Sehlooho sa thuto ea kajeno ke RIP, kapa routing information protocol. Re tla bua ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea eona, tlhophiso ea eona le meeli. Joalokaha ke boletse, RIP ha se karolo ea kharikhulamo ea Cisco 200-125 CCNA, empa ke ile ka etsa qeto ea ho fana ka thuto e fapaneng ho protocol ena kaha RIP ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e meholo ea ho tsamaisa.
Kajeno re tla sheba lintlha tse 3: ho utloisisa ts'ebetso le ho theha RIP ho li-routers, nako ea RIP, lithibelo tsa RIP. Protocol ena e thehiloe ka 1969, kahoo ke e 'ngoe ea li-protocol tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tsa marang-rang. Molemo oa eona o ka ba bonolo bo sa tloaelehang. Kajeno, lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa marang-rang, ho kenyeletsoa Cisco, li tsoela pele ho tšehetsa RIP hobane hase protocol ea thepa e kang EIGRP, empa ke protocol ea sechaba.
Ho na le mefuta e 2 ea RIP. Mofuta oa pele, oa khale, ha o tšehetse VLSM - mask a subnet a bolelele bo fapaneng ao aterese ea IP e se nang sehlopha e thehiloeng ho ona, kahoo re ka sebelisa marang-rang a le mong feela. Ke tla bua ka taba ena hamorao. Phetolelo ena le eona ha e tšehetse netefatso.
Ha re re u na le li-routers tse 2 tse hokahaneng. Tabeng ena, router ea pele e bolella moahelani oa eona ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe eo e e tsebang. Ha re re marang-rang a 10 a hokahane le router ea pele, marang-rang a 20 a pakeng tsa router ea pele le ea bobeli, 'me marang-rang a 30 a ka morao ho router ea bobeli. Joale router ea pele e bolella ea bobeli hore e tseba marang-rang 10 le 20, 'me router 2 e bolela. router 1 eo e e tsebang ka marang-rang a 30 le marang-rang a 20.
Protocol ea ho tsamaisa e bontša hore marang-rang ana a mabeli a lokela ho eketsoa tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa. Ka kakaretso, ho bonahala eka router e le 'ngoe e bolella router ea boahelani ka marang-rang a amanang le eona, e bolellang moahelani oa eona, joalo-joalo. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, RIP ke mokhoa oa ho seba o lumellang li-routers tsa boahelani ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling, moahelani e mong le e mong a lumela seo ba se bolelloang ntle le maemo. Router e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e "mamela" liphetoho tsa marang-rang 'me e li arolelana le baahelani ba eona.
Ho haella ha tšehetso ea netefatso ho bolela hore router leha e le efe e hokahaneng le marang-rang hang-hang e fetoha morupeluoa ea feletseng. Haeba ke batla ho theola marang-rang, ke tla hokahanya router ea ka ea mohatelli le ntjhafatso e mpe ho eona, 'me kaha li-routers tse ling kaofela lia e tšepa, li tla nchafatsa litafole tsa bona tsa ho tsamaisa ka tsela eo ke e batlang. Mofuta oa pele oa RIP ha o fane ka tšireletso khahlanong le ho qhekella ho joalo.
Ho RIPv2, o ka fana ka netefatso ka ho hlophisa router ka nepo. Tabeng ena, ho ntlafatsa tlhahisoleseding pakeng tsa li-routers ho tla khoneha feela ka mor'a ho fetisa netefatso ea marang-rang ka ho kenya phasewete.
RIPv1 e sebelisa khaso, ke hore, liapdeite tsohle li romelloa ho sebelisoa melaetsa ea khaso e le hore e amoheloe ke bankakarolo bohle ba marang-rang. Ha re re ho na le komporo e hokahaneng le router ea pele e sa tsebeng letho ka liapdeite tsena hobane ke lisebelisoa tsa ho tsamaisa feela tse li hlokang. Leha ho le joalo, router 1 e tla romela melaetsa ena ho lisebelisoa tsohle tse nang le Broadcast ID, ke hore, esita le ba sa e hlokeng.
Phetolelong ea bobeli ea RIP, bothata bona bo rarolloa - bo sebelisa Multicast ID, kapa phetiso ea sephethephethe sa multicast. Tabeng ena, ke lisebelisoa feela tse boletsoeng ho litlhophiso tsa protocol tse fumanang lisebelisoa. Ntle le netefatso, mofuta ona oa RIP o ts'ehetsa aterese ea IP ea VLSM e se nang maemo. Sena se bolela hore haeba marang-rang a 10.1.1.1/24 a hokahane le router ea pele, joale lisebelisoa tsohle tsa marang-rang tseo aterese ea IP e leng lethathamong la liaterese tsa subnet ena le tsona li fumana lisebelisoa. Phetolelo ea bobeli ea protocol e tšehetsa mokhoa oa CIDR, ke hore, ha router ea bobeli e fumana ntlafatso, e tseba hore na ke marang-rang afe kapa tsela efe e amehang. Tabeng ea phetolelo ea pele, haeba marang-rang 10.1.1.0 a hokahane le router, joale lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang 10.0.0.0 le marang-rang a mang a sehlopha se le seng le tsona li tla fumana lisebelisoa. Tabeng ena, router 2 e tla boela e fumane boitsebiso bo feletseng mabapi le ntlafatso ea marang-rang ana, empa ntle le CIDR e ke ke ea tseba hore tlhahisoleseding ena e amana le subnet e nang le liaterese tsa IP tsa sehlopha sa A.
Sena ke seo RIP e leng sona ka kakaretso. Joale a re shebeng hore na e ka hlophisoa joang. U hloka ho kena mokhoeng oa tlhophiso ea lefats'e ea litlhophiso tsa router 'me u sebelise taelo ea Router RIP.
Ka mor'a sena, u tla bona hore hlooho ea mola oa taelo e fetohile ho R1 (config-router) # hobane re falletse boemong ba subcommand ea router. Taelo ea bobeli e tla ba Version 2, ke hore, re bontša router hore e lokela ho sebelisa version 2 ea protocol. Ka mor'a moo, re tlameha ho kenya aterese ea marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang ao lintlafatso li lokelang ho fetisoa ho tsona ho sebelisoa taelo ea XXXX ea marang-rang. molemong oa sena. U tla bona seo ke se bolelang ha u sheba tlhophiso ea marang-rang.
Mona re na le li-routers tse 4 le komporo e hokahantsoeng ho switjha ka marang-rang a nang le identifier 192.168.1.0/26, e arotsoeng ka li-subnets tse 4. Re sebelisa li-subnet tse 3 feela: 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26 le 192.168.1.128/26. Re ntse re e-na le subnet 192.168.1.192/26, empa ha e sebelisoe hobane ha e hlokehe.
Lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa li na le liaterese tse latelang tsa IP: k'homphieutha 192.168.1.10, koung ea pele ea router ea pele 192.168.1.1, koung ea bobeli 192.168.1.65, koung ea pele ea router ea bobeli 192.168.1.66, koung ea bobeli ea router ea bobeli 192.168.1.129. kou ea pele ea router ea boraro 192.168.1.130 . Nakong e fetileng re buile ka likopano, kahoo ha ke khone ho latela kopano ebe ke abela aterese .1 ho sekepe sa bobeli sa router, hobane .1 hase karolo ea marang-rang ena.
Ka mor'a moo, ke sebelisa liaterese tse ling, hobane re qala marang-rang a mang - 10.1.1.0/16, kahoo sekepe sa bobeli sa router ea bobeli, eo marang-rang ana a kopantsoeng ho eona, e na le aterese ea IP ea 10.1.1.1, le kou ea bone. router, eo phetoho e amanang le eona - aterese 10.1.1.2.
Ho lokisa marang-rang ao ke a entseng, ke tlameha ho fana ka liaterese tsa IP ho lisebelisoa. Ha re qale ka boema-kepe ba pele ba router ea pele.
Taba ea pele, re tla bopa lebitso la moamoheli R1, re abele aterese 0 ho port f0/192.168.1.1 mme re hlakise maske a subnet 255.255.255.192, kaha re na le marang-rang /26. Ha re phethe tlhophiso ea R1 ka taelo ea no shut. Boema-kepe ba bobeli ba router ea pele f0/1 e tla fumana aterese ea IP ea 192.168.1.65 le subnet mask ea 255.255.255.192.
Router ea bobeli e tla fumana lebitso la R2, re tla abela aterese 0 le subnet mask 0 ho ea pele koung f192.168.1.66/255.255.255.192, aterese 0 le subnet mask 1 ho ea bobeli port f192.168.1.129/255.255.255.192 XNUMX.
Ha re fetela ho router ea boraro, re tla e abela lebitso la moeti R3, port f0/0 e tla fumana aterese 192.168.1.130 le maske 255.255.255.192, le port f0/1 e tla fumana aterese 10.1.1.1 le maske 255.255.0.0. 16, hobane marang-rang ana ke /XNUMX.
Qetellong, ke tla ea ho router ea ho qetela, ke e rehe R4, 'me ke fane ka port f0/0 aterese ea 10.1.1.2 le mask a 255.255.0.0. Kahoo, re lokiselitse lisebelisoa tsohle tsa marang-rang.
Qetellong, a re shebeng litlhophiso tsa marang-rang a k'homphieutha - e na le aterese ea IP e tsitsitseng ea 192.168.1.10, mask a halofo ea 255.255.255.192, le aterese ea kamehla ea heke ea 192.168.1.1.
Kahoo, u bone mokhoa oa ho hlophisa mask a subnet bakeng sa lisebelisoa ho li-subnet tse fapaneng, ho bonolo haholo. Joale ha re bulele routing. Ke kena ho litlhophiso tsa R1, beha mokhoa oa tlhophiso ea lefats'e ebe ke thaepa taelo ea router. Kamora sena, sistimi e fana ka malebela bakeng sa liprothokholo tse ka bang teng tsa ho tsamaisa taelo ena: bgp, eigrp, ospf le rip. Kaha thuto ea rona e mabapi le RIP, ke sebelisa taelo ea router rip.
Haeba u thaepa letšoao la potso, sistimi e tla fana ka tlhahiso e ncha bakeng sa taelo e latelang e nang le likhetho tse ka khonehang bakeng sa mesebetsi ea protocol ena: kakaretso-kakaretso - kakaretso ea litsela, tlhaiso-leseling - taolo ea tlhahiso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea kamehla, marang-rang. - marang-rang, linako, joalo-joalo. Mona o ka khetha tlhahisoleseling eo re tla e fapanyetsana le lisebelisoa tsa boahelani. Mosebetsi oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke phetolelo, kahoo re tla qala ka ho kenya taelo ea phetolelo ea 2. Ka mor'a moo re lokela ho sebelisa taelo ea senotlolo sa marang-rang, e hlahisang tsela bakeng sa marang-rang a IP a boletsoeng.
Re tla tsoela pele ho lokisa Router1 hamorao, empa hajoale ke batla ho fetela ho Router 3. Pele ke sebelisa taelo ea marang-rang ho eona, a re shebeng ka lehlakoreng le letona la topology ea marang-rang a rona. Sebaka sa bobeli sa router se na le aterese 10.1.1.1. RIP e sebetsa joang? Le mofuta oa eona oa bobeli, RIP, joalo ka protocol ea khale, e ntse e sebelisa litlelase tsa eona tsa marang-rang. Ka hona, le hoja marang-rang a rona a 10.1.1.0/16 e le a sehlopha sa A, re tlameha ho hlakisa mofuta o felletseng oa aterese ena ea IP re sebelisa taelo ea marang-rang 10.0.0.0.
Empa le haeba ke thaepa marang-rang a taelo 10.1.1.1 ebe ke sheba tlhophiso ea hona joale, ke tla bona hore tsamaiso e lokisitse 10.1.1.1 ho 10.0.0.0, ka tsela e iketsang e sebelisa mokhoa o feletseng oa ho bua ka sehlopha. Kahoo haeba u ka kopana le potso mabapi le RIP tlhatlhobong ea CCNA, u tla tlameha ho sebelisa aterese ea sehlopha se felletseng. Haeba sebakeng sa 10.0.0.0 u thaepa 10.1.1.1 kapa 10.1.0.0, u tla etsa phoso. Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore phetoho ho foromo ea aterese ea sehlopha se feletseng e itlhahisa ka bo eona, ke u eletsa hore qalong u sebelise aterese e nepahetseng e le hore u se ke ua ema ho fihlela tsamaiso e lokisa phoso. Hopola - RIP e lula e sebelisa aterese ea marang-rang ea maemo a felletseng.
Ka mor'a hore u sebelise taelo ea marang-rang ea 10.0.0.0, router ea boraro e tla kenya marang-rang ena ea leshome ka har'a protocol ea ho tsamaisa 'me e romelle ntjhafatso ho latela tsela ea R3-R4. Hona joale o hloka ho lokisa protocol ea routing ea router ea bone. Ke kena litlhophisong tsa eona 'me ka tatellano ke kenya litaelo router rip, version 2 le network 10.0.0.0. Ka taelo ena ke kopa R4 ho qala ho bapatsa marang-rang 10. ho sebelisa RIP routing protocol.
Hona joale li-routers tsena tse peli li ne li ka fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseding, empa e ne e ke ke ea fetola letho. Ho sebelisa taelo ea pontšo ea ip ho bontša hore FastEthernrt port 0/0 e hokahane ka kotloloho le marang-rang 10.1.0.0. Router ea bone, ha e se e fumane phatlalatso ea marang-rang ho tloha ho router ea boraro, e tla re: "e moholo, motsoalle, ke fumane tsebiso ea hau ea marang-rang a leshome, empa ke se ke ntse ke tseba ka eona, hobane ke amana ka ho toba le marang-rang ana."
Ka hona, re tla khutlela ho litlhophiso tsa R3 ebe re kenya marang-rang a mang ka taelo ea marang-rang 192.168.1.0. Ke boetse ke sebelisa mokhoa oa ho bua oa sehlopha se felletseng. Ka mor'a sena, router ea boraro e tla khona ho phatlalatsa marang-rang a 192.168.1.128 haufi le tsela ea R3-R4. Joalokaha ke se ke boletse, RIP ke "lesebo" le bolellang baahelani bohle ba eona ka marang-rang a macha, ho fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding ho tloha tafoleng ea eona ea ho tsamaisa ho bona. Haeba joale u sheba tafoleng ea router ea boraro, u ka bona data ea marang-rang a mabeli a hokahaneng ho eona.
E tla fetisetsa data ena lipheletsong tse peli tsa tsela ho li-routers tsa bobeli le tsa bone. Ha re feteleng ho li-setting tsa R2. Ke kenya litaelo tse tšoanang router rip, version 2 le network 192.168.1.0, 'me ke hona moo lintho li qalang ho thahasellisa. Ke hlalosa marang-rang 1.0, empa ke marang-rang 192.168.1.64/26 le marang-rang 192.168.1.128/26. Ka hona, ha ke hlakisa marang-rang 192.168.1.0, ke fana ka mokhoa oa botekgeniki bakeng sa li-interfaces tse peli tsa router ena. Molemo ke hore ka taelo e le 'ngoe feela u ka beha routing bakeng sa likou tsohle tsa sesebelisoa.
Ke hlalosa hantle li-parameter tse tšoanang bakeng sa router R1 mme ke fana ka routing bakeng sa li-interfaces ka bobeli ka tsela e ts'oanang. Ha joale u sheba tafoleng ea R1 ea ho tsamaisa, u ka bona marang-rang kaofela.
Router ena e tseba ka marang-rang 1.0 le marang-rang a 1.64. E boetse e tseba ka marang-rang 1.128 le 10.1.1.0 hobane e sebelisa RIP. Sena se bontšoa ke hlooho ea R moleng o tsamaisanang le tafole ea ho tsamaisa.
Ka kopo ela hloko tlhahisoleseding [120/2] - ena ke sebaka sa tsamaiso, ke hore, ho tšepahala ha mohloli oa boitsebiso ba ho tsamaisa. Boleng bona bo ka ba bo boholo kapa bo nyane, empa ho sa feleng bakeng sa RIP ke 120. Ka mohlala, tsela e tsitsitseng e na le sebaka sa tsamaiso sa 1. Ha sebaka sa tsamaiso se tlaase, ho na le protocol e ka tšeptjoang haholoanyane. Haeba router e na le monyetla oa ho khetha pakeng tsa liprothokholo tse peli, mohlala pakeng tsa tsela e tsitsitseng le RIP, joale e tla khetha ho fetisetsa sephethephethe holim'a tsela e tsitsitseng. Boleng ba bobeli ka masakaneng, /2, ke metric. Ho protocol ea RIP, metric e bolela palo ea hop. Tabeng ena, marang-rang 10.0.0.0/8 a ka finyelloa ka hop tse 2, ke hore, router R1 e tlameha ho romela sephethephethe holim'a marang-rang 192.168.1.64/26, ena ke hop ea pele, le holim'a marang-rang 192.168.1.128/26, sena ke hop ea bobeli, ho fumana marang-rang 10.0.0.0/8 ka sesebelisoa se nang le sebopeho sa FastEthernet 0/1 se nang le aterese ea IP 192.168.1.66.
Ho bapisa, router R1 e ka fihla marang-rang 192.168.1.128 ka sebaka sa tsamaiso sa 120 ho 1 hop ka sebopeho sa 192.168.1.66.
Hona joale, haeba u leka ho ping segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo R0 le IP aterese 4 ho tswa khomphuteng PC10.1.1.2, e tla ka katleho khutlela.
Boiteko ba pele bo hlōlehile ka molaetsa oa Kopo o felisitsoeng ke nako, hobane ha u sebelisa ARP pakete ea pele e lahlehile, empa tse ling tse tharo li ile tsa khutlisetsoa ho moamoheli ka katleho. Sena se fana ka puisano ea ntlha-to-ntlha ho marang-rang ho sebelisa protocol ea RIP ea ho tsamaisa.
Kahoo, e le hore u qale ho sebelisa protocol ea RIP ka router, u lokela ho thathamisa litaelo tsa router rip, version 2 le marang-rang <nomoro ea marang-rang / sekhetho sa marang-rang ka mokhoa o feletseng oa sehlopha>.
Ha re ee ho li-setting tsa R4 mme re kenye taelo ea show ip route. U ka bona marang-rang ao 10. e amana ka ho toba le router, 'me marang-rang 192.168.1.0/24 a fumaneha ka port f0 / 0 le IP address 10.1.1.1 ka RIP.
Haeba u ela hloko ponahalo ea marang-rang a 192.168.1.0/24, u tla hlokomela hore ho na le bothata ka kakaretso ea litsela. Haeba kakaretso ea auto e lumelletsoe, RIP e tla akaretsa marang-rang kaofela ho fihla ho 192.168.1.0/24. Ha re shebeng hore na li-timers ke life. Protocol ea RIP e na le linako tse 4 tsa mantlha.
The Update timer e ikarabella bakeng sa khafetsa ea ho romella liapdeite, ho romella lintlafatso tsa protocol metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 30 ho li-interfaces tsohle tse nkang karolo ho RIP routing. Sena se bolela hore e nka tafole ea ho tsamaisa le ho e abela likoung tsohle tse sebetsang ka mokhoa oa RIP.
Ha re nahane hore re na le router 1, e hokahaneng le router 2 ka marang-rang a N2. Pele ho ea pele le ka mor'a router ea bobeli ho na le marang-rang N1 le N3. Router 1 e bolella Router 2 hore e tseba marang-rang a N1 le N2 mme e e romella ntjhafatso. Router 2 e bolella Router 1 hore e tseba marang-rang a N2 le N3. Tabeng ena, metsotsoana e meng le e meng ea 30 li-port tsa router li fapanyetsana litafole tsa litsela.
A re nahane hore ka lebaka le itseng khokahanyo ea N1-R1 e robehile 'me router 1 ha e sa khona ho buisana le marang-rang a N1. Kamora sena, router ea pele e tla romella feela liapdeite mabapi le marang-rang a N2 ho router ea bobeli. Router 2, ha e se e fumane tlhahiso e joalo ea pele, e tla nahana: "e kholo, joale ke tlameha ho kenya marang-rang N1 ho Nako e sa sebetseng," ka mor'a moo e tla qala nako e sa sebetseng. Bakeng sa metsotsoana ea 180 e ke ke ea fapanyetsana lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang tsa N1 le mang kapa mang, empa ka mor'a nako ena e tla emisa Nako e sa nepahaleng ebe e qala Nako ea ho ntlafatsa hape. Haeba nakong ea metsotsoana ena ea 180 e sa fumane lisebelisoa leha e le life tsa boemo ba marang-rang a N1, e tla e beha ho Hold Down timer e tšoarellang metsotsoana ea 180, ke hore, nako ea Hold Down e qala hang ka mor'a hore nako e sa sebetseng e felile.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, sebali se seng, sa bone sa Flush se ntse se sebetsa, se qalang ka nako e sa sebetseng. Nako ena e khetholla nako ea nako pakeng tsa ho fumana ntlafatso ea ho qetela e tloaelehileng mabapi le marang-rang N1 ho fihlela marang-rang a tlosoa tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa. Kahoo, ha nako ea nako ena e fihla metsotsoana e 240, marang-rang a N1 a tla be a qheletsoe ka thoko ho tafole ea ho tsamaisa router ea bobeli.
Kahoo, Update Timer e romella lintlafatso metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 30. Nako e sa sebetseng, e sebetsang metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 180, e emela ho fihlela ntlafatso e ncha e fihla ho router. Haeba e sa fihle, e beha marang-rang sebakeng sa ho ts'oaroa, 'me Hold Down Timer e sebetsa metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 180. Empa li-timers tse Invalid le Flush li qala ka nako e le 'ngoe, e le hore metsotsoana ea 240 ka mor'a hore Flush e qale, marang-rang a sa boleloang ho apdeite ha a kenyelletsoe tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa. Nako ea li-timers tsena e behiloe ka mokhoa oa kamehla 'me e ka fetoloa. Ke seo li-timers tsa RIP li leng sona.
Joale ha re tsoeleng pele ho nahana ka mefokolo ea protocol ea RIP, ho na le e mengata ea eona. E 'ngoe ea likhaello tse kholo ke ho akaretsa ka bohona.
Ha re khutlele marang-rang a rona 192.168.1.0/24. Router 3 e bolella Router 4 mabapi le marang-rang a 1.0, a bontšitsoeng ke /24. Sena se bolela hore liaterese tsohle tsa 256 IP marang-rang ana, ho kenyelletsa le ID ea marang-rang le aterese ea phatlalatso, li teng, ho bolelang hore melaetsa e tsoang ho lisebelisoa tse nang le aterese leha e le efe ea IP sebakeng sena e tla romelloa ka marang-rang a 10.1.1.1. Ha re shebeng tafole ea ho tsamaisa R3.
Re bona marang-rang 192.168.1.0/26, a arotsoe ka li-subnet tse 3. Sena se bolela hore router e tseba feela ka liaterese tse tharo tse boletsoeng tsa IP: 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.64 le 192.168.1.128, tseo e leng tsa marang-rang /26. Empa ha e tsebe letho, ka mohlala, ka lisebelisoa tse nang le liaterese tsa IP tse fumanehang ho tloha 192.168.1.192 ho 192.168.1.225.
Leha ho le joalo, ka mabaka a itseng, R4 e nahana hore e tseba ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka sephethephethe seo R3 e se romelang, ke hore, liaterese tsohle tsa IP ho marang-rang a 192.168.1.0/24, e leng leshano ka ho feletseng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-routers li ka 'na tsa qala ho theola sephethephethe hobane li "thetsana" - ka mor'a moo, router 3 ha e na tokelo ea ho bolella router ea bone hore e tseba ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ka li-subnets tsa marang-rang ana. Sena se etsahala ka lebaka la bothata bo bitsoang "auto-summing". E etsahala ha sephethephethe se tsamaea marang-rang a fapaneng a maholo. Ka mohlala, molemong oa rona, marang-rang a nang le liaterese tsa sehlopha sa C a hokahane ka router ea R3 ho marang-rang a nang le liaterese tsa sehlopha sa A.
Router ea R3 e nka marang-rang ana a tšoana 'me ka bo eona e akaretsa litsela tsohle ho aterese e le' ngoe ea marang-rang 192.168.1.0. Ha re hopole seo re buileng ka sona ka ho akaretsa litsela tsa supernet ho e 'ngoe ea livideo tse fetileng. Lebaka la ho akaretsa le bonolo - router e lumela hore ho kena ho le leng tafoleng ea routing, ho rona sena ke ho kena 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] ka 10.1.1.1, ho molemo ho feta 3 tse kenang. Haeba marang-rang a na le makholo a li-subnets tse nyane, joale ha kakaretso e koetsoe, tafole ea ho tsamaisa e tla ba le palo e kholo ea likenyo tsa ho tsamaisa. Ka hona, ho thibela ho bokellana ha boitsebiso bo bongata litafoleng tsa ho tsamaisa, ho sebelisoa kakaretso ea litsela.
Leha ho le joalo, molemong oa rona, litsela tsa ho akaretsa li-auto li baka bothata hobane li qobella router ho fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseding ea bohata. Ka hona, re hloka ho kena litlhophisong tsa router ea R3 mme re kenye taelo e thibelang litsela tsa ho akaretsa ka boits'oaro.
Ho etsa sena, ke thaepa ka tatellano litaelo tsa router rip mme ha ho kakaretso-kakaretso. Ka mor'a sena, u lokela ho ema ho fihlela ntjhafatso e hasana ho pholletsa le marang-rang, ebe joale o ka sebelisa taelo ea ip ea pontšo ho litlhophiso tsa router ea R4.
U ka bona hore na tafole ea routing e fetohile joang. Ho kena 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] ka 10.1.1.1 ho ile ha bolokoa ho tloha phetolelong e fetileng ea tafole, 'me joale ho na le litlhaloso tse tharo tseo, ka lebaka la Update timer, li nchafatsoang metsotsoana e meng le e meng ea 30. Flush timer e tiisa hore metsotsoana ea 240 ka mor'a ntlafatso le metsotsoana ea 30, ke hore, ka mor'a metsotsoana ea 270, marang-rang ana a tla tlosoa tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa.
Marang-rang a 192.168.1.0/26, 192.168.1.64/26 le 192.168.1.128/26 a thathamisitsoe ka nepo, joale haeba sephethephethe se reretsoe sesebelisoa 192.168.1.225, sesebelisoa seo se tla se theola hobane router ha e tsebe moo sesebelisoa se nang le lisebelisoa. aterese eo. Empa tabeng e fetileng, ha re ne re e-na le auto-summarization ea litsela tse nolofalitsoeng ho R3, sephethephethe sena se ne se tla lebisoa ho marang-rang a 10.1.1.1, a neng a fosahetse ka ho feletseng, hobane R3 e lokela ho lahlela lipakete tsena hang-hang ntle le ho li romela ho feta.
Joaloka molaoli oa marang-rang, o lokela ho theha marang-rang a nang le palo e fokolang ea sephethephethe se sa hlokahaleng. Ka mohlala, tabeng ena ha ho hlokahale ho fetisa sephethephethe sena ka R3. Mosebetsi oa hau ke ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho thibela sephethephethe ho romelloa lisebelisoa tse sa li hlokeng.
Moeli o latelang oa RIP ke Loops, kapa li-loops tsa routing. Re se re buile ka khokahano ea marang-rang, ha tafole ea ho tsamaisa e ntlafalitsoe ka nepo. Tabeng ea rona, router ha ea lokela ho fumana lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang a 192.168.1.0/24 haeba e sa tsebe letho ka eona. Ha e le hantle, convergence e bolela hore tafole ea ho tsamaisa e nchafatsoa feela ka lintlha tse nepahetseng. Sena se lokela ho etsahala ha router e koetsoe, e tsosolositsoe, e hokahane le marang-rang, joalo-joalo. Convergence ke boemo boo ho bona lintlafatso tsohle tse hlokahalang tsa litafole tsa ho tsamaisa li phethetsoe 'me lipalo tsohle tse hlokahalang li entsoe.
RIP e na le khokahano e mpe haholo 'me ke protocol e tsamaeang butle haholo. Ka lebaka la ho lieha hona, routing Loops, kapa bothata ba "infinite counter" bo hlaha.
Ke tla taka setšoantšo sa marang-rang se tšoanang le mohlala o fetileng - router 1 e hokahane le router 2 ka marang-rang N2, marang-rang a N1 a hokahane le router 1, 'me marang-rang a N2 a hokahane le router 3. A re nke hore ka lebaka le itseng khokahanyo ea N1-R1 e robehile.
Router 2 e tseba hore marang-rang a N1 a fumaneha ka hop e le 'ngoe ka router 1, empa marang-rang ana ha a sebetse hajoale. Ka mor'a hore marang-rang a hlōlehe, ts'ebetso ea nako e qala, router 1 e e beha sebakeng sa Hold Down, joalo-joalo. Leha ho le joalo, router 2 e na le Update timer e sebetsang, 'me ka nako e behiloeng e romela ntjhafatso ho router 1, e reng marang-rang a N1 a fumaneha ka eona ka hop tse peli. Ntlafatso ena e fihla ho router 1 pele e e-ba le nako ea ho romella router 2 tlhahiso-leseling mabapi le ho hlōleha ha marang-rang N1.
Kamora ho fumana ntlafatso ena, router 1 e nahana: "Kea tseba hore marang-rang a N1 a hokahaneng le 'na ha a sebetse ka mabaka a itseng, empa router 2 e ile ea mpolella hore e fumaneha ka eona ka hop tse peli. Kea mo lumela, kahoo ke tla eketsa hop e le 'ngoe, ke ntlafatse tafole ea ka ea ho tsamaisa le ho romela router 2 ntjhafatso e reng marang-rang a N1 a fumaneha ka router 2 ka hop tse tharo!
Kamora ho fumana ntlafatso ena ho tsoa ho router ea pele, router 2 e re: "Ho lokile, pejana ke ile ka fumana ntlafatso e tsoang ho R1, e boletseng hore marang-rang a N1 a fumaneha ka eona ka hop e le 'ngoe. Hona joale o ile a mpolella hore e fumaneha ka 3 hops. Mohlomong ho na le ntho e fetohileng marang-rang, ha ke kholoe, kahoo ke tla ntlafatsa tafole ea ka ea ho tsamaisa ka ho eketsa hop e le 'ngoe. " Ka mor'a sena, R2 e romela ntjhafatso ho router ea pele, e bolelang hore marang-rang a N1 a se a fumaneha ka li-hops tse 4.
O ya bona hore bothata ke eng? Li-routers ka bobeli li romellana lintlafatso, li eketsa hop e le 'ngoe nako le nako,' me qetellong palo ea hop e fihla palo e kholo. Ho protocol ea RIP, palo e kholo ea li-hops ke 16, 'me hang ha e fihla boleng bona, router e hlokomela hore ho na le bothata' me e mpa e tlosa tsela ena ho tloha tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa. Bona ke bothata ba ho tsamaisa loops ho RIP. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore RIP ke protocol ea vector ea hole; e shebella sebaka se hole feela, ntle le ho ela hloko boemo ba likarolo tsa marang-rang. Ka 1969, ha marang-rang a likhomphutha a ne a le butle ho feta hona joale, mokhoa oa ho atamela vector o ne o loketse, kahoo baetsi ba RIP ba ile ba khetha lipalo tsa hop joalo ka metric e kholo. Leha ho le joalo, kajeno mokhoa ona o baka mathata a mangata, kahoo marang-rang a morao-rao a fetohile haholo ho mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho tsamaisa, e kang OSPF. Ha e le hantle, protocol ena e fetohile tekanyetso bakeng sa marang-rang a lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa lefats'e. Re tla sheba protocol ena ka botlalo ho e 'ngoe ea livideo tse latelang.
Re ke ke ra hlola re khutlela ho RIP, hobane ho sebelisa mohlala oa protocol ena ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea marang-rang, ke u boleletse ka ho lekaneng ka mekhoa ea motheo ea ho tsamaisa le mathata ao ba lekang ho se sebelise protocol ena bakeng sa marang-rang a maholo. Lithutong tse latelang tsa video re tla sheba mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea ho tsamaisa - OSPF le EIGRP.
Kea leboha ka ho lula le rona. Na u rata lingoliloeng tsa rona? U batla ho bona litaba tse ling tse khahlisang? Re tšehetse ka ho etsa odara kapa ho khothaletsa metsoalle, Theolelo ea 30% bakeng sa basebelisi ba Habr ho analog e ikhethang ea li-server tsa boemo ba ho kena, e iqapetsoeng ke rona bakeng sa hau: (e fumaneha ka RAID1 le RAID10, ho fihla ho li-cores tse 24 le ho fihla ho 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd makhetlo a 2 ka theko e tlase? Ke mona feela naheng ea Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ho tloha $99! Bala ka
Source: www.habr.com