Sebelisa ka botlalo sesebelisoa sa tsamaiso ea marang-rang ea NetworkManager moleng oa taelo oa Linux u sebelisa sesebelisoa sa nmcli.
Tšebeliso ka ho toba e letsetsa API ho fihlella mesebetsi ea NetworkManager.
E hlahile ka 2010 mme ho ba bangata e fetohile mokhoa o mong oa ho lokisa likhokahano tsa marang-rang le likhokahano. Le hoja batho ba bang ba ntse ba e sebelisa . Hobane nmcli ke sesebelisoa sa mola oa taelo (CLI) se etselitsoeng ho sebelisoa lifensetereng tsa terminal le lingoloa, se loketse batsamaisi ba sistimi ba sebetsang ntle le GUI.
ncmli taelo ea syntax
Ka kakaretso, syntax e shebahala tjena:
$ nmcli <options> <section> <action>- likhetho ke liparamente tse khethollang bolotsana ba ts'ebetso ea nmcli,
- karolo (karolo) - e khetha hore na ke lisebelisoa life tse tla sebelisoa,
- ketso - e o lumella ho hlakisa hore na ke eng e hlileng e lokelang ho etsoa.
Ho na le likarolo tse 8 ka kakaretso, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e amahanngoa le sehlopha se itseng sa litaelo (liketso):
- Thusa e fana ka thuso mabapi le litaelo tsa ncmcli le ts'ebeliso ea tsona.
- General e khutlisetsa boemo ba NetworkManager le tlhophiso ea lefats'e.
- Inthaneteng e kenyelletsa litaelo tsa ho botsa boemo ba khokahano ea marang-rang le ho nolofalletsa/ho tima likhokahano.
- seea-le- e kenyelletsa litaelo tsa ho botsa boemo ba khokahano ea marang-rang ea WiFi le ho nolofalletsa/ho tima likhokahano.
- ho hlokomela e kenyelletsa litaelo tsa ho beha leihlo tšebetso ea NetworkManager le ho bona liphetoho maemong a likhokahano tsa marang-rang.
- Kamano e kenyelletsa litaelo tsa ho laola likhokahano tsa marang-rang, ho eketsa likhokahano tse ncha le ho hlakola tse teng.
- Sesebelisoa haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang ho fetola lisebelisoa tse amanang le lisebelisoa (joalo ka lebitso la sebopeho) kapa ho hokahanya lisebelisoa ho sebelisa khokahano e teng.
- Secret e ngolisa nmcli joalo ka NetworkManager "moemeli oa lekunutu" ea mamelang melaetsa ea lekunutu. Karolo ena ha e sebelisoe hangata, hobane nmcli e sebetsa ka tsela ena ka ho sa feleng ha e hokela marang-rang.
Mehlala e bonolo
Pele o qala, etsa bonnete ba hore NetworkManager e sebetsa mme nmcli e ka buisana le eona:
$ nmcli general
STATE CONNECTIVITY WIFI-HW WIFI WWAN-HW WWAN
connected full enabled enabled enabled enabledHangata mosebetsi o qala ka ho sheba li-profiles tsohle tsa khokahano ea marang-rang:
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
Wired connection 2 2279d917-fa02-390c-8603-3083ec5a1d3e ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9Taelo ena e sebelisa ketso bontša bakeng sa karolo ea Khokahano.
Mochini oa liteko o sebetsa Ubuntu 20.04. Tabeng ena, re fumane likhokahano tse tharo tsa marang-rang: enp0s3, enp0s8, le enp0s9.
Laola likhokahano
Ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore ho nmcli, ka lentsoe Connection re bolela setheo se nang le tlhaiso-leseling eohle mabapi le khokahano. Ka mantsoe a mang, sena ke tlhophiso ea marang-rang. Khokahano e akaretsa lintlha tsohle tse amanang le khokahano, ho kenyeletsoa lera la lihokelo le tlhaiso-leseling ea aterese ea IP. Tsena ke Layer 2 le Layer 3 mofuteng oa marang-rang oa OSI.
Ha u theha marang-rang ho Linux, hangata u theha likhokahano tse tla qetella li tlameletsoe ho lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, tseo hape e leng li-interfaces tsa marang-rang tse kentsoeng khomphuteng. Ha sesebelisoa se sebelisa khokahano, se nkuoa se sebetsa kapa se phahame. Haeba khokahano e sa sebetse, ha e sebetse kapa e seta bocha.
Ho eketsa likhokahano tsa marang-rang
Ts'ebeliso ea ncmli e u lumella ho eketsa kapele le ho lokisa likhokahano hang-hang. Mohlala, ho eketsa khokahano ea Wired 2 (ka enp0s8), o hloka ho tsamaisa taelo e latelang joalo ka superuser:
$ sudo nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname enp0s8
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' (09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5) successfully added.Khethong ea mofuta re bonts'a hore ena e tla ba khokahano ea Ethernet, 'me ho khetho ea ifname (interface name) re bonts'a sebopeho sa marang-rang seo re batlang ho se sebelisa.
Sena ke se tla etsahala ka mor'a ho tsamaisa taelo:
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
Wired connection 2 2279d917-fa02-390c-8603-3083ec5a1d3e ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9
ethernet-enp0s8 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5 ethernet -- Khokahano e ncha e entsoe, ethernet-enp0s8. E ne e abetsoe UUID mme mofuta oa khokahano e ne e le Ethernet. Ha re e phahamise re sebelisa up command:
$ nmcli connection up ethernet-enp0s8
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)Ha re hlahlobeng lenane la likhokahano tse sebetsang hape:
$ nmcli connection show --active
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
ethernet-enp0s8 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5 ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9Khokahano e ncha ea ethernet-enp0s8 e kentsoe, e sebetsa ebile e sebelisa sebopeho sa marang-rang sa enp0s8.
Ho theha likhokahano
Ts'ebeliso ea ncmli e u lumella ho fetola habonolo liparamente tsa likhokahano tse teng. Ka mohlala, o hloka ho fetola aterese ea hau ea IP e matla (DHCP) ho aterese ea IP e tsitsitseng.
Ha re re re hloka ho beha aterese ea IP ho 192.168.4.26. Ho etsa sena re sebelisa litaelo tse peli. Ea pele e tla beha aterese ea IP ka kotloloho, 'me ea bobeli e fetole mokhoa oa ho hlophisa aterese ea IP hore e sebetse:
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.address 192.168.4.26/24
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.method manualU se ke ua lebala ho beha le subnet mask. Bakeng sa khokahanyo ea rona ea liteko sena ke 255.255.255.0, kapa ka /24 bakeng sa tsela e se nang sehlopha (CIDR).
Hore liphetoho li tle li sebetse, o hloka ho koala, ebe o bula khokahano hape:
$ nmcli connection down ethernet-enp0s8
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
$ nmcli connection up ethernet-enp0s8
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveCHaeba, ho fapana le hoo, o hloka ho kenya DHCP, sebelisa auto ho fapana le bukana:
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.method autoHo sebetsa le lisebelisoa
Bakeng sa sena re sebelisa karolo ea Sesebelisoa.
E hlahloba boemo ba sesebelisoa
$ nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
enp0s3 ethernet connected Wired connection 1
enp0s8 ethernet connected ethernet-enp0s8
enp0s9 ethernet connected Wired connection 3
lo loopback unmanaged -- E kopa lintlha tsa sesebelisoa
Ho etsa sena, sebelisa ketso ea pontšo ho tloha karolong ea Sesebelisoa (o tlameha ho bolela lebitso la sesebelisoa). Sesebelisoa se bonts'a tlhahisoleseling e ngata, hangata maqepheng a 'maloa.
Ha re shebeng sebopeho sa enp0s8 seo khokahano ea rona e ncha e se sebelisang. Ha re etse bonnete ba hore e sebelisa aterese ea IP hantle eo re e behileng pejana:
$ nmcli device show enp0s8
GENERAL.DEVICE: enp0s8
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 08:00:27:81:16:20
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: ethernet-enp0s8
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.4.26/24
IP4.GATEWAY: --
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 192.168.4.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 103
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::6d70:90de:cb83:4491/64
IP6.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ROUTE[1]: dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 103
IP6.ROUTE[2]: dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255Ho na le litaba tse ngata haholo. Ha re totobatse ntho ea mantlha:
- Lebitso la marang-rang: enp0s8.
- Mofuta oa khokahano: khokahanyo ea Ethernet ea wired.
- Re bona aterese ea MAC ea sesebelisoa.
- Tekanyo e kholo ea phetisetso (MTU) e hlalositsoe - boholo bo boholo ba "data block" ea pakete e le 'ngoe e ka fetisoang ke protocol ntle le ho arohana.
- Sesebelisoa e hokahaneng hajoale.
- Lebitso la khokahanosesebelisoa se sebelisang: ethernet-enp0s8.
- Sesebelisoa se sebelisa Aterese ea IP, eo re e kentseng pejana: 192.168.4.26/24.
Lintlha tse ling li amana le mekhoa ea kamehla ea litsela le li-gateway tsa khokahanyo. Li itšetlehile ka marang-rang a khethehileng.
Interactive nmcli editor
nmcli e boetse e na le sebali se bonolo se sebetsanang, se ka bang bonolo hore ba bang ba sebetse le sona. Ho e tsamaisa khokahanong ea ethernet-enp0s8 mohlala, sebelisa ketso edit:
$ nmcli connection edit ethernet-enp0s8E boetse e na le thuso e nyane, eo, leha ho le joalo, e nyane ka boholo ho feta mofuta oa console:
===| nmcli interactive connection editor |===
Editing existing '802-3-ethernet' connection: 'ethernet-enp0s8'
Type 'help' or '?' for available commands.
Type 'print' to show all the connection properties.
Type 'describe [<setting>.<prop>]' for detailed property description.
You may edit the following settings: connection, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), 802-1x, dcb, sriov, ethtool, match, ipv4, ipv6, tc, proxy
nmcli>Haeba o thaepa taelo ea khatiso ebe o tobetsa Enter, nmcli e tla bonts'a lisebelisoa tsohle tsa khokahano:
===============================================================================
Connection profile details (ethernet-enp0s8)
===============================================================================
connection.id: ethernet-enp0s8
connection.uuid: 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5
connection.stable-id: --
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.interface-name: enp0s8
connection.autoconnect: yes
connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
connection.autoconnect-retries: -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect: 0 (default)
connection.auth-retries: -1
connection.timestamp: 1593967212
connection.read-only: no
connection.permissions: --
connection.zone: --
connection.master: --
connection.slave-type: --
connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default)
connection.secondaries: --Mohlala, ho seta khokahano ho DHCP, thaepa goto ipv4 ebe o tobetsa kena:
nmcli> goto ipv4
You may edit the following properties: method, dns, dns-search,
dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric,
route-table, routing-rules, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns,
dhcp-client-id, dhcp-iaid, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname,
dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, dhcp-hostname-flags, never-default, may-fail,
dad-timeout
nmcli ipv4>Ebe u ngola mokhoa oa ho seta auto ebe o tobetsa kena:
nmcli ipv4> set method auto
Do you also want to clear 'ipv4.addresses'? [yes]:Haeba u batla ho hlakola aterese ea IP e sa fetoheng, tobetsa kena. Ho seng joalo, thaepa no ebe o tobetsa Enter. U ka e boloka haeba u nahana hore u tla e hloka nakong e tlang. Empa leha ho na le aterese ea IP e tsitsitseng, DHCP e tla sebelisoa haeba mokhoa o behiloe ho auto.
Sebelisa taelo ea ho boloka ho boloka liphetoho tsa hau:
nmcli ipv4> save
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' (09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5) successfully updated.
nmcli ipv4>Tlanya ho tlohela ho tsoa ho nmcli Interactive Editor. Haeba u fetola maikutlo a hau mabapi le ho tsamaea, sebelisa taelo ea morao.
Mme ha se phetho
Bula nmcli Interactive Editor 'me u bone hore na ho na le li-setting tse kae le hore na sebaka ka seng se na le thepa e kae. Sehlophisi se sebetsanang ke sesebelisoa se setle, empa haeba u batla ho sebelisa nmcli ho li-line kapa lingoloa, u tla hloka mofuta o tloaelehileng oa mola oa taelo.
Kaha joale u na le lintlha tsa motheo, hlahloba nmcli ho bona hore na e ka u thusa joang hape.
E le papatso
Li-server tsa Epic - sena ke kapa Linux e nang le li-processor tse matla tsa lelapa tsa AMD EPYC le li-drive tsa Intel NVMe tse potlakileng haholo. Potlaka ho odara!
Source: www.habr.com