Likhetho tse ling tsa Bash li tsebahala ebile li sebelisoa hangata. Ka mohlala, batho ba bangata ba ngola qalong ea script

seta -o xtrace

bakeng sa debugging,

seta -o errexit

ho tsoa ka phoso kapa

set -o erruset

ho tsoa haeba phapano e bitswang e sa setwa.

Empa ho na le likhetho tse ling tse ngata. Ka nako e 'ngoe li hlalosoa ka mokhoa o ferekanyang haholo mananeng, kahoo ke bokelletse tse ling tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mona, ka tlhaloso.

Tlhokomeliso: Li-Mac li kanna tsa ba le mofuta oa khale oa bash (3.x ho fapana le 4.x) moo likhetho tsena kaofela li sa fumaneheng. Tabeng ena, bona mona kapa mona.

set kapa shopt?

Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea ho beha likhetho tsa bash: ho tsoa ho script kapa ho tsoa molaong oa taelo. U ka sebelisa litaelo tse hahelletsoeng set и shopt. Ka bobeli li fetola boitšoaro ba khetla, li etsa ntho e ts'oanang (ka likhang tse fapaneng), empa li fapane ho tsona tšimoloho... Khetho set li futsitsoe kapa li alimiloe ho tsoa ho likhetla tse ling, ha li-parameter shopt e entsoeng ka bash.

Haeba u batla ho bona likhetho tsa hajoale, tsamaisa:

$ set -o
$ shopt

Ho kenya tshebetsong kgetho ho set Ho sebelisoa syntax e telele kapa e khuts'oane:

$ set -o errunset
$ set -e

Phello e tšoana.

Ho tima khetho, o hloka ho kenya tlatsetso ho fapana le ho tlosa:

$ set +e

Ka nako e telele ke ne ke sa hopole syntax ena hobane mohopolo o ne o bonahala o fosahetse (letšoao la minus le nolofalletsa khetho, 'me lets'oao le kenyelletsang lea e tima).

В shopt (ho utloahala haholoanyane) lifolakha li sebelisoa ho nolofalletsa le ho tima likhetho -s (sete) le -u (e sa hlophisoa):

$ shopt -s cdspell # <= on
$ shopt -u cdspell # <= off

Ho fetola li-directory

Ho na le likhetho tse 'maloa tse u thusang ho sebetsa le li-directory.

1.cdspell

Ka tlhophiso ena, bash e tla qala ho utloisisa typos mme e tla u isa foldareng eo lebitso la eona u le ngotseng hampe.

$ shopt -s cdspell
$ mkdir abcdefg
$ cd abcdeg
abcdefg
$ cd ..

Ke 'nile ka sebelisa khetho ena ka lilemo tse ngata' me ka seoelo (mohlomong hang ka selemo) e etsa qeto e makatsang haholo. Empa ka matsatsi a mang cdspell e boloka nako, ka ho toba letsatsi le letsatsi.

2. autocd

Haeba u sa ikemisetsa ho amohela ho se sebetse hantle ha likenyo tse ngata cd, joale o ka seta khetho ena ho ea foldareng ea X haeba taelo ea X e le sieo.

$ shopt -s autocd
$ abcdefg
$ cd ..

Ha e kopantsoe le autocomplete, sena se u lumella ho tlola kapele lipakeng tsa lifoldara:

$ ./abc[TAB][RETURN]
cd -- ./abcdefg

Se ke oa bolela foldara feela rm -rf * (e, ka tsela, sena se ka khoneha).

3.atolosa

Ena ke khetho e ntle e holisang mefuta e fapaneng ea tikoloho ka ho tobetsa Tab:

$ shopt -s direxpand
$ ./[TAB]     # заменяется на...
$ /full/path/to/current_working_folder
$ ~/[TAB]     # заменяется на...
$ /full/path/to/home/folder
$ $HOME/[TAB] #  заменяется на...
$ /full/path/to/home/folder

tlhahiso e hloekileng

4. mesebetsi ea lichelete

Khetho ena e emisa ho tsoa sebokeng haeba ho ntse ho na le mesebetsi e sebetsang ka morao.

Ho e-na le ho tsoa, ​​ho bontšoa lethathamo la mesebetsi e sa phethoang. Haeba u ntse u batla ho tsoa, ​​joale kenya hape exit.

$ shopt -s checkjobs
$ echo $$
68125             # <= ID процесса для оболочки
$ sleep 999 &
$ exit
There are running jobs.
[1]+  Running                 sleep 999 &
$ echo $$
68125             # <= ID процесса для оболочки тот же
$ exit
There are running jobs.
[1]+  Running                 sleep 999 &
$ exit
$ echo $$
$ 59316           # <= на этот раз ID процесса  изменился

Phatlalatso e matla

5.globstar

Khetho ena e u fa matla a matla a ho nkela sebaka! Haeba u kena:

$ shopt -s globstar
$ ls **

joale khetla e tla bontša li-directory tsohle le li-subdirectories ka ho pheta-pheta.

Hammoho le direxpand U ka sheba ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka tlase ho sehlopha sa maemo ka potlako:

$ shopt -s direxpand
$ ls **[TAB][TAB]
Display all 2033 possibilities? (y or n) 

6.extglob

Khetho ena e thusa likarolo tse amanang haholo le lipolelo tse tloaelehileng. Ka linako tse ling sena se thusa haholo:

$ shopt -s extglob
$ touch afile bfile cfile
$ ls
afile bfile cfile
$ ls ?(a*|b*)
afile bfile
$ ls !(a*|b*)
cfile

Mona lipaterone li behiloe ka masakaneng 'me li arotsoe ke bar e emeng. Mona ke basebetsi ba fumanehang:

? = e tsamaisana le zero kapa ketsahalo e le 'ngoe ea lipaterone tse fanoeng! = bonts'a ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e sa lumellaneng le mekhoa e fanoeng * = zero kapa liketsahalo tse ngata + = ketsahalo e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta @ = ketsahalo e le 'ngoe hantle

Tšireletso ea kotsi

7. histverify

Ho ka ba ntho e tšosang qalong ho sebelisa litaelo tse potlakileng tsa ho qala ho tsoa nalaneng ea khutsufatso !! и !$.

Khetho histverify e etsa hore u bone pele hore na Bash o fetolela taelo joang pele e sebetsa:

$ shopt -s histverify
$ echo !$          # <= По нажатию Enter команда не запускается
$ echo histverify  # <= Она сначала демонстрируется на экране,
histverify         # <= а потом запускается 

8. Noclobber

Hape, ho itšireletsa khahlanong le likotsi, e leng ho hlakola faele e seng e ntse e le teng ka redirect operator (>). Sena e ka ba koluoa ​​​​haeba u se na bekapo.

Khetho set -С e thibela ho ngola holimo ho joalo. Haeba ho hlokahala, o ka feta tšireletso ka ho sebelisa opareitara >|:

$ touch afile
$ set -C
$ echo something > afile
-bash: afile: cannot overwrite existing file
$ echo something >| afile
$

Source: www.habr.com