kapa life, ho etsa hore e be tsa bohlokoa ka molao.

Ka lebaka la setifikeiti sa CEP ho tokeneng ea USB, o ka etsa tumellano ea hole le molekane kapa mosebeletsi ea hole, mme o romella litokomane lekhotleng; ngodisa ngoliso ea chelete ea inthaneteng, lefa mekoloto ea lekhetho 'me u fane ka phatlalatso akhaonteng ea hau ho nalog.ru; tseba ka likoloto le litlhahlobo tse tlang ho Litšebeletso tsa Naha.

Bukana e ka tlase e tla thusa sebetsa le CEP tlas'a macOS - ntle le ho ithuta liforamu tsa CryptoPro le ho kenya mochini o sebetsang o nang le Windows.

Tse ka hare

Seo u se hlokang ho sebetsa le CEP tlas'a macOS:

Ho kenya le ho hlophisa CEP bakeng sa macOS

1. Ho kenya CryptoPro CSP
2. Ho kenya bakhanni ba Rutoken
3. Ho kenya litifikeiti
   3.1. Re hlakola litifikeiti tsohle tsa khale tsa GOST
   3.2. Ho kenya litifikeiti tsa metso
   3.3. Khoasolla litifikeiti tsa bolaoli ba setifikeiti
   3.4. Ho kenya setifikeiti le Rutoken
4. Kenya sebatli se ikhethileng Chromium-GOST
5. E kenya li-extensions tsa sebatli
   5.1 Sebatli sa CryptoPro EDS plug-in
   5.2. Plugin bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Sechaba
   5.3. Ho theha plugin bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Naha
   5.4. E kenya tšebetsong likeketso
   5.5. Ho theha plug-in ea CryptoPro EDS Browser
6. Ho hlahloba hore na tsohle lia sebetsa
   6.1. Eya leqepheng la tlhahlobo la CryptoPro
   6.2. Eya ho Account ea hau ho nalog.ru
   6.3. Eya ho Litšebeletso tsa Naha
7. Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba e khaotsa ho sebetsa

Ho fetola PIN khoutu ea setshelo

1. Ho fumana lebitso la setshelo sa KEP
2. Ho fetola PIN ka taelo e tsoang ho theminale

Ho saena lifaele ho macOS

1. Ho fumana hash ea setifikeiti sa CEP
2. Ho saena faele ka taelo e tsoang ho terminal
3. Ho kenya Apple Automator Script

Sheba tekeno tokomaneng

Lintlha tsohle tse ka tlase li fumanoa mehloling e tsebahalang (CryptoPro #1 и #2, Rutoken, Corus-Consulting, Setereke sa Ural Federal of Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications), 'me ho khothaletsoa ho khoasolla software ho tsoa libakeng tse tšepahalang. Mongoli ke moeletsi ea ikemetseng 'me ha a amane le lik'hamphani leha e le life tse boletsoeng. Ka ho latela litaelo tsena, u jara boikarabelo bo feletseng bakeng sa liketso leha e le life le liphello.

Seo u se hlokang ho sebetsa le CEP tlas'a macOS:

1. CEP ho token ea USB Rutoken Lite kapa Rutoken EDS
2. setshelo sa crypto ka mokhoa oa CryptoPro
3. e nang le e hahiloeng laesense ea CryptoPro CSP

Mecha ea litaba ea eToken le JaCarta hammoho le CryptoPro ha e tšehetsoe tlas'a macOS. Mecha ea litaba ea Rutoken Lite ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa, e bitsa 500..1000= ruble, e sebetsa ka potlako 'me e u lumella ho boloka linotlolo tse 15.

Bafani ba Crypto VipNet, Signal-COM le LISSY ha li tšehetsoe ho macOS. Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho fetola lijana. CryptoPro ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa, theko ea setifikeiti e lokela ho ba hoo e ka bang 1300 = rub. bakeng sa bo-rakhoebo ka bomong le 1600 = rub. bakeng sa YUL.

Ka tloaelo, laesense ea selemo le selemo ea CryptoPro CSP e se e kenyelelitsoe setifikeiting mme e fanoa ntle ho tefo ke li-CA tse ngata. Haeba ho se joalo, o hloka ho reka le ho kenya laesense e sa feleng bakeng sa CryptoPro CSP ka tieo mofuta oa 4 o bitsang 2700=. Mofuta oa 5 oa CryptoPro CSP bakeng sa macOS ha o sebetse hajoale.

Ho kenya le ho hlophisa CEP bakeng sa macOS

Lintho tse hlakileng

• lifaele tsohle tse jarollotsoeng li jarolleloa bukeng ea kamehla: ~/Downloads/;
• Ha re fetole letho ho li-installer tsohle, re tlohela ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e le ea kamehla;
• haeba macOS e bonts'a temoso ea hore software e hlahisoang e tsoa ho nts'etsopele e sa tsejoeng, o hloka ho netefatsa ho qala ho litlhophiso tsa sistimi: Likhetho tsa Sistimi —> Tšireletso & Lekunutu —> Bula Leha ho le joalo;
• haeba macOS e kopa password ea mosebelisi le tumello ea ho laola komporo, o hloka ho kenya phasewete mme o lumellane le tsohle.

1. Kenya CryptoPro CSP

Ngodisa webosaeteng ea CryptoPro le co jarolla maqephe jarolla le ho kenya phetolelo CryptoPro CSP 4.0 R4 etsoe macOS - скачать.

2. Kenya bakhanni ba Rutoken

Sebaka sa marang-rang se re sena ke boikhethelo, empa ho molemo ho se kenya. Co jarolla maqephe jarolla le ho kenya webosaeteng ea Rutoken Keychain tšehetso module - скачать.

Ka mor'a moo, hokela token ea usb, qala terminal 'me u phethe taelo:

/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -card -enum -v

Karabo e lokela ho ba:

Aktiv Rutoken…
Karete e teng…
[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

3. Kenya litifikeiti

3.1. Re hlakola litifikeiti tsohle tsa khale tsa GOST

Haeba u kile ua leka ho qala CEP tlas'a macOS, joale u lokela ho hlakola litifikeiti tsohle tse kentsoeng pele. Litaelo tsena ho terminal li tla hlakola litifikeiti tsa CryptoPro feela mme li ke ke tsa ama litifikeiti tse tloaelehileng tse tsoang ho Keychain ho macOS.

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -delete -all -store mroot

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -delete -all -store uroot

/opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -delete -all

Karabo ea taelo ka 'ngoe e lokela ho kenyelletsa:

Ha ho setifikeiti se tsamaellanang le maemo

kapa

Ho phumula ho phethiloe

3.2. Ho kenya litifikeiti tsa metso

Lisetifikeiti tsa metso li tloaelehile ho li-CEP tsohle tse fanoeng ke bolaoli bofe kapa bofe ba setifikeiti. Khoasolla ho tsoa ho jarolla maqephe Setereke sa Ural Federal of Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications:

• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=4BC6DC14D97010C41A26E058AD851F81C842415A
• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=8CAE88BBFD404A7A53630864F9033606E1DC45E2
• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=0408435EB90E5C8796A160E69E4BFAC453435D1D

Kenya ka litaelo ho terminal:

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/4BC6DC14D97010C41A26E058AD851F81C842415A.cer

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/8CAE88BBFD404A7A53630864F9033606E1DC45E2.cer

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/0408435EB90E5C8796A160E69E4BFAC453435D1D.cer

Taelo ka 'ngoe e tlameha ho khutla:

Ho kenya:
...
[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

3.3. Khoasolla litifikeiti tsa bolaoli ba setifikeiti

E latelang, o hloka ho kenya litifikeiti tsa bolaoli ba setifikeiti moo o faneng ka CEP. Ka tloaelo, litifikeiti tsa motso tsa CA e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li fumaneha webosaeteng ea eona karolong ea download.

Ntle le moo, litifikeiti tsa CA efe kapa efe li ka khoasolloa ho tsoa ho sebaka sa marang-rang sa Setereke sa Ural Federal of Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications. Ho etsa sena, ka foromo ea ho batla o hloka ho fumana CA ka lebitso, e-ea leqepheng le nang le litifikeiti ebe u khoasolla tsohle jwale disetifikeiti - ke hore, ba nang le 'E nepahetse' letsatsi la bobedi ha le eso fihle. Khoasolla sehokelong se tšimong 'Menoana'.

Litšoantšo tsa skrini

U sebelisa mohlala oa CA Corus-Consulting: o hloka ho khoasolla mangolo a 4 ho tsoa ho jarolla maqephe:

• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=15EB064ABCB96C5AFCE22B9FEA52A1964637D101
• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=B9F1D3F78971D48C34AA73786CDCD138477FEE3F
• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=55EC48193B6716D38E80BD9D1D2D827BC8A07DE3
• https://e-trust.gosuslugi.ru/Shared/DownloadCert?thumbprint=A0D19D700E2A5F1CAFCE82D3EFE49A0D882559DF

Re kenya setifikeiti sa CA se jarollotsoeng re sebelisa litaelo tse tsoang ho terminal:

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/B9F1D3F78971D48C34AA73786CDCD138477FEE3F.cer

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/A0D19D700E2A5F1CAFCE82D3EFE49A0D882559DF.cer

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/55EC48193B6716D38E80BD9D1D2D827BC8A07DE3.cer

sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/15EB064ABCB96C5AFCE22B9FEA52A1964637D101.cer

moo kamora ~/Likotlolo/ Mabitso a lifaele tse jarollotsoeng a thathamisitsoe; li tla fapana bakeng sa CA ka 'ngoe.

Taelo ka 'ngoe e tlameha ho khutla:

Ho kenya:
...
[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

3.4. Ho kenya setifikeiti le Rutoken

Taelo ho terminal:

/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptestf -absorb -certs

Taelo e tlameha ho khutla:

OK.
[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

4. Kenya sebatli se khethehileng Chromium-GOST

Ho sebetsa le li-portal tsa mmuso, o tla hloka moaho o khethehileng oa sebatli sa Chromium - Chromium-GOST. Khoutu ea mohloli oa morero e butsoe, hokela ho polokelo ho GitHub e fanoa ka CryptoPro websaeteng. Ho tsoa ho boiphihlelo, libatli tse ling CryptoFox и Sebatli sa Yandex Ha li loketse ho sebetsa le li-portal tsa mmuso tlas'a macOS. Ke habohlokoa ho nahana hore ho tse ling tse hahiloeng ka Chromium-GOST, akhaonto ea botho ho nalog.ru e ka 'na ea qhoma kapa ho phalla ho ka khaotsa ho sebetsa ka ho feletseng, kahoo ho fanoa ka ea khale e pakoang. haha 71.0.3578.98 - скачать.


Khoasolla le ho notlolla polokelo, kenya sebatli ka ho e kopitsa kapa ho e hula le ho e akhela bukeng ea Likopo. Kamora ho kenya, Qobella ho koala Chromium 'me u se ke oa e bula, sebetsa ho tloha Safari.

killall Chromium-Gost

5. Kenya li-extensions tsa sebatli

5.1 Sebatli sa CryptoPro EDS plug-in

Le jarolla maqephe khoasolla le ho kenya webosaeteng ea CryptoPro CryptoPro EDS plug-in mofuta oa 2.0 bakeng sa basebelisi - скачать.

5.2. Plugin bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Sechaba

Le jarolla maqephe jarolla le ho kenya portal ea Litšebeletso tsa Naha Plugin ea ho sebetsa le portal ea litšebeletso tsa mmuso (mofuta oa macOS) - скачать.

5.3. Ho theha plugin bakeng sa Litšebeletso tsa Naha

Khoasolla faele e nepahetseng ea tlhophiso bakeng sa katoloso ea Litšebeletso tsa Naha ho tsoa webosaeteng ea CryptoPro - скачать.

Etsa litaelo ho terminal:

sudo rm /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/IFCPlugin.plugin/Contents/ifc.cfg

sudo cp ~/Downloads/ifc.cfg /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/IFCPlugin.plugin/Contents


sudo cp /Library/Google/Chrome/NativeMessagingHosts/ru.rtlabs.ifcplugin.json /Library/Application Support/Chromium/NativeMessagingHosts

5.4. E kenya tšebetsong likeketso

Qala sebatli sa Chromium-Gost 'me u thaepe bareng ea aterese:

chrome://extensions/

Re nolofalletsa li-extensions tse kentsoeng ka bobeli:

• Katoloso ea CryptoPro bakeng sa plug-in ea sebatli sa CAdES
• Katoloso bakeng sa plugin ea Litšebeletso tsa Naha

Screen Screen

5.5. Ho theha plug-in ea CryptoPro EDS Browser

Ka har'a bareng ea aterese ea Chromium-Gost re thaepa:

/etc/opt/cprocsp/trusted_sites.html

Leqepheng le hlahang, kenya libaka lethathamong la libaka tse tšepahalang ka bonngoe:

https://*.cryptopro.ru
https://*.nalog.ru
https://*.gosuslugi.ru

Tobetsa "Save". Letheba le letala le lokela ho hlaha:

Lethathamo la li-node tse tšeptjoang le bolokiloe ka katleho.

Screen Screen

6. Hlahloba hore na tsohle lia sebetsa

6.1. Eya leqepheng la tlhahlobo la CryptoPro

Ka har'a bareng ea aterese ea Chromium-Gost re thaepa:

https://www.cryptopro.ru/sites/default/files/products/cades/demopage/cades_bes_sample.html

"Plugin loaded" e lokela ho hlahisoa, 'me setifikeiti sa hau se lokela ho ba teng lethathamong le ka tlase.
Khetha setifikeiti lethathamong ebe o tobetsa "Sign". U tla botsoa PIN ea setifikeiti. Ka lebaka leo, e lokela ho bonahala

Signature e entsoe ka katleho

Screen Screen

6.2. Eya ho Account ea hau ho nalog.ru

U kanna oa se khone ho fihlella lihokelo ho tsoa sebakeng sa marang-rang sa nalog.ru, hobane... licheke li ke ke tsa feta. U lokela ho kena ka li-link tse tobileng:

• ofisi poraefete IP: https://lkipgost.nalog.ru/lk
• ofisi poraefete Setheo sa molao: https://lkul.nalog.ru

Screen Screen

6.3. Eya ho Litšebeletso tsa Naha

Ha u kena, khetha "Kena u sebelisa saena ea elektroniki." Lethathamong la "Khetha setifikeiti sa netefatso ea signature ea elektroniki" le hlahang, litifikeiti tsohle, ho kenyeletsoa motso le CA, li tla hlahisoa; o hloka ho khetha ea hau ho tokeneng ea USB ebe o kenya PIN.

Screen Screen

7. Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba e khaotsa ho sebetsa

1. Re hokahanya lets'oao la usb hape mme re lekola hore lea bonahala re sebelisa taelo ho terminal:

   sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -card -enum -v


2. Re hlakola cache ea sebatli ka linako tsohle, eo re e ngolang bareng ea aterese ea Chromium-Gost:

   
chrome://settings/clearBrowserData


3. Kenya setifikeiti sa CEP hape u sebelisa taelo ho terminal:

   /opt/cprocsp/bin/csptestf -absorb -certs

Ho fetola PIN khoutu ea setshelo

Khoutu ea PIN ea tloaelo bakeng sa Rutoken ka boiketsetso 12345678, 'me ha ho mokhoa oa ho e tlohela tjena. Litlhoko tsa PIN khoutu ea Rutoken: litlhaku tse 16 max., e ka ba le litlhaku tsa Selatine le linomoro.

1. Fumana lebitso la setshelo sa KEP

Ho ka 'na ha e-ba le litifikeiti tse' maloa tse bolokiloeng ho tokeneng ea USB le li-storesers tse ling, 'me u hloka ho khetha e nepahetseng. Ha lets'oao la usb le kentsoe, re fumana lethathamo la lijana tsohle tsamaisong ka taelo ho terminal:

/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -keyset -enum_cont -fqcn -verifycontext

Taelo e tlameha ho hula bonyane sets'oants'o se le 1 ebe o khutla

[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

Setshelo seo re se hlokang se shebahala joalo

.Aktiv Rutoken liteXXXXXXXX

Haeba lijana tse joalo li bonts'oa, ho bolela hore ho na le litifikeiti tse 'maloa tse ngotsoeng lets'oaong,' me ua tseba hore na ke efe eo u e hlokang. Tlhaloso XXXXXXXXX ka mor'a ho senya o hloka ho kopitsa le ho beha taelo e ka tlase.

2. Fetola PIN ka ho sebelisa taelo e tsoang boemelong

/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -passwd -qchange -container "XXXXXXXX"

moo XXXXXXXXX - lebitso la setshelo se fumanoeng mohatong oa 1 (ho hlokahala ka mantsoe a qotsitsoeng).

Ho tla hlaha puisano ea CryptoPro e kopa PIN khoutu ea khale ho fumana setifikeiti, ebe puisano e 'ngoe ea ho kenya PIN khoutu e ncha. E lokile.

Screen Screen

Ho saena lifaele ho macOS

Ho macOS, lifaele li ka saena ka har'a software CryptoArm (litheko tsa laesense 2500 = rub.), Kapa taelo e bonolo ka terminal - mahala.

1. Fumana hash ea setifikeiti sa CEP

Ho ka ba le litifikeiti tse ngata ho tokeneng le mabenkeleng a mang. Re lokela ho tsebahatsa hantle hore na ke efe eo re tla tekena litokomane ka eona ho tloha joale ho ea pele. E entsoe hang.
Letšoao le tlameha ho kenngoa. Re fumana lethathamo la litifikeiti libakeng tsa polokelo ka taelo e tsoang ho terminal:

/opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -list

Taelo e tlameha ho hlahisa bonyane setifikeiti sa 1 sa foromo:

Certmgr 1.1 © "Crypto-Pro", 2007-2018.
lenaneo la ho laola litifikeiti, li-CRL le mabenkele
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
1---
Mohatisi: [imeile e sirelelitsoe],... CN=LLC KORUS Consulting CIS...
ho ipeha tlas'a: [imeile e sirelelitsoe],... CN=Zakharov Sergey Anatolyevich...
Tlhaloso: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000
SHA1 Hash: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
...
Setshelo: SCARDrutoken_lt_00000000 000 000
...
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

Setifikeiti seo re se hlokang ho parameter ea Container se tlameha ho ba le boleng joalo ka SCARDrutoken…. Haeba ho na le litifikeiti tse 'maloa tse nang le litekanyetso tse joalo, joale ho na le likoti tse' maloa tse tlalehiloeng letšoao, 'me ua tseba hore na ke efe eo ue hlokang. Boleng ba paramethara SHA1 Hash (Litlhaku tse 40) li tlameha ho kopitsoa le ho beoa taelong e ka tlase.

2. Ho saena faele ka taelo e tsoang ho terminal

Sebakeng sa terminal, e-ea bukeng e nang le faele ho saena le ho phethahatsa taelo:

/opt/cprocsp/bin/cryptcp -signf -detach -cert -der -strict -thumbprint ХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХ FILE

moo XXXX... – setifikeiti hashe fumanoa mohato 1, le FILE - lebitso la faele ho saena (ka likeketso tsohle, empa ntle le tsela).

Taelo e tlameha ho khutla:

Molaetsa o saenneng oa etsoa.
[Khoutu ea phoso: 0x00000000]

Faele ea tekeno ea elektroniki e tla etsoa ka katoloso *.sgn - ona ke mosaeno o koetsoeng ka sebopeho sa CMS o nang le khouto ea DER.

3. Kenya Apple Automator Script

Ho qoba ho sebetsa le terminal nako le nako, o ka kenya Automator Script hang, eo ka eona o ka saenang litokomane ho tsoa ho menyu ea litaba tsa Finder. Ho etsa sena, khoasolla archive - скачать.

1. Ho notlolla polokelong ea litaba 'Saena le CryptoPro.zip'
2. Qala Automator
3. Fumana 'me u bule faele e sa pakiloeng 'Saena le CryptoPro.workflow'
4. Sebakeng Sebelisa Shell script fetola mongolo XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ho boleng ba parameter SHA1 Hash Setifikeiti sa CEP se fumanoeng ka holimo.
5. Boloka mongolo: ⌘Command + S
6. Matha faele 'Saena le CryptoPro.workflow' mme o netefatse ho kenngwa.
7. Ha re ee ho Sisteme Likhetho -> Li-extensions -> Finder mme o hlahlobe seo Saena le CryptoPro ketso e potlakileng e hlokometsoeng.
8. Ho Finder, letsetsa menyu ea litaba ea faele efe kapa efe, le karolong eo Liketso tse potlakileng le / kapa Services khetha ntho Saena le CryptoPro
9. Puisanong ea CryptoPro e hlahang, kenya PIN khoutu ea mosebelisi ho tsoa ho CEP
10. Faele e nang le katoloso *.sgn e tla hlaha bukeng ea hajoale - mosaeno o koetsoeng ka sebopeho sa CMS o nang le khouto ea DER.

Litšoantšo tsa skrini

Apple Automator fensetere:

Likhetho tsa Sistimi:

Lenane la litaba tse fumanehang:

Sheba tekeno tokomaneng

Haeba litaba tsa tokomane li se na liphiri le liphiri, joale tsela e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ke ho sebelisa tšebeletso ea websaete ho portal ea Litšebeletso tsa Naha - https://www.gosuslugi.ru/pgu/eds. Ka tsela ena o ka nka skrini ho tsoa mohloling o tsebahalang mme o be le bonnete ba hore ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nepahetse ka ho saena.

Litšoantšo tsa skrini

Source: www.habr.com