Kamoo VRRP protocol e sebetsang kateng

FHRP (Protocol ea Pele ea Hop Redundancy) ke lelapa la liprothokholo tse etselitsoeng ho fana ka khaello ea kamehla ea liheke. Khopolo e akaretsang ea liprothokholo tsena ke ho kopanya li-routers tse 'maloa ho router e le' ngoe e nang le aterese e tloaelehileng ea IP. Aterese ena ea IP e tla fuoa baamoheli joalo ka aterese ea kamehla. Ts'ebetsong ea mahala ea mohopolo ona ke VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). Sehloohong sena re tla sheba metheo ea protocol ea VRRP.

Li-routers tsa VRRP li kopantsoe ho ba router e le 'ngoe. Li-routers kaofela ka sehlopha li na le aterese e tloaelehileng ea IP (VIP) le nomoro ea sehlopha se tloaelehileng kapa VRID (Virtual Router Identifier). Router e le 'ngoe e ka ba setho sa lihlopha tse' maloa, se seng le se seng se tlameha ho ba le para ea sona e ikhethang ea VIP/VRID.

Tabeng ea Cisco, router ea sebele e behiloe ho sebopeho seo re se thahasellang ka taelo:

R1(config-if)# vrrp <group-number> ip <ip-address>

Li-routers tsohle li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: VRRP Master le VRRP Backup.

VRRP Master ke router e fetisetsang lipakete bakeng sa sehlopha se itseng sa virtual.

Backup ea VRRP ke router e lebeletseng pakete ho tsoa ho Monghali. Haeba lipakete tse tsoang ho Master li emisa ho fihla, Backup e leka ho fetela sebakeng sa Master.

Router e fetoha Master haeba e e-na le eona e tlang pele ka ho fetisisa. Master o lula a romela melaetsa atereseng ea khaso ea 224.0.0.18 ho bolella li-routers tsa Backup hore e ea sebetsa. Master o romela melaetsa ho latela Adver Timer, e lekanang le motsotsoana o le mong ka ho sa feleng.

Tabeng ena, the group address 00:00:5E:00:01:xx e sebelisoa e le aterese ea MAC ea motho ea romelang, moo xx e leng VRID ka sebopeho sa hexadecimal. Mohlala ona o sebelisa sehlopha sa pele.

Haeba li-routers tsa Backup li sa fumane melaetsa ka har'a li-Adver Timers tse tharo (Master Down Timers), joale router e nang le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa kapa router e nang le IP e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e fetoha Monghali e mocha. Tabeng ena, Backup router e nang le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa e tla nka karolo ea Master e nang le boemo bo tlaase. Leha ho le joalo, ha "Backup's preempt mode e koetsoe, Backup e ke ke ea nka karolo ho tsoa ho Master.

R1(config-if)# no vrrp <group-number> preempt

Haeba router ea VRRP e le mong'a aterese ea VIP, joale e lula e nka karolo ea Master.

Ntho ea pele ea VRRP e behiloe ka boleng ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 254. Boleng ba 0 bo boloketsoe linyeoe ha Master a hlokahala. tlosa nka boikarabelo ba ho tsamaisa tsela. Boleng ba 255 bo behiloe ho router e nang le VIP. Taba ea mantlha ke 100, empa e ka hlophisoa ka tsamaiso:

R1(config-if)#vrrp <group-number> priority <priority 1-254>

Mona re ka bona bohlokoa ba router ha e setiloe ka tsamaiso:

Taba ke ena moo router e leng mong'a VIP:

Routa ea VRRP e ka ba le linaha tse tharo: Qala, Boloka, Monghali. Router e fetola linaha tsena ka tatellano.

Boemong ba Initialize, router e emetse ho qala ts'ebetso. Haeba router ena e le mong'a aterese ea VIP (ntho ea pele ke 255), joale router e romela melaetsa e bontšang hore e fetohile Monghali. O boetse oa romela kopo ea mahala ea ARP, moo aterese ea MAC ea mohloli e lekanang le aterese ea router ea sebele. Ebe e kena ho Master state. Haeba router e se mong'a VIP, joale e kena sebakeng sa Backup.

Boemong ba Backup, router e emela lipakete ho tsoa ho Monghali. Router sebakeng sena ha e arabele likopo tsa ARP ho tsoa atereseng ea VIP. Hape ha e amohele lipakete tse nang le aterese ea MAC ea router e le aterese eo li eang ho eona.

Haeba Backup e sa fumane molaetsa ho tsoa ho Monghali nakong ea Sebali sa Sebali sa Master Down, joale e romela molaetsa oa VRRP o bontšang hore e se e tla ba Master. Ebe o romella molaetsa oa phatlalatso oa VRRP moo mohloli oa aterese ea MAC o lekanang le aterese ea router ena e fumanehang. Molaetseng ona, router e bontša bohlokoa ba eona.

Sebakeng sa Master, router e sebetsana le lipakete tse lebisitsoeng ho router ea sebele. E boetse e arabela likopo tsa ARP ho VIP. Master o romella melaetsa ea VRRP Sebali se seng le se seng sa Papatso ho netefatsa hore sea sebetsa.

*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Backup
*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1/0 Grp 1 state Backup -> Master

VRRP e boetse e lumella ho leka-lekanya mojaro ho li-routers tse ngata. Ho etsa sena, lihlopha tse peli tsa VRRP li entsoe ka sebopeho se le seng. Sehlopha se seng se behoa pele ho feta se seng. Tabeng ena, ho router ea bobeli ntho e tlang pele e behiloe ka tsela e fapaneng. Tseo. haeba ho router e le 'ngoe, sehlopha sa pele se etelletsa pele ke 100,' me sehlopha sa bobeli ke 200, joale ho router e 'ngoe, sehlopha sa pele se tla pele ho 200,' me sa bobeli 100.

Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, sehlopha ka seng se tlameha ho ba le VIP ea sona e ikhethang. Ka lebaka leo, re fumana liaterese tse peli tsa IP tse sebeletsoang ke li-routers tse peli, tseo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka sebetsang e le heke ea kamehla.

Halofo ea lik'homphieutha li abeloa aterese e le 'ngoe ea heke, halofo e 'ngoe. Kahoo, halofo ea sephethephethe e tla feta ka router e le 'ngoe,' me halofo e fetele e 'ngoe. Haeba e 'ngoe ea li-routers e hlōleha, ea bobeli e nka mosebetsi oa VIP ka bobeli.

Kahoo, VRRP e u lumella ho hlophisa mamello ea phoso ea heke ea kamehla, ho eketsa ho tšepahala ha marang-rang. 'Me haeba u sebelisa li-routers tse' maloa, u ka boela ua leka-lekanya mojaro pakeng tsa li-routers tsa sebele. Lebelo la ho hloleha ho arabela le ka fokotsoa ka ho fokotsa nako.

Source: www.habr.com