Kajeno re tla sheba dynamic trunking protocol DTP le VTP - VLAN trunking protocol. Joalokaha ke boletse thutong e fetileng, re tla latela lihlooho tsa tlhahlobo ea ICND2 ka tatellano eo li thathamisitsoeng ho eona webosaeteng ea Cisco.
Nakong ea ho qetela re shebile ntlha ea 1.1, 'me kajeno re tla sheba 1.2 - ho theha, ho hlahloba le ho rarolla mathata a marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang: ho eketsa le ho tlosa li-VLAN ho tloha kutu le DTP le VTP protocols versions 1 le 2.
Boema-kepe bohle bo ka ntle ho lebokose bo lokiselitsoe ka mokhoa oa kamehla ho sebelisa mokhoa oa Dynamic Auto oa protocol ea DTP. Sena se bolela hore ha likou tse peli tsa li-switches tse fapaneng li hokahane, kutu e buloa ka bo eona pakeng tsa bona haeba e 'ngoe ea likou e le ka har'a kutu kapa ka mokhoa o lakatsehang. Haeba likou tsa li-switches ka bobeli li le maemong a Dynamic Auto, kutu ha e thehoe.
Kahoo, ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e itšetlehile ka ho beha mekhoa ea ho sebetsa ea e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-switches tse peli. Bakeng sa ho utloisisa habonolo, ke entse tafole ea mefuta e ka bang teng ea mefuta ea DTP ea li-switches tse peli. Ua bona hore haeba li-switches ka bobeli li sebelisa Dynamic Auto, li ke ke tsa theha kutu, empa li tla lula li le ho Access mode. Ka hona, haeba u batla hore kutu e bōptjoe pakeng tsa li-switches tse peli, u tlameha ho hlophisa bonyane e le 'ngoe ea li-switches ho mokhoa oa Trunk, kapa u hlophise boema-kepe ba kutu ho sebelisa mokhoa o lakatsehang oa Dynamic. Joalo ka ha ho bonoa tafoleng, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likou tsa switch e ka ba ho e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e 2: Phihlelo, Dynamic Auto, Dynamic Desirable kapa Trunk.
Haeba likou ka bobeli li lokiselitsoe ho kena, li-switches tse hoketsoeng li tla sebelisa mokhoa oa ho kena. Haeba boema-kepe bo le bong bo hlophiselitsoe Dynamic Auto 'me bo bong bakeng sa Access, ka bobeli bo tla sebetsa ka mokhoa oa Access. Haeba kou e le 'ngoe e sebetsa ka mokhoa oa Access le e' ngoe ka mokhoa oa Trunk, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho hokahanya li-switches, kahoo motsoako ona oa mekhoa o ke ke oa sebelisoa.
Kahoo, e le hore trunking e sebetse, hoa hlokahala hore e 'ngoe ea likou tsa switch e hlophiselitsoe Trunk,' me e 'ngoe bakeng sa Trunk, Dynamic Auto kapa Dynamic Desirable. Kutu e boetse e thehoa haeba likou ka bobeli li lokiselitsoe ho Dynamic Desirable.
Phapang lipakeng tsa Dynamic Desirable le Dynamic Auto ke hore ka mokhoa oa pele, boema-kepe ka bo bona bo qala kutu, bo romella liforeimi tsa DTP boema-kepeng ba switch ea bobeli. Boemong ba bobeli, boema-kepe bo ema ho fihlela motho e mong a qala ho buisana le bona, 'me haeba likou tsa li-switches ka bobeli li lokiselitsoe ho Dynamic Auto, kutu ha ho mohla e thehoa lipakeng tsa tsona. Tabeng ea Dynamic Desirable, boemo bo fapane - haeba likou ka bobeli li lokiselitsoe mokhoa ona, ho tla hlokahala hore ho thehoe kutu pakeng tsa bona.
Ke u eletsa hore u hopole tafole ena, kaha e tla u thusa ho lokisa li-switches tse hokahaneng hantle. Ha re shebeng karolo ena lenaneong la Packet Tracer. Ke hokahane li-switches tse 3 hammoho ka letoto mme joale ke tla bonts'a khomphutha ea CLI windows bakeng sa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsena skrineng.
Haeba ke kenya taelo ea int trunk, re ke ke ra bona kutu leha e le efe, e leng ntho ea tlhaho ka ho feletseng ha ho se na litlhophiso tse hlokahalang, kaha li-switches tsohle li lokiselitsoe mokhoa oa Dynamic Auto. Haeba ke kopa ho bonts'a li-parameter tsa f0/1 tsa switch ea bohareng, u tla bona hore maemong a tsamaiso ho thathamisitsoe parameter ea auto dynamic.
Li-switches tsa boraro le tsa pele li na le litlhophiso tse tšoanang - li boetse li na le port f0/1 ka mokhoa o matla oa likoloi. Haeba u hopola tafole, bakeng sa ho trunking likou tsohle li tlameha ho ba maemong a kutu kapa e 'ngoe ea likou e tlameha ho ba ka mokhoa o lakatsehang o Matla.
Ha re keneng litlhophisong tsa switch ea pele ea SW0 'me re lokise port f0/1. Ka mor'a ho kenya taelo ea switchport mode, tsamaiso e tla u susumelletsa hore u be le mekhoa e ka khonehang ea mokhoa: ho fihlella, ho matla kapa kutu. Ke sebelisa switchport mode matla a lakatsehang taelo, 'me u ka hlokomela kamoo trunk port f0/1 ea switjha bobeli, ka mor'a ho kenya taelo ena, pele o ile a ea boemong bo tlaase, 'me joale, ka mor'a ho amohela DTP foreime ea switjha pele, o ile a ea. boemong bo phahameng.
Haeba joale re kenya taelo ea int trunk ho CLI console ea switch SW1, re tla bona hore port f0/1 e maemong a trunking. Ke kenya taelo e tšoanang ka console ea switjha SW1 'me ke bona boitsebiso bo tšoanang, ke hore, hona joale kutu e kenngoa pakeng tsa li-switches SW0 le SW1. Tabeng ena, boema-kepe ba sesebelisoa sa pele bo maemong a lakatsehang, 'me boema-kepe ba bobeli bo maemong a auto.
Ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa li-switches tsa bobeli le tsa boraro, kahoo ke ea ho litlhophiso tsa sesebelisoa sa boraro ebe ke kenya taelo ea switchport mode e lakatsehang. Ua bona hore phetohong ea bobeli ho bile le liphetoho tse tšoanang tsa boemo bo tlase, feela joale ba ama port f0/2, moo switjha 3 e hokahaneng. Hona joale switjha ea bobeli e na le likutu tse peli: e 'ngoe ho sebopeho sa f0/1, ea bobeli ho f0/2. Sena se ka bonoa haeba u sebelisa taelo ea show int trunk.
Likou tse peli tsa sesebelisoa sa bobeli li maemong a likoloi, ke hore, bakeng sa ho ts'oaroa le li-switches tsa boahelani, likou tsa bona li tlameha ho ba ka har'a kutu kapa ka mokhoa o lakatsehang, hobane ntlheng ena ho na le mekhoa e 2 feela ea ho theha kutu. U sebelisa tafole, u ka lula u lokisa likou tsa switch ka tsela ea ho hlophisa kutu lipakeng tsa tsona. Sena ke motheo oa ho sebelisa dynamic trunking protocol DTP.
Ha re qale ho sheba VLAN trunking protocol, kapa VTP. Protocol ena e etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le khokahano ea li-database tsa VLAN tsa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang, e tsamaisang phetiso ea database ea VLAN e ntlafalitsoeng ho tloha sesebelisoa se seng ho ea ho se seng. Ha re khutleleng potolohong ea rona ea li-switch tse 3. VTP e ka sebetsa ka mekhoa e 3: seva, moreki le pepeneneng. VTP v3 e na le mokhoa o mong o bitsoang Off, empa tlhahlobo ea Cisco e akaretsa feela mefuta ea VTP XNUMX le XNUMX.
Mokhoa oa seva o sebelisoa ho theha li-VLAN tse ncha, ho hlakola kapa ho fetola marang-rang ka mola oa taelo ea switch. Boemong ba bareki, ha ho ts'ebetso e ka etsoang ho li-VLAN; ka mokhoa ona, ke database ea VLAN feela e nchafalitsoeng ho tsoa ho seva. Mokhoa o pepeneneng o sebetsa joalo ka ha protocol ea VTP e holofetse, ke hore, switch ha e ntše melaetsa ea eona ea VTP, empa e fetisetsa lintlafatso ho tsoa ho li-switches tse ling - haeba ntlafatso e fihla ho e 'ngoe ea likou tsa switch, e e fetisa ka boeona ebe e romella. e fetela pele holim'a marang-rang ka koung e 'ngoe. Ka mokhoa o pepeneneng, sesebelisoa se sebetsa feela joalo ka sefetisi sa melaetsa ea batho ba bang ntle le ho ntlafatsa polokelong ea sona ea VLAN.
Selaeteng sena u bona litaelo tsa tlhophiso ea protocol ea VTP e kentsoeng ka mokhoa oa tlhophiso ea lefats'e. Taelo ea pele e ka fetola mofuta oa protocol o sebelisitsoeng. Taelo ea bobeli e khetha mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa VTP.
Haeba u batla ho theha sebaka sa VTP, sebelisa vtp domain <domain name> taelo, le ho seta password ea VTP eo ue hlokang ho kenya vtp password <PASSWORD> taelo. Ha re ee ho khomphutha ea CLI ea sesebelisoa sa pele mme re shebe boemo ba VTP ka ho kenya taelo ea boemo ba show vtp.
U bona VTP protocol version ke ea bobeli, palo e kholo ea li-VLAN tse tšehetsoeng ke 255, palo ea li-VLAN tse teng ke 5, 'me mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa VLAN ke seva. Tsena ke li-setting tsa kamehla. Re se re buisane ka VTP thutong ea Letsatsi la 30, kahoo haeba u lebetse ntho leha e le efe, u ka khutlela morao 'me u shebelle video ena hape.
Ho bona database ea VLAN, ke fana ka taelo e khuts'oane ea show vlan. VLAN1 le VLAN1002-1005 li bontšoa mona. Ka nako e sa lekanyetsoang, li-interfaces tsohle tsa mahala tsa switch li hokahane le marang-rang a pele - likou tse 23 tsa Fast Ethernet le likou tse 2 tsa Gigabit Ethernet, li-VLAN tse 4 tse setseng ha li tšehetsoe. Li-database tsa VLAN tsa li-switches tse ling tse peli li shebahala li tšoana hantle, ntle le hore SW1 ha e na 23, empa likou tse 22 tsa Fast Ethernet tsa mahala bakeng sa li-VLAN, kaha f0/1 le f0/2 li lula likutung. E re ke u hopotse hape ka se neng se tšohloa thutong ea "Letsatsi la 30" - protocol ea VTP e ts'ehetsa feela ho nchafatsa makhotla a VLAN.
Haeba ke lokisa likou tse ngata ho sebelisa VLAN ka phihlello ea switchport le ho fihlella litaelo tsa VLAN10, VLAN20, kapa VLAN30, tlhophiso ea likou tseo e ke ke ea phetoa ke VTP hobane VTP e nchafatsa feela polokelong ea VLAN.
Kahoo, haeba e 'ngoe ea likou tsa SW1 e lokiselitsoe ho sebetsa le VLAN20, empa marang-rang ana ha a teng VLAN database, boema-kepe bo tla koaloa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintlafatso tsa database li etsahala feela ha u sebelisa protocol ea VTP.
Ke sebelisa taelo ea boemo ba show vtp, ke bona hore li-switch tsohle tse 3 li se li le maemong a seva. Ke tla chencha switjha e bohareng SW1 hore e be mokhoa o bonaletsang ka vtp mode transparent command, le switjha ea boraro SW2 hore e be mokhoa oa moreki ka taelo ea moreki oa mokhoa oa vtp.
Joale ha re khutlele ho switjha ea pele ea SW0 'me re thehe sebaka sa nwking.org re sebelisa vtp domain <domain name> taelo. Haeba joale u sheba boemo ba VTP ba phetoho ea bobeli, e leng ka mokhoa o hlakileng, u ka bona hore ha ea ka ea itšoara ka tsela leha e le efe ho thehoeng ha sebaka sa marang-rang - sebaka sa VTP Domain Name se ile sa lula se se na letho. Leha ho le joalo, switjha ea boraro, e maemong a bareki, e ntlafalitse database ea eona mme joale e na le lebitso la domain VTP-nwking.org. Kahoo, ntlafatso ea polokelo ea polokelo ea switjha SW0 e fetile SW1 mme e bonts'itsoe ho SW2.
Joale ke tla leka ho fetola domain name e boletsoeng, eo ke tla ea ho litlhophiso tsa SW0 ebe ke thaepa taelo ea vtp domain NetworKing. Joalokaha u bona, lekhetlong lena ho ne ho se na ntjhafatso - lebitso la domain la VTP ho switjha ea boraro le ile la lula le tšoana. 'Nete ke hore ntlafatso e joalo ea lebitso la domain e etsahala hang feela, ha sebaka sa kamehla se fetoha. Haeba kamora sena lebitso la domain la VTP le fetoha hape, le tla hloka ho fetoloa ka letsoho ho li-switches tse setseng.
Joale ke tla theha marang-rang a macha a VLAN100 ho khomphutha ea CLI ea switch ea pele ebe ke e bitsa IMRAN. E hlahile polokelong ea VLAN ea switjha ea pele, empa ha ea ka ea hlaha polokelong ea sesebelisoa sa boraro, hobane tsena ke libaka tse fapaneng. Hopola hore ho nchafatsa database ea VLAN ho etsahala feela haeba li-switches ka bobeli li na le domain name, kapa, joalo ka ha ke bonts'itse pejana, ho behiloe lebitso le lecha sebakeng sa lebitso la kamehla.
Ke kena litlhophisong tsa li-switch tse 3 ebe ka tatellano ke kenya mokhoa oa vtp le litaelo tsa vtp domain NetworKing. Ka kopo elelloa hore ho kenya mabitso ho bonolo, kahoo mopeleto oa lebitso la domain o tlameha ho tšoana hantle le li-switches ka bobeli. Joale ke khutlisetsa SW2 mokhoeng oa bareki ke sebelisa vtp mode client command. A re bone se etsahalang. Joalokaha u bona, hona joale, haeba domain name e lumellana, database ea SW2 e ntlafalitsoe mme marang-rang a macha a VLAN100 IMRAN a hlahile ho eona, 'me liphetoho tsena ha li na phello ho sesebelisoa se tloaelehileng, hobane se le ka mokhoa o hlakileng.
Haeba u batla ho itšireletsa ho tsoa ho phihlello e sa lumelloeng, u ka etsa password ea VTP. Leha ho le joalo, u tlameha ho etsa bonnete ba hore sesebelisoa ka lehlakoreng le leng se tla ba le password e tšoanang hantle, hobane ke tabeng ena feela e tla khona ho amohela lisebelisoa tsa VTP.
Ntho e latelang eo re tla e sheba ke ho faola VTP, kapa ho "pruning" ha VLAN e sa sebelisoeng. Haeba u na le lisebelisoa tse 100 marang-rang a hau a sebelisang VTP, ntlafatso ea database ea VLAN e sesebelisoa se le seng e tla ikamahanya le lisebelisoa tse ling tse 99. Leha ho le joalo, ha se lisebelisoa tsena kaofela tse nang le li-VLAN tse boletsoeng ntlafatsong, kahoo tlhahisoleseling e mabapi le tsona e kanna ea se hlokehe.
Ho romela lintlafatso tsa database tsa VLAN ho lisebelisoa tse sebelisang VTP ho bolela hore likou tsohle tsa lisebelisoa tsohle li tla fumana leseli mabapi le li-VLAN tse kentsoeng, tse tlositsoeng le tse fetotsoeng tseo mohlomong ha ba na letho le amanang le tsona. Ka nako e ts'oanang, marang-rang a koaloa ke sephethephethe se feteletseng. Ho thibela sena hore se se ke sa etsahala, ho sebelisoa khopolo ea ho fokotsa VTP. Ho etsa hore mokhoa oa "ho poma" oa li-VLAN tse sa sebetseng switch, sebelisa vtp pruning command. Joale li-switch li tla bolellana hore na ke li-VLAN life tseo li hlileng li li sebelisang, kahoo li lemosa baahisani hore ha ba hloke ho romela lintlafatso ho marang-rang a sa hokahaneng le bona.
Mohlala, haeba SW2 e sena likou tsa VLAN10, ha e hloke SW1 ho e romella sephethephethe bakeng sa marang-rang ao. Ka nako e ts'oanang, switjha SW1 e hloka sephethephethe sa VLAN10 hobane e 'ngoe ea likou tsa eona e hokahane le marang-rang ana, ha e hloke ho romella sephethephethe sena ho switjha SW2.
Kahoo haeba SW2 e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho pruning oa vtp, e bolella SW1: "ke kopa o seke oa nthomella sephethephethe bakeng sa VLAN10 hobane marang-rang ana ha a hokahane le 'na' me ha ho le e 'ngoe ea likou tsa ka tse lokiselitsoeng ho sebetsa le marang-rang ana." Sena ke seo ho sebelisa vtp pruning command ho se etsang.
Ho na le mokhoa o mong oa ho sefa sephethephethe bakeng sa sebopeho se itseng. E u lumella ho lokisa boema-kepe holim'a kutu e nang le VLAN e itseng. Phoso ea mokhoa ona ke tlhokahalo ea ho hlophisa koung e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea kutu, e tla hloka ho hlalosoa hore na ke li-VLAN life tse lumelletsoeng le tse thibetsoeng. Ho etsa sena, ho sebelisoa tatellano ea litaelo tse 3. Ea pele e bontša segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo angoa ke lithibelo tsena, ea bobeli retelehela segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo ena boema-kepe kutu, 'me ea boraro - switchport kutu ile a lumella vlan < all/none/add/remove/VLAN number> - e bontša hore na VLAN e lumelloa boema-kepeng bona: tsohle, ha ho le ea mong, VLAN ho ekeletsoa kapa VLAN ho hlakolwa.
Ho itšetlehile ka boemo bo itseng, u khetha seo u ka se sebelisang: VTP pruning kapa Trunk e lumelletsoe. Mekhatlo e meng e khetha ho se sebelise VTP ka mabaka a ts'ireletso, kahoo e khetha ho hlophisa trunking ka letsoho. Kaha taelo ea ho pruning ea vtp ha e sebetse ho Packet Tracer, ke tla e bontša ho emulator ea GNS3.
Haeba u kena ho litlhophiso tsa SW2 'me u kenya taelo ea ho pruning ea vtp, sistimi e tla tlaleha hang-hang hore mokhoa ona o lumelletsoe: Ho pruning ho buletsoe, ke hore, "Pruning" ea VLAN e buletsoe ka taelo e le 'ngoe feela.
Haeba re thaepa taelo ea boemo ba vtp, re tla bona hore mokhoa oa ho pruning oa vtp o nolofalitsoe.
Haeba u seta mokhoa ona ho seva sa switch, e-ea ho li-setting tsa eona ebe u kenya vtp pruning command. Sena se bolela hore lisebelisoa tse hokahaneng le seva li tla sebelisa vtp pruning ka bo eona ho fokotsa sephethephethe sa trunking bakeng sa li-VLAN tse sa sebetseng.
Haeba u sa batle ho sebelisa mokhoa ona, u tlameha ho kena ka har'a sebopeho se itseng, mohlala, e0/0, ebe u ntša taelo ea vlan ea switchport trunk. Sistimi e tla u fa malebela mabapi le liparamente tse ka khonehang bakeng sa taelo ena:
- WORD - Nomoro ea VLAN e tla lumelloa ho sehokelo sena ka mokhoa oa kutu;
- eketsa - VLAN e tla kenyelletsoa lethathamong la database la VLAN;
- kaofela - lumella li-VLAN tsohle;
- ntle le - lumella li-VLAN tsohle ntle le tse boletsoeng;
- ha ho le e 'ngoe-e thibelang li-VLAN tsohle;
- tlosa - tlosa VLAN lethathamong la polokelo ea VLAN.
Ka mohlala, haeba re e-na le kutu e lumelletsoeng bakeng sa VLAN10 'me re batla ho e lumella bakeng sa marang-rang a VLAN20, joale re lokela ho kenya trunk ea switchport e lumelletsoeng vlan eketsa taelo ea 20.
Ke batla ho u bontša ntho e 'ngoe, kahoo ke sebelisa taelo ea trunk interface. Ka kopo hlokomela hore ka ho sa feleng li-VLAN tsohle tsa 1-1005 li ne li lumelloa bakeng sa kutu, 'me hona joale VLAN10 e ekelitsoe ho tsona.
Haeba ke sebelisa switchport kutu ile a lumella vlan eketsa 20 taelo le botsa hape ho bontša boemo kutu, re ka bona hore kutu hona joale e na le marangrang a mabeli lumelloa - VLAN10 le VLAN20.
Tabeng ena, ha ho sephethephethe se seng, ntle le se reretsoeng marang-rang a boletsoeng, se tla khona ho feta ka har'a kutu ena. Ka ho lumella sephethephethe feela bakeng sa VLAN 10 le VLAN 20, re hanne sephethephethe bakeng sa li-VLAN tse ling kaofela. Mona ke mokhoa oa ho hlophisa litlhophiso tsa trunking bakeng sa VLAN e itseng ho sebopeho se itseng sa switch.
Ka kopo hlokomela hore ho fihlela qetellong ea letsatsi la November 17, 2017, re na le theolelo ea 90% ka litšenyehelo tsa ho kopitsa mosebetsi oa laboratori tabeng ena ho websaeteng ea rona.
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Source: www.habr.com