Thuto ea kajeno ea video e mabapi le liprothokholo tsa tsamaiso ea Distance Vector le Link State e etella pele e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa bohlokoahali tsa thupelo ea CCNA - OSPF le EIGRP routing protocols. Sehlooho sena se tla nka lithuto tsa video tse 4 kapa tse 6 tse latelang. Ka hona, kajeno ke tla bua ka bokhutšoanyane ka likhopolo tse 'maloa tseo u lokelang ho li tseba pele u qala ho ithuta ka OSPF le EIGRP.
Thutong e fetileng, re hlahlobile karolo ea 2.1 ea sehlooho sa ICND2, 'me kajeno re tla ithuta likarolo tsa 2.2 "Ho tšoana le ho se tšoane pakeng tsa li-protocol tsa li-distance Vector (DV) le li-protocol tsa mecha ea puisano ea Link State (LS)" le 2.3 "Ho tšoana le ho se tšoane. lipakeng tsa liprothokholo tsa ka hare le tsa kantle ".
Joalokaha ke boletse, livideong tse latelang tse 4 kapa tse 6 re tla bua ka lihlooho tsa bohlokoa tsa thupelo eohle - OSPFv2 bakeng sa IPv4, OSPFv3 bakeng sa IPv6, EIGRP bakeng sa IPv4 le EIGRP bakeng sa IPv6. Hangata baithuti ba mpotsa hore na Routing protocol ke eng le hore na e fapana joang le ea Routed/Routable protocol.
Protocol ea ho tsamaisa e sebelisoang ke router, joalo ka RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, le tse ling. Protocol ea routing ke mokhoa oo li-routers li buisanang ka tsona moo ba fapanyetsanang tlhahisoleseling mabapi le marang-rang le ho tlatsa litafole tsa bona tsa ho tsamaisa ka tlhahisoleseling eo. Ho ipapisitsoe le litafole tsena, ba etsa liqeto tsa ho tsamaisa.
Ka mor'a hore li-routers li "buisane" 'me li tlatse litafole tsa routing, li entse sena sohle ka thuso ea protocol ea routing, li etsa liqeto mabapi le ho romela sephethephethe ho marang-rang a mang. E sebelisa protocol e ka tsamaisoang e lumellang li-routers ho fetisetsa kapa ho tsamaisa sephethephethe. Liprothokholo tsena li kenyelletsa IPv4 le IPv6.
Kahoo, protocol ea routing e etsa bonnete ba hore litafole tsa ho tsamaisa li tlatsitsoe ka tlhahisoleseding, 'me protocol e tsamaisoang e tiisa hore sephethephethe se tsamaisoa ho latela boitsebiso bo litafoleng tsena. Ka lebaka la IPv4 kapa IPv6, data e fetisoang e kentsoe 'me e fanoa ka lihlooho tsa IP, joalo ka ha mabitso a liprothokholo tsena ka botsona, IP, a bontša.
Potso e latelang e mabapi le phapang pakeng tsa Interior Gateway Protocol le Exterior Gateway Protocol. Se lumelle lentsoe "heke" ho u thetsa. Ka tloaelo, li-routers li sebelisoa tsamaisong e ikemetseng. A re re u na le li-routers tse 50 k'hamphaning ea hau u sebelisa protocol efe kapa efe ea IP eo u e ratang. Kaofela ha tsona li theha tsamaiso e ikemetseng, ke hore, li sebelisoa le ho laoloa ke k'hamphani e le 'ngoe, mokhatlo o le mong.
Kahoo, liprothokholo tse sebelisetsoang ho fana ka routing ka har'a sistimi e ikemetseng e joalo li bitsoa li-internal gateway protocols, 'me liprothokholo tsa ho tsamaisa kantle ho sistimi li bitsoa li-protocol tsa kantle tsa heke. The External Gateway Protocol e fana ka tsela lipakeng tsa Litsamaiso tse fapaneng tse ikemetseng. Sistimi e le 'ngoe e joalo e ka ba ISP ea hau, mme sistimi ea bona e ka ba li-routers tse ka bang 200. Litsamaiso tse ikemetseng li sebelisa protocol ea kantle ea heke ho buisana.
Melao ea ka hare ea liheke ke RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, le protocol e le 'ngoe hajoale e sebelisoa e le protocol ea kantle ea heke - BGP.
Litlhaloso tse peli tse latelang tseo u hlokang ho li utloisisa ke Distance Vector le Link State. Ena ke mefuta e 'meli ea protocol ea ka hare ea heke.
Ha re re re na le li-routers tse 3 tse hokahaneng le marang-rang a 192.168.10.0/24. Ha re li bitse A, B, le C. Ho tsoa thupelong ea ICND1, rea tseba se etsahalang ha u sebelisa RIP.
Hobane Router B e haufi haholo le marang-rang a 192.168.10.0/24, Router B e romela papatso ea marang-rang ena pele ho Router A le Router C. Router C e boetse e fetisetsa papatso ena ho Router A. Router A e fumana boitsebiso mabapi le marang-rang a marang-rang a 192.168.10.0. - f24/0 le f0/0. Kaha protocol ea RIPv1 e sebelisa metric ea Hop Count, e tla bolella router hore tsela e nepahetseng ea ho fihla marang-rang ena ke ka Router B, hobane joale marang-rang a ka finyelloa ka hop e le 'ngoe. Haeba u sebelisa sebopeho sa f2/192.168.10.0 ho buisana le marang-rang a 24/0, joale ho tla hlokahala 1 hop. Kahoo, ho ea ka pono ea router A, ho tla ba molemo ho sebelisa sebopeho sa f2 / 0. A e etsa qeto ena hobane e sebelisa RIP, e leng protocol ea hole ea vector.
Ho ea ka setšoantšo se bontšitsoeng, rea bona hore ena ke tharollo e nepahetseng, hobane sebaka se pakeng tsa A le B ke se khutšoanyane ka ho fetisisa. Empa ho etsahala'ng haeba ke re ho na le mola oa 64 kbps pakeng tsa A le B, le mohala oa 100 Mbps pakeng tsa C le B, 'me mola o tšoanang o pakeng tsa C le A?
Ke tsela efe tlas'a maemo a joalo e tla ba e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa?
Ehlile, 100 megabits moleng oa bobeli o betere ho feta 64 kilobits moleng oa motsotsoana, leha tsela e fetang ho eona e nka hop tse 2 ho fapana le e le 'ngoe. Leha ho le joalo, protocol ea vector ea hole RIP ha e nahane ka lebelo la phetisetso ea sephethephethe, kaha khetho ea tsela e nepahetseng e tataisoa ke palo e tlase ea hop. Tabeng ena, ho molemo ho sebelisa protocol ea Link State e kang OSPF. Protocol ena e lekola litšenyehelo tsa litsela, 'me ho fumana e "theko e tlase" e romela sephethephethe tseleng ea Router A - Router C - Router B.
Ha ho bapisoa le RIP, OSPF e rarahane haholo, e nahanela lintlha tse ngata ha ho khethoa tsela e ntle ka ho fetisisa, le ho fumana tsela e khutšoanyane ho ea ka metrics.
EIGRP e kile ea e-ba mokhoa oa Cisco proprietary routing protocol 'me hona joale ke mokhoa o bulehileng. Ke motsoako oa likarolo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa protocol ea vector ea hole le protocol ea boemo ba marang-rang. E ela hloko ka bobeli li-bandwidth le ho lieha ha marang-rang. Joalo ka ha u tseba, ha tsela e le telele, ke hore, li-hops tse ngata, li lieha ho feta. Ka hona, protocol ea EIGRP e khetha tsela e nang le palo e kholo ea ho feta le ho lieha ho fokolang ka ho bapisa metrics ea litsela. Thepa e bonts'itsoeng le latency ke karolo ea foromo e thehiloeng holima qeto ea ho tsamaisa.
Ena ke phapang lipakeng tsa liprothokholo tsa Distance Vector le Link State. Liprothokholo tsa vector tsa bohole li nka feela sebaka sa tsela, ha liprothokholo tsa Link State li nka boemo ba marang-rang haufi le tsela ea tsela, joalo ka lebelo le ho feta.
EIGRP ke hybrid routing protocol kaha e kopanya likarolo tsa liprothokholo tse kaholimo. Ho ea ka pono ea Cisco, ena ke protocol e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho tsamaisa, kahoo e khethoa ke baenjiniere bohle ba k'hamphani, empa protocol e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ke OSPF. Lebaka ke hore EIGRP e sa tsoa fetoha maemo a bulehileng, kahoo barekisi ba mekhatlo ea boraro ha ba tsebe hantle hore na e lumellana joang le thepa ea bona ea marang-rang.
Nahana hore na ho na le tekanyo efe ea ho tšepa protocol. Ha router A e amohela tlhahisoleseding ea litsela ho tsoa mehloling e fapaneng ea 2, e sebelisa mokhoa oa ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke litsela life tse peli tse lokelang ho kenngoa tafoleng ea ho tsamaisa. Ho bonolo hobane o sheba liparamente tsa litsela B-A le A-C-B, oa li bapisa mme o etsa qeto e molemo ka ho fetisisa. Ha e le hantle, OSPF e boetse e jarisa litekanyo, ke hore, haeba litsela tse peli li na le litšenyehelo tse tšoanang, joale e etsa ho leka-lekanya mojaro. Re tla tšohla taba ena ka botlalo livideong tse latelang, empa kajeno ke batla feela hore u tsebe ka eona.
A re shebeng tafole e latelang. Ka tlase ke tla boela ke hule li-routers A, B le C, tse etsang tsamaiso ea marang-rang e ikemetseng k'hamphaning ea hau. Ha re re k'hamphani ea hau e fumane k'hamphani e 'ngoe e nang le sistimi e nang le li-routers A1, B1, le C1. Kahoo, joale u na le lik'hamphani tse peli, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le marang-rang a eona. Ha re re ea pele e sebelisa protocol ea EIGRP, 'me ea bobeli e sebelisa OSPF.
Ha e le hantle, u ka boela ua fetola marang-rang a hau ho sebelisa OSPF, kapa u fetola marang-rang a k'hamphani ea hau ho EIGRP, empa ke mosebetsi o mongata oa tsamaiso. Bakeng sa k'hamphani e nyenyane, sena se ntse se ka etsoa, empa haeba khampani e le khōlō, joale ena ke mosebetsi o mongata. Tabeng ena, o ka boela oa aba, ke hore, nka litsela tsa EIGRP 'me ua li aba holim'a OSPF,' me u abe hape litsela tsa OSPF holim'a EIGRP. Hoa khoneha. Ho etsa sena, e 'ngoe ea li-routers tsa k'hamphani ea hau e tlameha ho sebetsa ho li-protocol tse peli - EIGRP le OSPF, ha re re e tla ba router B. E tla ba le tafole ea ho tsamaisa, moo litsela tse ling li fumanoang ho tsoa ho EIGRP, le tse ling tsa OSPF. Ha re re re na le marang-rang a mang ao lik'hamphani ka bobeli li hokahaneng le ona. Tabeng ena, k'hamphani ea pele e tla sebelisa litsela tsa tafole ea EIGRP ho buisana le eona, 'me ea bobeli e tla sebelisa litsela tse tsoang ho protocol ea OSPF,' me ho tla ba thata haholo ho bapisa litsela tsena tse fumanoang mehloling e fapaneng, hobane e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e tla ba thata haholo. ba khetha tsela e ntle ho latela metrics ea bona.
Tabeng ena, ho sebelisoa khopolo ea Bohole ba Tsamaiso, kapa sebaka sa tsamaiso. E thusa router ho khetha tsela e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa ho tsoa litseleng tse 'maloa tse fumanoang ho tsoa ho liprothokholo tse fapaneng tsa ho tsamaisa. Ka mohlala, haeba router B e amana ka ho toba le router C, joale sebaka sa tsamaiso se tla ba 0, e leng tsela e tšepahalang ka ho fetisisa. Ha re re A e tsebisa B hore le eena o na le phihlello ea C, moo router B e tla mo araba: "Ke leboha tlhahisoleseling ea hau, empa router C e hokahane le 'na ka kotloloho, kahoo ke khetha khetho ka sebaka se senyenyane sa tsamaiso, eseng khetho ea ho buisana ka uena".
Sebaka sa tsamaiso se bontša tekanyo ea kholiseho ho protocol. Ha sebaka sa tsamaiso se le nyane, tšepo e kholoanyane. Khetho e latelang e tšeptjoang ka ho fetisisa ka mor'a ho hokahanya ka ho toba ke khokahanyo e tsitsitseng le sebaka sa tsamaiso sa 1. Boemo ba tšepo bakeng sa EIGRP ke 90, OSPF 110, le RIP 120.
Ka hona, haeba EIGRP le OSPF ka bobeli li emela marang-rang a tšoanang, router e tla tšepa tlhahisoleseding ea routing e fumanoang ho EIGRP, hobane protocol ena e na le sebaka sa tsamaiso sa 90, se ka tlaase ho sa OSPF.
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Source: www.habr.com