Selelekela
Sengoliloeng sena se reretsoe ho ela hloko batsamaisi ba sistimi ba lokisang libaka tse tloaelehileng tsa mosebetsi ho likhomphutha tse sebetsang Windows 10, ho kenyeletsoa bahlahisi ba software.
Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho na le bothata bo itseng bo amanang le ho se khonehe ho kopanya software e fumanoang lebenkeleng la marang-rang la Microsoft Store bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ka tloaelo ea setšoantšo sa Windows 10. Ntle le ho kena ka lintlha, ke tla hlakisa hore bothata bona bo amana le taba ea hore mananeo a kentsoeng ho tsoa Lebenkeleng la Microsoft a buisana le ak'haonte ea litšebeletso tsa Administrator, le ha popo ea setšoantšo e phethetsoeng ke sesebelisoa sysprep liphoso li etsahala ka lebaka la boemo bona.
Mokhoa o boletsoeng sehloohong sena o qoba bothata bona ha o lokisetsa Windows 10 Setšoantšo sa OS se nang le tsamaiso e nyenyane ea WSL2 e hlophisitsoeng esale pele, hammoho le setšoantšo sa Ubuntu 20.04 OS se lokiselitsoeng pele se nang le KDE Plasma GUI, eo le eona e ka bang le eona. sete ea software e ikhethileng.
Ho na le mehlala le lithupelo tse ngata Marang-rang bakeng sa ho theha li-subsystems tsa WSL (ke hore, WSL1 le WSL2 e ncha), ka ho theha sebopeho sa GUI bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa OS tse thehiloeng ho linux ho tloha ho Ubuntu 16.04 ho ea ho Ubuntu 20.04, empa sena se amehile haholo ka li-desktops. ka seo ho thoeng ke. "lightweight" xfce4, e nang le mefokolo e utloahalang litlhophisong tsa basebelisi. Empa mabapi le KDE Plasma GUI ea Ubuntu 20.04 e amehang, ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e ngata e fumanehang marang-rang. Empa ke khetho ena e fanang ka mosebelisi oa ho qetela ka li-setting tse batlang li se na moeli bakeng sa ponahalo ea sistimi le lisebelisoa tsa Hardware, ehlile, ho nahanoa ka bokhoni ba hona joale ba ho kopanya ba lits'ebetso tsa linux tse kentsoeng ts'ebetsong ea WSL2.
Ho kenya sete e hlokahalang ea software le ho hlophisa WSL2
Re lekola mofuta oa hajoale oa Windows, bakeng sa sena, ho bareng ea ho batla ea Windows, kenya taelo winver mme re fumana ntho e kang ena:
Ho bohlokoa hore mofuta oa OS ke 1903 kapa 1909 (liphetolelo tse boletsoeng tsa OS li tlameha ho ba le ntlafatso e kenyelletsoeng KB4566116 e kentsoeng), kapa 2004 (nomoro ea ho haha e seng ka tlase ho 19041), lintlha tse ling kaofela ha li na taba. Haeba nomoro ea mofuta o le tlase, ho khothaletsoa hore u ntlafatse ho mofuta oa morao-rao oa Windows ho hlahisa liphetho ka nepo sengolong sena.
Bakeng sa boiketlo ba liketso tse ling, kenya Windows Terminal ea mahala u sebelisa Lebenkele la Microsoft (ho boetse ho na le monyetla oa ho khoasolla mehloling e meng):
Re kenya X Server X410 ka Lebenkele le tšoanang la Microsoft, software ena e lefuoa, empa ho na le nako ea mahala ea matsatsi a 15, e lekaneng bakeng sa liteko tse fapaneng.
E le mokhoa o sa lefelloeng oa X410 'me u kenye seva sa VcXsrv X.
Sebakeng sefe kapa sefe se loketseng ho disk, re theha bukana eo re tla boloka lifaele tsa rona ho eona. Ka mohlala, ha re theheng directory C:wsl.
'me u kenye sehlomathiso se ikemetseng sa Ubuntu 20.04, hlakola faele e hlahisitsoeng u sebelisa polokelo ea litaba (mohlala, 7-zip). Reha bocha bukana e sa pakiloeng ka lebitso le lelelele Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 ho ntho e amohelehang haholoanyane, joalo ka Ubuntu-20.04 ebe u e kopitsa ho directory C:wsl (ka mor'a mona ka bonolo wsl).
'me u kenyelle ka har'a directory wsl cross-platform sound server PulseAudio v.1.1., re boetse re etsa litokiso ho lifaele tsa eona tsa tlhophiso.
Ka faele wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa karolong Load audio drivers statically fetola mola:
load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0
le karolong Network access fetola mola:
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
Ka faele wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf hlakola le ho fetola mohala
exit-idle-time = -1
Re lokisa sistimi e nyane ea WSL2 ho latela Microsoft. Maikutlo feela ke hore re se re khoasollotse kabo ea Ubuntu, 'me re tla e kenya mohatong o latelang. Ha e le hantle, tlhophiso e theohela ho nolofalletsa likarolo tse ling "Windows Subsystem for Linux" le "Virtual Machine Platform", ebe e qala bocha ho kenya liphetoho ho litlhophiso tsa komporo:
Haeba ho hlokahala 'me u kenye pakete ea litšebeletso tsa Linux kernel ho WSL2.
Re qala Windows Terminal ebe re khetha mokhoa oa Command Prompt ka ho tobetsa linotlolo Ctrl+Shift+2.
Pele ho tsohle, re beha mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa WSL2, bakeng sa sena re kenya taelo:
wsl --set-default-version 2
Fetolela bukeng ea Ubuntu 20.04 e ikemetseng ea bootloader, molemong oa ka sena ke wslUbuntu-20.04 ebe o tsamaisa faele ubuntu2004.exe. Ha u botsoa bakeng sa lebitso la mosebelisi, kenya lebitso la mosebelisi engineer (o ka kenya lebitso lefe kapa lefe), kenya phasewete ea hau mme u netefatse password e kentsoeng bakeng sa ak'haonte e boletsoeng:
Ho hlaha molaetsa oa terminal, Ubuntu 20.04 kernel e kentsoe. Ha re hlahlobeng ho nepahala ha litlhophiso tsa mokhoa oa WSL2, bakeng sa sena, ho Windows Terminal, khetha tabo ea Windows PowerShell ebe u kenya taelo:
wsl -l -v
sephetho sa ts'ebetso e lokela ho ba tjena:
Re lokisa firewall ea Microsoft Defender, ke hore. e tima bakeng sa marang-rang a sechaba:
Ho theha Ubuntu 20.04
Ho Windows Terminal, khetha tab ea Command Prompt hape 'me u kenye lisebelisoa tsa Ubuntu 20.04. Ho etsa sena, moleng oa taelo, kenya:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y
Kenya komporo ea KDE Plasma:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y
ho kenya ho nka metsotso e ka bang 30, ho itšetlehile ka ts'ebetso ea k'homphieutha le bandwidth ea mocha oa ho kena Inthaneteng, ha re susumetsoa ke mochine, rea tiisa. OK.
Kenya libaka tsa Serussia le lidikishinari tsa Ubuntu 20.04. Ho etsa sena, moleng oa taelo, kenya:
sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales
Kenya mofuta oa morao-rao oa komporo ea KDE Plasma:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Re eketsa lisebelisoa tsa rona tsa li-console, mohlala mc и neofetch:
sudo apt install mc neofetch -y
Re hlahloba se etsahetseng, kena molaong oa taelo neofetch, bona skrini:
Ho fetola faele ea WSL config /etc/wsl.conf:
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
kopitsa mongolo fensetereng e se nang letho ea mongolo oa sengoloa e bulang:
[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true
boloka liphetoho (Ctrl+O), netefatsa ts'ebetso ebe o tsoa ho sengoloa (Ctrl+X).
Ho romella setšoantšo se ikhethileng sa Ubuntu-20.04 bukeng eo re e entseng wsl. Ho etsa sena, ho Windows Terminal, hape khetha tabo ea Windows PowerShell ebe u kenya taelo:
wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
setšoantšo se bōpiloeng se tla re thusa ho iketsetsa ts'ebetso ea ho qala / ho tsosolosa Ubuntu 20.04 e hlophisitsoeng, haeba ho hlokahala, e tla re lumella ho e fetisetsa habonolo khomphuteng e 'ngoe.
Ho lokisa lifaele tsa bat le likhutšoane ho komporo ea Windows
U sebelisa sebali sa Notepad ++, theha lifaele tsa bat (tse hlokahalang ho khouto ea OEM-866 bakeng sa tlhahiso e nepahetseng ea litlhaku tsa Cyrillic):
faele Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - e etselitsoe ho kenya ts'ebetso ea pele ea setšoantšo se entsoeng sa Ubuntu 20.04 khomphuteng e nang le subsystem ea WSL2 e seng e ntse e hlophisitsoe le X seva. Haeba lebitso la mosebelisi le password li fapana le tse boletsoeng mohlaleng, joale o hloka ho etsa liphetoho tse nepahetseng faeleng ena ea bat:
@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause
faele Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - e etselitsoe ho kenya setšoantšo se lokiselitsoeng sa Ubuntu 20.04 khomphuteng.
@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause
faele Set-default-user.bat - ho seta mosebelisi ea kamehla.
@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause
faele Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - ho hlahisoa ha komporo ea KDE Plasma.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
faele Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ho qala terminal ea graphical ntle le komporo ea KDE Plasma.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
Hape bakeng sa boiketlo ba tšebeliso lethathamong la libuka wsl re lokisa likhutšoane tse supang li-bat-file tse tsamaellanang. Ebe litaba tsa directory wsl ke ka tsela e latelang:
E qala KDE Plasma Desktop
Re hlahloba hore mehato eohle ea litokisetso e phethiloe, re leka ho qala tsela e khutšoanyane Plasma-desktop. Ho hlaha kopo ea password, kenya phasewete bakeng sa akhaonto mme ... fensetere e koala. Ho lokile kgetlo la pele. Re leka hape - mme re bona sebaka se tsebahalang sa KDE Plasma. Re etsa ponahalo ea "taskbar" ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, mohlala, molemong oa ts'ebeliso, phanele e isoa ka lehlakoreng le letona la skrineng ebe e tsepamisitsoe. Re hlahloba litlhophiso tsa sebaka sa heno, haeba ho hlokahala, eketsa puo ea Serussia:
Haeba ho hlokahala, re tlisa likhutšoane bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa linux tse kentsoeng sebakeng sa mosebetsi oa KDE Plasma.
Haeba Ubuntu 20.04 e hloka hore u tsoe ka akhaonteng ea hau ea mosebelisi e le hore u sebelise liphetoho ho litlhophiso, kapa u hloka ho qala OS bocha, ho etsa sena, ho Windows Terminal, kenya taelo:
wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown
Ka leibole Plasma-desktop kapa Konsole o ka tsamaisa KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Ka mohlala, kenya le Konsole Mohlophisi oa litšoantšo oa GIMP:
Ka mor'a hore instola e phethoe, matha ho tloha Konsole Mohlophisi oa litšoantšo oa GIMP:
GIMP ea sebetsa, ke seo ke neng ke batla ho se hlahloba.
Mona ke kamoo lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa linux li sebetsang ho KDE Plasma ho WSL2:
sebaka se ikhethileng sa KDE Plasma se ka lehlakoreng le letona la skrini. le video e fensetereng ea Firefox e bapala ka molumo.
Haeba ho hlokahala, o ka lokisa phihlello ea Ubuntu20.04 ka SSH и RDP, bakeng sa sena o hloka ho kenya lits'ebeletso tse nepahetseng ka taelo:
sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y
hlokomela: ho nolofalletsa phihlello ea phasewete ka SSH o hloka ho edita faele /etc/ssh/sshd_config, e leng parameter PasswordAuthentication no e tlameha ho hlophisoa ho PasswordAuthentication yes, boloka liphetoho 'me u qalelle Ubuntu20.04.
Nako le nako ha o qala Ubuntu20.04, aterese ea ka hare ea ip e fetoha, pele o theha phihlello e hole, o hloka ho sheba aterese ea hajoale ea ip o sebelisa taelo. ip a:
Ka hona, aterese ena ea ip e tlameha ho kenngoa litlhophisong tsa seboka SSH и RDP pele o qala.
Sena ke tsela eo phihlello ea remoutu e shebahalang ka eona SSH sebelisa MobaXterm:
'Me sena ke seo mokhoa oa ho kena ka thōko o shebahalang kateng RDP:
Ho sebelisa x seva vcxsrv sebakeng sa x410
Ho qala le ho seta vcxsrv, beha ka hloko li-checkbox tse loketseng:
Ho boloka tlhophiso e hlophisitsoeng bukeng ea buka wslvcxsrv e nang le lebitso le tloaelehileng config.xlaunch.
Ho hlophisa lifaele tsa bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat ho ya ka ditaelo tsa bona.
Ho qala shortcut Plasma-desktop, mme sena ke seo re se fumanang:
KDE Plasma desktop e koala ka botlalo komporo ea Windows, ho chencha lipakeng lifensetere tsa linux le windows lits'ebetso re sebelisa motsoako o tsebahalang oa senotlolo. Alt+Tab, e seng bonolo haholo.
Ho phaella moo, ho ile ha senoloa tšobotsi e sa thabiseng ea seva sa X vcxsrv - e ea senyeha ha e qala lits'ebetso tse ling, haholo GIMP e tšoanang kapa Sengoli sa LibreOffice. Mohlomong re lokela ho ema ho fihlela bahlahisi ba tlosa "litšitšili" tse hlokometsoeng, empa sena ha se na bonnete ... Kahoo, ho fumana liphetho tse amohelehang, ho molemo ho sebelisa X Server Microsoft x410.
fihlela qeto e
Leha ho le joalo, re tlameha ho lefa Microsoft sethabathaba, sehlahisoa sa WSL2 se ile sa sebetsa hantle, 'me ka maikutlo a ka a se nang phihlelo, se atlehile haholo. 'Me ho ea kamoo ke tsebang kateng, bahlahisi ba tsoela pele ho e "phetha" ka matla,' me mohlomong - ka selemo kapa tse peli, tsamaiso ena e tla hlaha ka botlalo bohle ba eona.
Source: www.habr.com