Babuelli ba molao ba Oracle ba bapisa ho kengoa ts'ebetsong bocha ha Java API ho Android le ho kopitsa litaba tsa "Harry Potter", pdf ra

Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo la United States le tla mamela nyeoe ea bohlokoa mathoasong a selemo sena. Oracle vs Google, e tla khetholla boemo ba molao ba API tlas'a molao oa thepa ea mahlale. Haeba lekhotla le ema le Oracle nyeoeng ea eona ea lidolara tse libilione, e ka thibela tlholisano le ho tiisa taolo ea linatla tsa theknoloji, mohlomong le Google ka boeona.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, khoebo ea Oracle qalong e ne e hahiloe ts'ebetsong ea puo ea lenaneo la SQL e entsoeng ke IBM, esita le hona joale k'hamphani e fana ka tšebeletso ea leru ka API e tsoang Amazon S3, 'me sena se tloaelehile ka ho feletseng. Phetoho ea API e bile karolo ea tlhaho ea nts'etsopele ea mahlale a khomphutha ho tloha qalong ea indasteri.

Oracle e qosa Google ka ho kopitsa Java API ntle le molao, ho kenyeletsoa lethathamo la litaelo tse nang le mabitso tse amanang le libopeho tsa sebōpeho-puo. Sistimi ea ts'ebetso ea Android e tsamaellana ka kotloloho le Java API ho nolofaletsa baetsi ba mananeo a Java ho fetisetsa software le tsebo sethaleng se secha. Ho etsa sena, Android e kopilitse hantle litaelo tse tsamaellanang tsa Java API le libopeho tsa sebōpeho-puo. khang Oracle ke hore "ts'ebetsong hape" ea Java API e ka bapisoa le ho kopitsa mosebetsi oa mongoli, joalo ka buka ea "Harry Potter" (ena mohlala oa sebele o fanoeng ke babuelli ba molao ba Oracle), le Google e hatakela litokelo tsa molao tsa Oracle ho mabitso le libopeho tsa litaelo tsa Java API.

Empa li-API tsa Java ha se tsona feela li-API, 'me Android ha se eona feela e nchafatsang. Indastering ea kajeno ea IT, li-API li fumaneha hohle, 'me ho kenyelletsoa hape ho bohlokoa ho boloka tlholisano ho thibela lifeme tse kholo ho ikakhela ka setotsoana. nahana Charles Duane ke molaoli oa leano la mahlale a mahlale le ntlafatso Setsing sa R ​​Street.

Duane o fana ka mohlala oa sethala sa polokelo se tsebahalang sa Amazon S3. Ho thusa ho ngola le ho khutlisa lifaele ho tsoa ho S3, Amazon e ntlafalitse ka botlalo, lintlha tse qaqileng tsa API ho sebelisana le tšebeletso. Ka mohlala, ho fumana lethathamo la lifaele tse bolokiloeng (ListObjects) re romella taelo ea GET e hlalosang li-parameter tsa moeti le mofuta mofuta oa khouto, tswelo-pele и letsatsi la x-amz. Ho sebetsa le Amazon S3, software e tlameha ho sebelisa mabitso ana le a mang a mangata a ikhethileng hantle.

GET /?Delimiter=Delimiter&EncodingType=EncodingType&Marker=Marker&MaxKeys=MaxKeys&Prefix=Prefix HTTP/1.1
Host: Bucket.s3.amazonaws.com
x-amz-request-payer: RequestPayer

Amazon ke moetapele ea hlakileng 'marakeng oa lits'ebeletso tsa maru,' me bahlolisani ba eona ba fana ka ts'ebetsong ea S3 API, ha ba ntse ba tlameha ho etsisa mabitso a litaelo, li-tag tsa parameter, mofuta oa li-prefixes. x-amz, sebopeho sa sebōpeho-puo le mokhatlo o akaretsang oa S3 API. Ka mantsoe a mang, ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe eo Oracle e reng e na le litokelo tsa molao.

Har'a lik'hamphani tse fanang ka kopi ea Amazon S3 API ke ho boetse ho na le Oracle ka boeona. Bakeng sa ho lumellana, Amazon S3 Compatibility API e kopitsa likarolo tse ngata tsa Amazon API, ho ea ho li-tag tsa x-amz.

Oracle e bolela hore molao oa liketso tsa eona o thehiloe mohloling o bulehileng oa tumello ea Apache 2.0, e lumellang ho kopitsa mahala le ho fetola khoutu. Ka mohlala, Amazon SDK bakeng sa Java e boetse e tla le laesense ea Apache 2.0.

Empa potso ke hore na molao oa thepa ea mahlale o sebetsa le linthong tse kang li-API. Sena ke seo Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo le tlamehang ho se etsa qeto.

Ke mang ea qapileng API?

Polelo le mohopolo oa "laeborari e tlase" li hlahile ka lekhetlo la pele bukeng ea Planning and Coding Problems for an Electronic Computing Instrument - Karolo ea II, Volume III (Princeton University Institute of Advanced Study, 1948) ea Herman Goldstein le John von Neumann. kopitsa ho archive.org. Likahare tsa bolumo ea boraro:

Ena ke tlhaloso ea pele ea mokhoa oa ho etsa mananeo bakeng sa lik'homphieutha tse bolokang mananeo mohopolong (pele sena se ne se le sieo). E ile ea ajoa haholo liunivesithing, tseo ka nako eo li neng li leka ho iketsetsa lik'homphieutha tsa tsona. Habohlokoa le ho feta, buka e na le mohopolo oa bohlokoa: mananeo a mangata a tla sebelisa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng, 'me lilaebrari tse nang le mekhoa e tloaelehileng li tla fokotsa palo ea khoutu e ncha le liphoso. Mohopolo ona o ile oa ntlafatsoa hape ke Maurice Wilkes mme oa sebelisoa mochining oa EDSAC, oo a ileng a fumana Khau ea Turing ka 1967.

Laeborari e nyenyane ea EDSAC e ka ho le letšehali

Mohato o latelang e ne e le ho theha mesebetsi ea maemo a holimo le li-interfaces tsa software tse feletseng, joalokaha Maurice Wilkes le David Wheeler ba ile ba etsa ho Lokisetsa Mananeo a Electronic Digital Computer (1951).

Nako ka boeona Sesebelisoa sa Lenaneo la Kopo (API) e hlahile kae-kae ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-60.

Mongoli oa nehelano "Nalane e Khutšoanyane ea Boithuto ba API" Joshua Block e fana ka mehlala e mengata ea li-interfaces tsa mananeo, lihlopha tsa litaelo, le lilaebrari tse ka tlaase ho moo: kamoo li entsoeng kateng le ho sebelisoa hamorao. Taba ke hore tšebeliso hape ke ntlha ea API. Sena ke seo ba se etselitsoeng pele. Mme bahlahisi esale ba na le monyetla oa ho kopitsa le ho etsa li-API tsa batho ba bang:

API
Mmopi
Год
Phethahatso
Год

FORTRAN laebrari
IBM
1958
Univac
1961

IBM S/360 ISA
IBM
1964
Mokhatlo oa Amdahl Corp.
1970

Standard C Library
AT&T/Bell Labs
1976
Mark Williams Co.
1980

Li-call tsa sistimi ea Unix
AT&T/Bell Labs
1976
Mark Williams Co.
1980

Litlhaloso tsa likarolo tsa VT100 Esc
DEC
1978
Heathkit
1980

IBM PC BIOS
IBM
1981
Phoenix Technologies
1984

MS-DOS CLI
Microsoft
1981
Morero oa FreeDOS
1998

Hayes AT taelo e behiloeng
Hayes Micro
1982
Anchor Automation
1985

PostScript
Adobe
1985
GNU/GhostScript
1988

SMB
Microsoft
1992
Morero oa Samba
1993

Khatiso ea Win32
Microsoft
1993
Morero oa veine
1996

Lilaebrari tsa sehlopha sa 2 sa Java
Sun
1998
Google/Android
2008

Web API E monate
monate
2003
Pinboard
2009

Source: "Nalane e Khutšoanyane ea Boithuto ba API"

Ho kopitsa le ho sebelisa hape li-API (lilaebrari, lihlopha tsa litaelo) ha hoa nepahala feela, empa mokhoa ona oa ho etsa mananeo o khothaletsoa ka ho toba likaneng tsa mahlale a khomphutha. Le pele o kopitsa li-interface tsa S3, Oracle ka boeona e entse sena makhetlo a mangata. Ho feta moo, khoebo ea Oracle qalong e ne e hahiloe ts'ebetsong ea puo ea lenaneo la SQL e entsoeng ke IBM. Sehlahisoa sa pele sa Oracle e ne e le DBMS, haholo-holo e kopitsitsoeng ho IBM System R. Tabeng ena, re bua ka ts'ebetsong hape ea SQL e le "standard API" bakeng sa DBMS.

Ho beha litokelo tsa thepa ea mahlale ho li-API ho ka theha sebaka sa molao sa liqhomane se amang motho e mong le e mong. APIs kenya tshebetsong le lits'ebeletso tse ling tsa leru. Litekanyetso tse ngata tsa tekheniki, joalo ka Wi-Fi le liprothokholo tsa Marang-rang, li kenyelletsa li-API. Mananeo a mananeo a tlameha ho sebelisoa hape ka mokhoa o itseng khomphuteng le seva e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe Marang-rang. Khopolo ea litokelo tsa litokelo tsa molao ea Oracle e ka etsa hore hoo e ka bang eng kapa eng eo u e etsang ka komporo ea hau e se molaong.

Ho qoba litlamorao tsena tse fihlang hole, Oracle le lekhotla la boipiletso le tšehelitseng likhang tsa eona le lekile ho fokotsa tlolo ea litokelo tsa litokelo tsa copyright ho lintlafatso tse ling tsa API tse "sa lumellaneng" le tsa mantlha. Empa le ho kenya ts'ebetsong hape li tloaelehile. Le kopi ea eona ea S3 API, Oracle e hlokomela "liphapang" tse ngata le ho se lumellane le li-API tsa mantlha tsa Amazon.

Kotsi e kholo ea nyeoe ea Oracle ke hore e ka thibela lik'hamphani tse nyane tsa theknoloji ho theha mefuta ea litsamaiso tse tsamaellanang le li-platform tse kholo joalo ka S3. Ntle le tšebelisano e joalo, baetsi ba mananeo ba tla koalloa ka ntle ho linyehelo tsa k'hamphani ena.

Baemeli ba indasteri le bahlahisi ba ka tšepa feela hore mabaka a tla rena mona, le baahloli ba tseba lintho tsa motheo tsa lenaneo.

Source: www.habr.com