Lab: ho theha lvm, ho hlasela Linux

Phallo e nyane: LR ena ke ea maiketsetso.
E meng ea mesebetsi e hlalositsoeng mona e ka etsoa habonolo haholoanyane, empa kaha mosebetsi oa l/r ke ho tseba.
ka ts'ebetso ea raid le lvm, lits'ebetso tse ling li rarahane ka tsela ea maiketsetso.

Litlhokahalo tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho etsa LR:

• Lisebelisoa tsa Virtualization joalo ka Virtualbox
• Setšoantšo sa ho kenya Linux, mohlala Tsela ea 9
• Ho fumaneha ha Marang-rang bakeng sa ho jarolla liphutheloana tse 'maloa
• Hokela ka ssh ho VM e kentsoeng (ka boikhethelo)

HO NAHANA

Mosebetsi ona oa laboratori o amana le taba e poteletseng e kang ts'ireletso ea data - ena ke sebaka seo ho sona
e lumellang hore u lahleheloe ke lintlha tsohle tsa hau ka lebaka la phoso e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa - tlhaku e le 'ngoe e eketsehileng kapa nomoro.
Kaha u etsa mosebetsi oa laboratori, ha u kotsing, ntle le hore u tla tlameha ho qala ho e etsa hape.
Bophelong ba 'nete, ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e tebile haholo, kahoo u lokela ho kenya mabitso a disk ka hloko haholo, kutloisiso
hantle-ntle u etsa eng ka taelo ea hajoale le hore na u sebetsa ka li-disk life.

Ntlha ea bobeli ea bohlokoa ke ho reha li-disk le likaroloana: ho itšetlehile ka boemo, linomoro tsa disk li ka fapana
ho tsoa ho litekanyetso tseo tse hlahisitsoeng litaelong tsa mosebetsi oa laboratori.
Kahoo, ka mohlala, haeba u tlosa sda disk ho tsoa ho sehlopha ebe u eketsa disk e ncha, disk e ncha e tla hlahisoa.
tsamaisong e bitsoang sda. Haeba u qala hape pele u eketsa disk e ncha, joale e ncha
disk e tla bitsoa sdb, 'me ea khale e tla bitsoa sda

Lab e tlameha ho tsamaisoa joalo ka superuser (motso) joalo ka ha litaelo tse ngata li hloka
litokelo tse phahameng 'me ha ho utloahale ho lula u eketsa litokelo ka sudo

Libuka Tse Ithutoang

• futuheloa
• LVM
• Ho reha lebitso la Disk ho Linux OS
• Karolo ke eng
• Tafole ea karohano ke eng, 'me e bolokiloe hokae?
• Grub ke eng

Lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng

1) sheba lintlha tsa disk

• lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
• fdisk -l
  2) ho shebella tlhahisoleseling le ho sebetsa le LVM
• pvs
• pvextend
• pvcreate
• pvresize
• etc
• vgreduce
• lvs
• lveextende
  3) ho shebella tlhahisoleseling le ho sebetsa le RAID
• katse /proc/mdstat
• soba
  4) lintlha tse holimo
• thabeng
• chelete
• katse /etc/fstab
• katse /etc/mtab
  5) karohano ea disk
• fdisk /dev/XXX
  6) ho kopitsa likarolo
• dd haeba=/dev/xxx ea=/dev/yyy
  7) ho sebetsa le tafole ea karohano
• karolo
• sfdisk
• bokamoso 4
  8) ho sebetsa le bootloader
• grub-kenya /dev/XXX
• ntjhafatso-grub
  9) tse ling
• lsof
• loketseng tikolohong
• rsync

Mosebetsi oa laboratori o na le likarolo tse 3:

• ho theha sistimi e sebetsang e sebelisang lvm, raid
• ho etsisa e 'ngoe ea liphoso tsa disk
• ho fetola li-disk ka fofa, ho eketsa li-disk tse ncha le likarolo tse tsamaeang.

Mosebetsi oa 1 (ho kenya OS le ho hlophisoa ha LVM, RAID)

1) Theha mochine o mocha oa sebele, o fane ka litšobotsi tse latelang:

• 1 gb ram
• 1 lik'hilograma
• 2 hdds (li bitse ssd1, ssd2 'me u fane ka boholo bo lekanang, hlahloba hot swap le mabokose a ssd)
• Selaoli sa SATA se etselitsoe likou tse 4

2) Qala ho kenya Linux 'me ha u fihla ho khetha li-hard drive, etsa tse latelang:

• Mokhoa oa ho arola: buka, ka mor'a moo o lokela ho bona setšoantšo sena:
  

• Ho theha karohano e arohaneng bakeng sa / boot: Khetha disk ea pele 'me u thehe tafole e ncha ea karohano ho eona

  • Boholo ba karohano: 512M
  • Sebaka sa thaba: /boot
  • Pheta litlhophiso tsa disk ea bobeli, empa kaha ha u khone ho kenya / boot habeli ka nako e le 'ngoe, khetha sebaka sa ho hloa: ha ho na, qetellong u fumane tse latelang (setšoantšo se nang le jamb, se botsoa haholo ho se etsa hape):
    

• Ho theha RAID:

  • Khetha sebaka sa mahala ho disk ea pele 'me u lokise mofuta oa karohano e le molumo oa' mele bakeng sa RAID
  • Khetha "Ke qetile ho seta karohano"
  • Pheta litlhophiso tse tšoanang hantle bakeng sa disk ea bobeli, e hlahisang tse latelang:
    
  • Khetha "Configure software RAID"
  • Theha sesebelisoa sa MD
  • Mofuta oa sesebelisoa sa Software RAID: Khetha sehlopha se nang le seipone
  • Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang bakeng sa sehlopha sa RAID XXXX: Khetha li-drive ka bobeli
  • Lisebelisoa tse setseng: Tlohela 0 e le ea kamehla
  • Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang bakeng sa sehlopha sa RAID XX: khetha likarolo tseo u li entseng nakong ea tlhaselo
  • fihlela qetellong
  • Ka lebaka leo, o lokela ho fumana setšoantšo se kang sena:
    

• Ho lokisa LVM: Khetha Lokisetsa Molaoli oa Volume oa Logical

  • Boloka sebopeho sa hona joale sa karohano 'me u hlophise LVM: E
  • Theha sehlopha sa molumo
  • Lebitso la sehlopha sa molumo: tsamaiso
  • Lisebelisoa tsa sehlopha se secha sa molumo: Khetha RAID eo u e entseng
  • Etsa molumo o utloahalang
  • lebitso la molumo o utloahalang: motso
  • boholo ba molumo o utloahalang: 25 ea boholo ba disk ea hau
  • Etsa molumo o utloahalang
  • lebitso la molumo o utloahalang: var
  • boholo ba molumo o utloahalang: 25 ea boholo ba disk ea hau
  • Etsa molumo o utloahalang
  • lebitso la molumo o utloahalang: log
  • boholo ba molumo o utloahalang: 15 ea boholo ba disk ea hau
  • Ka ho khetha lintlha tsa tlhophiso ea Display o lokela ho fumana setšoantšo se latelang:
    
  • Ha u se u qetile ho theha LVM u lokela ho bona tse latelang:
    

• Sebopeho sa karohano: ka bonngoe, khetha molumo o mong le o mong o entsoeng ho LVM 'me u li behe, mohlala, bakeng sa motso o kang ona:

  • Sebelisa joalo ka: ext4
  • sebaka sa thaba: /
  • Sephetho sa ho tšoaea karohano ea motso se lokela ho shebahala tjena:
    
  • pheta ts'ebetso ea karohano bakeng sa var le log, ho khetha libaka tse loketseng tsa ho hloa (/ var le / var / log e kentsoeng ka letsoho), ho fumana sephetho se latelang:
    
  • Khetha Qetella karohano
  • U tla botsoa lipotso tse 'maloa mabapi le taba ea hore u ntse u e-na le karohano e sa tsitsang mme swap ha e so lokisoe. Lipotso tseo ka bobeli li lokela ho arajoa ka tsela e mpe.

• Sephetho sa ho qetela se lokela ho shebahala tjena:
  
  3) Qetella ho kenya OS ka ho kenya grub ho sesebelisoa sa pele (sda) le ho qalisa tsamaiso.
  4) Kopitsa litaba tsa karohano ea / boot ho tloha ho sda ​​drive (ssd1) ho ea ho sdb drive (ssd2)

  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

  5) Kenya grub sesebelisoa sa bobeli:

• sheba li-disk tse tsamaisong:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

• Thathamisa li-disk tsohle tseo taelo e fetileng e u fileng tsona 'me u hlalose hore na ke disk ea mofuta ofe

• Fumana koloi moo grub e sa kang ea kenngoa 'me u kenye kopo ena:
  grub-install /dev/sdb

• sheba tlhahisoleseling mabapi le tlhaselo ea hajoale ka taelo ea katse /proc/mdstat 'me u ngole seo u se bonang.

• sheba tlhahiso ea litaelo: pvs, vgs, lvs, phahamisa 'me u ngole seo u se boneng hantle.

Hlalosa ka mantsoe a hao seo u se entseng le hore na u fumane litholoana life mosebetsing oo.

Kamora ho qeta mosebetsi ona, ho khothaletsoa ho boloka kopi ea "backup" ea foldara ea mochini o hlakileng kapa o e etse
vagrant box: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Sephetho: Mochini oa sebele o nang le li-disks ssd1, ssd2

Mosebetsi oa 2 (Ho etsisa ho hlōleha ha e 'ngoe ea li-disks)

1) Haeba u hlahlobile lebokose le chesang la ho fetola, u ka hlakola li-disk ka fofa

• Hlakola disk ssd1 ka thepa ea mochine
• Fumana bukana moo lifaele tsa mochini oa hau li bolokiloeng 'me u hlakole ssd1.vmdk
  2) Etsa bonnete ba hore mochini oa hau o ntse o sebetsa
  3) Qala hape mochine oa sebele 'me u netefatse hore o ntse o sebetsa
  4) hlahloba boemo ba sehlopha sa RAID: cat /proc/mdstat
  5) eketsa disk e ncha ea boholo bo lekanang sebopeho sa VM ebe u e reha ssd3
  6) etsa ts'ebetso:
• bona hore disk e ncha e fihlile tsamaisong e sebelisa fdisk -l
• kopitsa tafole ea karohano ho tloha ho disk ea khale ho ea ho e ncha: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
• sheba sephetho u sebelisa fdisk -l
• Kenya disk e ncha ho sehlopha sa tlhaselo: mdadm -manage /dev/md0 -eketsa /dev/YYY
• Sheba sephetho: cat /proc/mdstat. O lokela ho bona hore kamahanyo e se e qadile
  7) Joale o hloka ho hokahanya likaroloana tseo e seng karolo ea RAID.
  Ho etsa sena, re tla sebelisa dd utility, ho kopitsa ho tloha "phela" disk ho e ncha eo u sa tsoa e kenya.

  dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

  8) Kamora hore khokahano e felile, kenya grub ho drive e ncha
  9) Qala hape VM ho netefatsa hore tsohle lia sebetsa
  Hlalosa ka mantsoe a hao seo u se entseng le hore na u fumane litholoana life mosebetsing oo.
  Sephetho: Disk ssd1 e tlositsoe, disk ssd2 e bolokiloe, disk ssd3 e kenyelelitsoe.

  Mosebetsi oa 3 (Ho eketsa li-disk tse ncha le ho tsamaisa karohano)

  Ona ke mosebetsi o rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa le o boima ho feta tsohle tse hlahisitsoeng.
  Sheba ka hloko seo u se etsang le hore na ke li-disk le li-partitions life.
  Ho khothalletsoa ho etsa kopi pele o e sebelisa.
  Mosebetsi ona o ikemetse ho mosebetsi oa 2; o ka etsoa ka mor'a mosebetsi oa 1, o lokiselitsoe mabitso a disk.
  Karolo ea bobeli ea mosebetsi ona oa laboratori e lokela ho lebisa boemong bo tšoanang hantle le boo e neng e le ka mor'a ho qeta karolo ea pele.

  Ho etsa hore mosebetsi oa hau o be bonolo, nka khothaletsa hore u se ke ua tlosa li-disk tsa 'mele ho mochini o amohelang, empa feela
  li hakolle ka thepa ea mochine. Ho ea ka pono ea OS ho VM e tla shebahala e ts'oana hantle, empa u ka khona
  haeba ho etsahala ntho e itseng, kopanya disk morao 'me u tsoele pele mosebetsi ka ho khutlisetsa lintlha tse' maloa, haeba
  o na le mathata. Ka mohlala, e ka 'na eaba u entse phoso kapa u lebetse ho kopitsa karolo ea / boot ho disk e ncha.
  Nka u eletsa feela hore u hlahlobe habeli hore na ke li-disk le li-partitions life tseo u sebetsang le tsona ka makhetlo a 'maloa, kapa ho feta
  Ngola pampiring ngollano pakeng tsa li-disk, li-partitions le nomoro ea disk "ea 'mele". Sefate se setle le se hlakileng
  sehlopha se hula lsblk, e sebelise hangata kamoo ho ka khonehang ho hlahlobisisa seo u se entseng le se lokelang ho etsoa.

  Ho pale...

  Ak'u nahane hore seva sa hau se 'nile sa sebetsa nako e telele ho li-drive tsa 2 SSD, ha ka tšohanyetso ...

  1) Etsisa ho hloleha ha ssd2 disk ka ho tlosa disk ho thepa ea VM le ho qala bocha
  2) Sheba boemo ba hajoale ba li-disk le RAID:

  cat /proc/mdstat
  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  3) U lehlohonolo - baokameli ba hau ba u lumelletse ho reka li-disk tse 'maloa tse ncha:

  2 SATA e nang le bokhoni bo boholo bakeng sa mosebetsi oa nako e telele oa ho tsamaisa karohano ka li-log ho disk e arohaneng.

  2 SSD ho nkela e shoeleng sebaka, hammoho le ho nkela e ntseng e sebetsa.

  Ka kopo hlokomela hore baskete ea seva e tšehetsa feela ho kenya li-disk tse 4 ka nako,
  ka hona, u ke ke ua eketsa li-disk tsohle ka nako e le 'ngoe.

  Khetha matla a HDD ka makhetlo a 2 ho feta SSD.
  Bokhoni ba SSD bo boholo ka makhetlo a 1,25 ho feta SSD ea pele.

  4) Kenya ssd disk e ncha, u e bitsa ssd4, 'me ka mor'a ho eketsa, hlahloba se etsahetseng:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  5) Pele ho tsohle, o lokela ho hlokomela polokeho ea data ho disk ea khale.
  Lekhetlong lena re tla fetisetsa data re sebelisa LVM:

  • Pele ho tsohle, o hloka ho kopitsa tafole ea faele ho tloha ho disk ea khale ho ea ho e ncha:

    sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    Kenya li-disk tse nepahetseng bakeng sa x,y 'me u fumane hore na taelo ena e etsa eng.

    Etsa taelo lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT 'me u bapise tlhahiso ea eona le mohala o fetileng.
    Ho fetohile eng?
    sebelisa taelo ea dd ho kopitsa /boot data ho disk e ncha

    dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

    haeba / boot e lula e behiloe ho disk ea khale, e lokela ho kenngoa hape ho disk e phelang:

    mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
    lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
    umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
    mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
    # Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск

    Kenya bootloader ho ssd drive e ncha

    grub-install /dev/YYY

    Ke hobane'ng ha re etsa opereishene ee?

    theha sehlopha se secha sa tlhaselo ho kenyelletsa le ssd disk e le 'ngoe feela:

    mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY

    Taelo e ka holimo e ke ke ea sebetsa ntle le ho bolela senotlolo se khethehileng.
    Bala thuso 'me u kenye senotlolo sena ho taelo.

    Sebelisa taelo ea katse /proc/mdstat ho lekola sephetho sa ts'ebetso ea hau. Ho fetohile eng?
    Etsa taelo lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT 'me u bapise tlhahiso ea eona le mohala o fetileng.
    Ho fetohile eng?
    6) Mohato o latelang ke ho lokisa LVM
    tsamaisa taelo ea pvs ho sheba tlhahisoleseling mabapi le meqolo ea hona joale ea 'mele
    theha molumo o mocha oa 'mele ho kenyelletsa le sehlopha sa RAID se entsoeng pele:

    pvcreate /dev/md63

    Etsa taelo lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT 'me u bapise tlhahiso ea eona le mohala o fetileng.
    Ho fetohile eng?
    Sebelisa taelo ea pvs hape. Ho fetohile eng?
    Ha re eketse boholo ba sistimi ea Volume Group re sebelisa taelo e latelang:

    vgextend system /dev/md63

    Matha litaelo ebe u ngola seo u se boneng le se fetohileng.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices

    LV var,log,root e fumaneha ho disk efe ea 'mele hajoale?

    Tsamaisa lintlha ho tloha koloing ea khale ho ea ho e ncha, u sebelisa mabitso a nepahetseng a lisebelisoa.

    pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 

    Pheta tšebetso bakeng sa meqolo eohle e utloahalang

    Matha litaelo ebe u ngola seo u se boneng le se fetohileng.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    Ha re fetole VG ea rona ka ho tlosa disk ea khale ea tlhaselo ho eona. Kenya lebitso le nepahetseng la tlhaselo.

    vgreduce system /dev/md0

    Matha litaelo ebe u ngola seo u se boneng le se fetohileng.

    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
    pvs
    vgs

    Ho etsa hore setšoantšo se be ntle le ho feta, khutlisetsa / boot ho ssd disk ea bobeli (ssd4) 'me u tsamaise lsblk. Ka lebaka leo, ssd3 disk ha e etse joalo
    ha ho letho le lokelang ho kenngoa. Sheba ka hloko hore / boot partition ha e na letho! ls /boot e tlameha ho bontsha
    lifaele le lifoldara tse 'maloa. Ithute se bolokiloeng karolong ena 'me u ngole hore na ke buka efe ea lifaele e ikarabellang bakeng sa eng.
    7) tlosa ssd3 disk 'me u kenye ssd5, hdd1, hdd2 ho latela litlhaloso tsa tekheniki tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo, tse hlahisang:
    ssd4 - ssd ea pele e ncha
    ssd5 - ea bobeli e ncha ssd
    hdd1 - HD ea pele e ncha
    hdd2 - hdd ea bobeli e ncha

    8) Sheba se etsahetseng kamora ho eketsa li-disk:

    fdisk -l
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    9) Ha re khutlisetse ts'ebetso ea sehlopha se seholo sa tlhaselo:

    • kopitsa tafole ea karohano, u nkele li-disk tse nepahetseng:

      sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    • Ka kopo hlokomela hore ha re kopitsa tafole ea karohano ho tswa ho disk ea khale, ho ne ho bonahala eka boholo bo bocha
      ha e sebelise matla a hard drive kaofela.
      Ka hona, haufinyane re tla hloka ho fetola karohano ena le ho holisa tlhaselo.
      Iponele ka ho tsamaisa taelo:

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      10) kopitsa karolo ea boot / boot ho tloha ssd4 ho ssd5

      dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

      11) Kenya grub ho drive e ncha (ssd5)
      12) fetola boholo ba karolo ea bobeli ea ssd5 disk

      tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa ho arola disk:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      kenya konopo ea d ho hlakola karohano e teng (khetha 2)
      kenya konopo n ho theha karohano e ncha
      kenya konopo ea p ho bontša mofuta oa karohano "ea mantlha"
      kenya senotlolo 2 e le hore karohano e ncha e be le nomoro ea bobeli
      Karolo ea pele: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baliloeng ka boiketsetso ba qalo ea karohano
      Karolo ea ho qetela: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baloang ka bohona ba pheletso ea karohano
      kenya konopo ea l ho bona lethathamo la mefuta eohle ea karohano le ho fumana Linux raid auto ho eona
      kenya konopo ea t ho fetola mofuta oa karohano e entsoeng (2) ebe u kenya nomoro e fumanoeng mohatong o fetileng.
      kenya konopo ea w ho ngola phetoho ho disk.
      12) bala hape tafole ea karohano 'me u hlahlobe sephetho

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      eketsa disk e ncha ho sehlopha sa hona joale sa tlhaselo (u se ke ua lebala ho kenya li-disk tse nepahetseng sebakeng sa eona)

      mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2

      Ha re atoloseng palo ea li-disk tse lethathamong la rona ho 2:

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2

      Sheba sephetho: re na le lihlopha tse 2 tse tšoailoeng, empa likarolo tseo ka bobeli li kenyellelitsoe lethathamong lena li na le boholo bo fapaneng.

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      13) eketsa boholo ba karohano ho ssd4 disk

      tsamaisa lisebelisoa tsa ho arola disk:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      kenya konopo ea d ho hlakola karohano e teng (khetha 2)
      kenya konopo n ho theha karohano e ncha
      kenya konopo ea p ho bontša mofuta oa karohano "ea mantlha"
      kenya senotlolo 2 e le hore karohano e ncha e be le nomoro ea bobeli
      Karolo ea pele: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baliloeng ka boiketsetso ba qalo ea karohano
      Karolo ea ho qetela: tobetsa Enter ho amohela boholo bo baloang ka bohona ba pheletso ea karohano
      Qetellong ea markup, khetha Che ho siea mosaeno oa karolo ea sehlopha.
      kenya konopo ea w ho ngola phetoho ho disk.
      12) bala hape tafole ea karohano 'me u hlahlobe sephetho

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      Ka kopo hlokomela hore sda2, likarolo tsa sdc2 li na le boholo> ho feta boholo ba sesebelisoa sa tlhaselo.

      13) mothating ona boholo ba tlhaselo joale bo ka atolosoa

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result

      Hlahloba lsblk 'me u hlokomele hore na ho fetohile eng
      14) Leha ho le joalo, leha re ile ra fetola boholo ba tlhaselo, boholo ba motso oa vg, var, log ka bobona ha boa ka ba fetoha.

      • sheba boholo ba PV:

        pvs

      • Ha re eketse boholo ba PV ea rona:

        pvresize /dev/md63

      • sheba boholo ba PV:

        pvs

        15) Kenya sebaka se sa tsoa hlaha VG var,root

        lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
        lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
        lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
        lvs # проверьте что получилось

        Mothating ona, o qetile ho fallisetsa sehlopha se seholo ho li-disk tse ncha. sebetsa ka ssd1, ssd2 e phethiloe

        16) Mosebetsi oa rona o latelang ke ho tsamaisa / var / log ho li-disks tse ncha, bakeng sa sena re tla etsa lethathamo le lecha le lvm ho li-disk tsa hdd.

        • ha re boneng hore na li-drive tse ncha tsa hdd li na le mabitso afe

          fdisk -l

        • ha re theheng sehlopha sa tlhaselo

          mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

        • Ha re theheng PV e ncha nakong ea tlhaselo ea li-disk tse kholo

          pvcreate data /dev/md127

        • Ha re theheng sehlopha ho PV ena e bitsoang data

          vgcreate data /dev/md127

        • Ha re theheng molumo o utloahalang ka boholo ba sebaka sohle sa mahala ebe re se bitsa val_log

          lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат

        • fometa karohano e entsoeng ho ext4

          mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log

        • ha re bone sephetho

          lsblk

          17) fetisetsa data ea log ho tloha karolong ea khale ho ea ho e ncha

          kenya polokelo e ncha ea log ka nakoana

          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt

          ha re hokahanyang li-partitions

          apt install rsync
          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          Ha re fumane hore na ke lits'ebetso life tse ntseng li sebetsa hona joale ho /var/log

          apt install lsof
          lsof | grep '/var/log'

          emisa lits'ebetso tsena

          systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket

          etsa khokahano ea ho qetela ea li-partitions (data e kanna ea fetoha ho tloha ha ho amahanngoa la ho qetela)

          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          fetola likarolo

          umount /mnt
          umount /var/log
          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log

          ha re hlahlobeng se etsahetseng

          lsblk

          18) Fetola /etc/fstab
          fstab - faele e tlalehang melao eo ka eona li-partitions li tla kenngoa booting
          mosebetsi oa rona ke ho fumana mohala moo /var/log e kentsoeng teng le ho lokisa sesebelisoa system-log mabapi le data-var_log

          19) Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sethaleng sena ke ho se lebale ho fetola tafole ea radela (ext4, mohlala). Hobane ho sa tsotellehe hore na re fetola tlhaselo efe kapa efe, lvm, ho fihlela FS ka karohano e tsebisoa hore boholo ba karohano bo fetohile joale, re ke ke ra khona ho sebelisa sebaka se secha. Sebelisa taelo resize2fs ho fetola FS.

          20) Ntho ea ho qetela

          • Ha re qaleng bocha. Haeba u entse ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka nepo, u tla khutlisetsoa ho OS ea hau (sena sea hlokahala ho etsa bonnete ba hore ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebetsa. Mohato ona ha o na moelelo ntle le ho itlhahloba)
          • hlahloba hore na tsohle tseo re neng re batla ho li etsa li entsoe:

            pvs
            lvs
            vgs
            lsblk
            cat /proc/mdstat

          21) [KGETHO] Latela mehato

          • qala hape ka ho tobetsa F12 ho hlakisa li-drive tse fapaneng ha u qala ho etsa bonnete ba hore u ka qala
            ho tsoa leha e le efe ea li-drive tsa ssd, e le hore re se ke ra tšaba ho hlōleha ha e 'ngoe ea tsona
          • joale u na le LV log e sa hlokahaleng ho VG system. Abela sebaka sena pakeng tsa motso kapa var, empa sebakeng sa ho sebelisa
            meralo 100% MAHALA hlalosa boholo ka letsoho u sebelisa senotlolo sa -L:

            -L 500M

          • lokisa bothata ba hore / boot e fumaneha likarolong tse peli ntle le ho lumellana, ha ho hlokahale hore u etse sena ka nepo,
            e eketsoa mona e le mohlala. Se ke oa lebala ho kopitsa litaba tsa /boot kae-kae pele.
            • theha tlhaselo e ncha 'me u kenyelle sda1,sda2 ho eona
            • kenyelletsa likarolo tsena tlhaselong e teng le ho khutlisetsa / boot ho tlhaselo e kholo, empa ntle le ho e phahamisa.

Source: www.habr.com