Re ntse re nahana ka ho holisa bokhoni ba System Center Configuration Manager (sehlahisoa sa ho laola lits'ebetso tsa IT) ha o qala li-PC tsa basebelisi marang-rang a sebelisa PXE. Re theha menu ea boot e thehiloeng ho PXELinux e nang le ts'ebetso ea Setsi sa Ts'ebetso mme re eketsa litšoantšo tse thibelang kokoana-hloko, ho hlahloba le ho hlaphoheloa. Qetellong ea sengoloa, re ama likarolo tsa Setsi sa Ts'ebetso ea 2012 Configuration Manager ka kopanelo le Windows Deployment Services (WDS) ha o qala ka PXE.
Re etsa liketso tsohle tikolohong ea liteko e seng e kentsoe System Center 2012 Configuration Manager SP1, domain controller, le metjhini e mengata ea liteko. Ho nahanoa hore SCCM e se e ntse e sebelisa marang-rang ho sebelisa PXE.
ho kena
Tikoloho ea teko e na le metjhini e mengata ea sebele. Mechini eohle e na le Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 (x64) moeti OS e kentsoeng, adaptara ea netweke ea E1000, SCSI Controller: LSI Logic SAS.
Lebitso (Likarolo)
Aterese ea IP / lebitso la DNS
Sebetsa
SCCM (Mookameli oa Litlhophiso tsa Setsi sa Tsamaiso)
192.168.57.102
sccm2012.test.local
Mookameli oa Tlhophiso ea Setsi sa Sistimi e kentsoeng 2012 SP1
DC (AD,DHCP,DNS)
192.168.57.10
dc1.test.local
Karolo ea molaoli oa sebaka, seva sa DHCP le seva sa DNS
TEST (Mochini oa liteko)
192.168.57.103
teko.teko.ya lehae
Bakeng sa liteko
G.W. (Gateway)
192.168.57.1
Ho tsamaisa marang-rang. Karolo ea Gateway
1. Kenya PXELinux ho SCCM
Re etsa liketso mochining moo System Center Configuration Manager e kentsoeng
- A re boneng hore na lifaele tsa WDS li hokae bakeng sa ho khoasolla, bakeng sa sena re sheba ho ngolisoang bakeng sa boleng ba parameter.
RootFolderlekalengHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesWDSServerProvidersWDSTFTP
Boleng ba kamehlaC:RemoteInstall
Lifaele tseo u ka li khoasollang sebakeng sa thomello ea SCCM li fumaneha ho li-directorysmsbootx86иsmsbootx64ho itshetlehile ka moaho.
Taba ea pele, theha directory bakeng sa meralo ea 32-bit, ka boiketsetsoc:Remoteinstallsmsbootx86 - Khoasolla polokelo ea litaba ka tsa morao-rao . Kopitsa ho tloha syslinux-5.01.zip ho
c:Remoteinstallsmsbootx86lifaele tse latelang:
memdisk, chain.c32, ldlinux.c32, libcom32.c32, libutil.c32, pxechn.c32, vesamenu.c32, pxelinux.0
Lifaele tse ling lia hlokahala ho qoba phoso e joalo.
- В
c:Remoteinstallsmsbootx86reha bochapxelinux.0вpxelinux.com
Ka foldarengc:remoteinstallsmsbootx86etsa kopoabortpxe.comle ho e reha lebitso hape hoabortpxe.0
Haeba e se rename ho katoloso.0, joale ka mohlala taeloKernel abortpxe.come tla hloleha ka phoso e latelang: Ho qala kernel ho hlolehile: Nomoro e mpe ea faele
Bakeng sa PXELINUX, katoloso ea faele ea download e lokela ho beoa ho latela poleitinone or other Linux kernel image .0 PXE bootstrap program (NBP) [PXELINUX only] .bin "CD boot sector" [ISOLINUX only] .bs Boot sector [SYSLINUX only] .bss Boot sector, DOS superblock will be patched in [SYSLINUX only] .c32 COM32 image (32-bit COMBOOT) .cbt COMBOOT image (not runnable from DOS) .com COMBOOT image (runnable from DOS) .img Disk image [ISOLINUX only]Source: karolo "Kernel file"
- E le hore u se ke ua tobetsa konopo ea F12 makhetlo a 'maloa ha u kenya SCCM ka menu, fetola lebitso la pxeboot.com ho pxeboot.com.f12, kopitsa pxeboot.n12 ho pxeboot.com
Haeba sena se sa etsoe, joale ha re khetha, re tla fumana molaetsa o joalo nako le nako
Tlhokomeliso: Se ke oa lebala ho reha lifaele tsena hape foldareng ea x64. ha e belehax86wdsnbp.comho tsoa ho foldara ea x86, mojaro o etsa qeto ea meralo ea processor mme faele e latelang e laeloa ho tsoa foldareng e nang le meaho e lumellanang. Kahoo, bakeng sa x64, faele e latelang e ke ke ea e-ba tengx86pxeboot.comlex64pxeboot.com - Khoasolla / theha , qeto ea 640x480, kopitsa foldareng e tšoanang. Etsa sephutheli
ISOmoo re tla beha litšoantšo tsa ISO. Etsa sephuthelipxelinux.cfgbakeng sa configs. - Foldareng ea pxelinux.cfg, theha faele ea kamehla, ka khouto e seng ea unicode, e nang le litaba.
kamehla (Tobetsa ho hlahisa)# используем графическое меню DEFAULT vesamenu.c32 PROMPT 0 timeout 80 TOTALTIMEOUT 9000 MENU TITLE PXE Boot Menu (x86) MENU INCLUDE pxelinux.cfg/graphics.conf MENU AUTOBOOT Starting Local System in 8 seconds # Boot local HDD (default) LABEL bootlocal menu label Boot Local menu default localboot 0x80 # if it doesn't work #kernel chain.c32 #append hd0 # Вход в меню по паролю Qwerty, алгоритм MD5 label av menu label Antivirus and tools menu PASSWD $1$15opgKTx$dP/IaLNiCbfECiC2KPkDC0 kernel vesamenu.c32 append pxelinux.cfgav.conf label sccm menu label Start to SCCM COM32 pxechn.c32 APPEND sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx86wdsnbp.com -W label pxe64 menu label Start to x64 pxelinux COM32 pxechn.c32 APPEND sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx64pxelinux.com LABEL Abort MENU LABEL Exit KERNEL abortpxe.0Ka foldareng
pxelinux.cfgetsa faelegraphics.confka dikahare
graphics.conf (Tobetsa ho hlahisa)MENU MARGIN 10 MENU ROWS 16 MENU TABMSGROW 21 MENU TIMEOUTROW 26 MENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #00000000 #00000000 none MENU COLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #00000000 #00000000 none MENU COLOR TITLE 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none MENU COLOR SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff MENU BACKGROUND background.png NOESCAPE 0 ALLOWOPTIONS 0Ka foldareng
pxelinux.cfgetsa faeleav.confka dikahare
av.conf (Tobetsa ho hlahisa)DEFAULT vesamenu.c32 PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Antivirus and tools MENU INCLUDE pxelinux.cfg/graphics.conf label main menu menu label return to main menu kernel vesamenu.c32 append pxelinux.cfg/default label drweb menu label DrWeb kernel memdisk append iso raw initrd=isodrweb.iso label eset menu label Eset kernel memdisk append iso raw initrd=isoeset_sysrescue.iso label kav menu label KAV Rescue CD KERNEL kav/rescue APPEND initrd=kav/rescue.igz root=live rootfstype=auto vga=791 init=/init kav_lang=ru udev liveimg doscsi nomodeset quiet splash #Загружаем ISO по полному пути, можно загружать с другого TFTP label winpe menu label WinPE from another TFTP kernel sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx86memdisk append iso raw initrd=sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx86isoWinPE_RaSla.iso label clonezilla menu label Clonezilla kernel memdisk append iso raw initrd=isoclonezilla.iso - Ka lebaka leo, c:remoteinstallsmsbootx86 directory e na le sebopeho
c:remoteinstallsmsbootx86
pxelinux.cfgketane.c32
ldlinux.c32
libcom32.c32
libutil.c32
pxechn.c32
vesamenu.c32
pxelinux.com
bokamorao.png
pxelinux.cfg
pxelinux.cfg
pxelinux.cfg
ISO
abortpxe.0
wdsnbp.com
butsoe
wdsmgfw.efi
lenaka.exe
tumella.n12
pxeboot.com
abortpxe.comya kamehla
av.conf
litšoantšo.conf
*.iso - Bakeng sa meralo ea x64, le rona re kopitsa le ho theha sebopeho se ts'oanang foldareng
c:remoteinstallsmsbootx64
Tlatsetso
Ha o sebelisa taelomenu PASSWDphasewete e ka hlophisoa joalo ka ha e le joalo, kapa sebelisa algorithm ea hashing ka ho eketsa signature e lumellanang qalong ea paramethara.Algorithm
SaenaMD5
$1 $SHA-1
$4 $SHA-2-256
$5 $SHA-2-512
$6 $Kahoo bakeng sa password
Qwertyle MD5 algorithmmenu PASSWD $1$15opgKTx$dP/IaLNiCbfECiC2KPkDC0U ka hlahisa phasewete, mohlala, ka jenereithara ea hash ea inthaneteng , mola
MD5(Unix)
2. Hlophisa bootle ea PXELinux
Joale re tla bontša mokhoa oa ho kenya pxelinux.com le ho fumana menu.
Ho hlakisa pxelinux.com bootloader ka ts'ebetso ea WDS ha e sebetse ho SCCM. Sheba Litaelo
wdsutil /set-server /bootprogram:bootx86pxeboot.com /architecture:x86
ha li sebetsoe. U ka netefatsa hore litšoantšo tsa boot ha lia hlophisoa ka ho sebelisa taelo ea tlhahiso ea seva sa WDS
wdsutil /get-server /show:images
Ka hona, ho SCCM 2012, u ke ke ua hlakisa faele ea hau bakeng sa ho jarolla PXE ho mofani oa SMSPXE. Ka hona, re tla hlophisa sebaka se sebetsang sa seva sa DHCP.
Likarolong tsa sebaka se sebetsang sa DHCP, beha litekanyetso ho ea ka poleiti
Khetho ea DHCP
Lebitso la parameter
boleng
066
Lebitso la moamoheli oa seva ea boot
sccm2012.test.local
067
Lebitso la bootfile
smsbootx86pxelinux.com
006
Li-server tsa DNS
192.168.57.10
015
Lebitso la sebaka sa DNS
teko.ya lehae
Ka khetho ea 066 re hlakisa lebitso la FQDN la seva sa sccm, ka khetho ea 067 re totobatsa tsela e eang ho x86 bootloader pxelinux.com ho qala ho tloha motso oa TFTP, ka khetho ea 006 re hlalosa aterese ea IP ea seva sa DNS. Haeba lebitso le khuts'oane la seva le sebelisoa ho khetho ea 066, ka khetho ea 015 re totobatsa sekoti sa DNS sa domain.
Tlatsetso
E hlalositse tlhophiso ea DHCP ka botlalo . Empa ho ea peleDCkhetho ea 150, aterese ea IP ea seva sa TFTP, e ne e le sieo ho litlhophiso tsa DHCP, 'me khetho ea 150 ka netsh ha ea sebetsa.
3. Ho hlahloba mosebetsi
Litlhophiso tsa mantlha li phethiloe 'me u ka qala ho hlahloba. Re bonts'a k'homphieutheng ea teko ho BIOS hore e kentsoe holim'a marang-rang ebe e kenngoa ho menu
Khetha ntho «Start to SCCM» 'me haeba tatellano ea mosebetsi e abeloa k'homphieutha, ka mor'a nakoana fensetere ea "Task Sequence Wizard" e tla hlaha e u susumelletsa hore u kenye phasewete.
Qala hape mochine, khutlela ho menu, khetha ho menu «Antivirus and tools» ebe o kenya phasewete Qwerty
Re khetha ntho e sa reroang ebe re bona ho kengoa ha setšoantšo sa ISO mohopolong
Ho leta le ho bona sephetho
Netefatso e phethiloe
4. Litlhophiso le likarolo tse ling
Tlhophiso ea litsela
Haeba moreki, seva ea DHCP le seva e nang le mochini o tsamaisang marang-rang li le karolong e le 'ngoe ea marang-rang, ha ho tlhophiso e eketsehileng e hlokahalang. Leha ho le joalo, haeba moreki le seva sa DHCP kapa WDS/SCCM seva li fumaneha likarolong tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang, ho khothaletsoa hore u lokise li-routers tsa hau ho fetisetsa lipakete tsa khaso ho tloha ho moreki ho ea ho sebatli se sebetsang sa DHCP le seva se sebetsang sa WDS/SCCM. Lingoliloeng tsa Senyesemane, mokhoa ona o tsejoa e le "IP Helper table updates". Tabeng ena, mofani, ka mor'a ho fumana aterese ea IP, o ikopanya le seva se nang le mochine oa marang-rang ka ho toba ka lipakete tsa DHCP e le hore a ka khoasolla mochine oa marang-rang.
Bakeng sa li-routers tsa Cisco, sebelisa taelo
ip helper-address {ip address}
moo {ip address} Seva ea DHCP kapa aterese ea seva ea WDS/SCCM. Taelo ena e boetse e romela lipakete tse latelang tsa khaso ea UDP
Boema-kepe
Protocol
69
TFTP
53
Domain Name System (DNS)
37
Tšebeletso ea nako
137
NetBIOS Lebitso Server
138
NetBIOS Datagram Server
67
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
49
TACACS
Mokhoa oa bobeli oa hore mofani a fumane tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le mojaro oa marang-rang ka ho toba ho tswa ho seva sa DHCP ke ho hlalosa likhetho tsa 60,66,67 ho seva sa DHCP. Ho sebelisa DHCP kgetho 60 ka boleng «PXEClient» ho likarolo tsohle tsa DHCP, hafeela seva sa DHCP se ts'oaroa ho seva se le seng le Windows Deployment Services. Tabeng ena, mofani o buisana ka ho toba le seva sa Windows Deployment Services a sebelisa TFTP ho UDP port 4011 ho e-na le ho sebelisa DHCP. Mokhoa ona ha oa khothaletsoa ke Microsoft ka lebaka la mathata a ho leka-lekanya mojaro, ho sebetsana ka nepo ha likhetho tsa DHCP le likhetho tsa likarabo tsa Windows Deployment Services ka lehlakoreng la bareki. Hape hobane ho sebelisa likhetho tse peli feela tsa DHCP 66 le 67 ho u lumella ho feta litekanyo tse behiloeng ho seva sa boot sa marang-rang.
U boetse u hloka ho bula likou tse latelang tsa UDP ho seva sa Windows Deployment Services
boema-kepe ba 67 (DHCP)
port 69 (TFTP)
port 4011 (PXE)
le port 68 haeba tumello ea DHCP e hlokahala ho seva.
Ka botlalo, ts'ebetso ea tlhophiso le li-nuances tsa ho tsamaisa hape lipakeng tsa li-server tse fapaneng tsa WDS li hlalositsoe ka tlase mehloling:
Tsamaiso ea "network boot program".
Tsamaiso ea Seva
Litšebeletso tsa Tšehetso ea Sehlahisoa sa Microsoft (PSS) meeli ea tšehetso bakeng sa ho qala marang-rang Microsoft Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) 2.0
Mokhoa oa ho fetisa phatlalatso ea UDP (BOOTP / DHCP) ho Cisco
Likarolo tsa ts'ebetso le tlhophiso ea DHCP ho li-routers tsa Cisco (Karolo ea 2)
Likhetho tse ling bakeng sa download ea lehae
Sebakeng sa teko, taelo
localboot 0 e fana ka phoso e joalo
E latela ho tsoa litokomaneng tsa syslinux hore neng
localboot 0loading e tla tloha ho disk ea lehae. 'Me ha u totobatsa boleng bo itseng ba 0x00 ho tloha ho disk ea floppy ea mantlha (ea mantlha), ha u hlalosa 0x80 ho tloha ho hard disk ea mantlha (ea mantlha). Ka ho fetola taelo ea ho
localboot 0x80 OS ea lehae e kentse.
Haeba ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho qalisa ho tswa ho disk e itseng, karohano kapa taelo localboot ha e sebetse, joale o ka sebelisa bokhoni ba mojule chain.c32. Ka mor'a ho e kenya, sebelisa taelo ea append ho hlakisa disk e itseng kapa karohano ea disk, palo ea disk e qala ho tloha ho 0, palo ea likarolo e qala ho tloha ho 1. haeba karohano ea 0 e hlalositsoe, MBR e tla kenngoa. Ha o hlalosa disk, karohano e ka tlosoa.
KERNEL chain.c32
APPEND hd0 0kapa
KERNEL chain.c32
APPEND hd0
Lisebelisoa:
Odara le tlhaloso ea ho khoasolla lifaele ka PXE
Joalokaha ho boletsoe qalong ea sengoloa, bukana eo lifaele tsa WDS li fumanehang ho eona bakeng sa ho jarolleloa e fumaneha ka boleng ba paramente. RootFolder lekaleng la ngoliso HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesWDSServerProvidersWDSTFTP
Boleng ba kamehla C:RemoteInstall
Mona ke parameter ReadFilter li-directory li hlalositsoe moo seva ea TFTP e batlang lifaele tse ka khoasoang, ho qala ho tloha motsong. Ha SCCM 2012 SP1 e kentsoe, tlhophiso ena e
boot*
tmp*
SMSBoot*
SMSTemp*
SMSImages*
Haeba u fetola boleng ba parameter ho * ebe lifaele tsohle tse fumanehang ka har'a bukana li tla sebetsoa RemoteInstall.
Karolo ea sebaka sa phano ea SCCM 2012 e hlalositsoe ho boleng ba ngoliso ProvidersOrdere fumanehang lekaleng HKLMSystemCurrentControlSetWDSServerProvidersWDSPXE
Parameter ProvidersOrder e ka nka litekanyetso
SMSPXE
Sebaka sa ts'ebeletso sa PXE ho SCCM
SMS.PXE.Sefe
PXE script handler ho tsoa MDT (Microsoft Deployment Toolkit)
BINLSVC
Enjene e tloaelehileng ea WDS le RIS
Ha SCCM e kentsoe, parameter ProvidersOrder ditaba SMSPXE. Ka ho fetola parameter, o ka fetola tatellano eo bafani ba fanang ka eona.
Lenaneng RemoteInstall lifaele tse latelang tse tloaelehileng li teng
wdsnbp.com
Lenaneo la boot la marang-rang le etselitsoeng Windows Deployment Services le etsang mesebetsi e latelang:
1. Ho lemoha ha Meaho.
2. Tlhokomelo ea lik'homphieutha tse emetseng. Ha pholisi ea ho eketsa ka boits'oaro e lumelletsoe, lenaneo lena la ho qalisa marang-rang le romelloa ho lik'homphieutha tse emetseng ho emisa ho qala marang-rang le ho tsebisa seva ka meralo ea k'homphieutha ea bareki.
3. Ho sebelisa lihokelo tsa boot boot (ho kenyeletsoa ho sebelisa likhetho tsa DHCP 66 le 67)
PXEboot.com
(Default) E hloka hore mosebelisi a tobetse konopo ea F12 ho ntšetsa pele bootlamo ea marang-rang
PXEboot.n12
Ha e hloke hore mosebelisi a tobetse konopo ea F12 mme a qale ho qala marang-rang hang-hang
AbortPXE.com
Bootsa komporo u sebelisa ntho e latelang ea boot ho BIOS ntle le ho ema
bootmgr.exe
Windows Boot Manager (Bootmgr.exe kapa Bootmgr.efi). E kenya bootloader ea Windows e sebelisa firmware ho tloha karohanong e itseng ea disk kapa holim'a khokahano ea marang-rang (tabeng ea netweke boot)
Bootmgfw.efi
Phetolelo ea EFI ea PXEboot.com le PXEboot.n12 (ho EFI, khetho ea ho qala kapa ho se qale PXE e ka har'a khetla ea EFI, eseng lenaneo la boot la netweke). Bootmgfw.efi e kopanya bokhoni ba PXEboot.com, PXEboot.n12, abortpxe.com, le bootmgr.exe. Hajoale e fumaneha feela bakeng sa meralo ea x64 le Itanium.
Ea kamehla.bcd
Boot Configuration Data Store (BCD), sebopeho sa REGF, se ka kenngoa ho REGEDIT, sa nka sebaka sa faele ea mongolo oa Boot.ini.
Loading e etsahala ka tatellano e latelang joalokaha e hlalositsoe ka holimo
1. Khoasolla wdsnbp.com.
2. Ka mor'a moo, pxeboot.com ea mohaho o loketseng o laetsoe
3. PXEBoot.com e khoasolla bootmgr.exe le polokelo ea data ea tlhophiso ea BCD boot.
4. Bootmgr.exe e bala likenyo tsa sistimi ea ts'ebetso ea bootmgr.exe ea BCD ebe e laela faele ea Boot.sdi le setšoantšo sa Windows PE (boot.wim)
5. Bootmgr.exe e qala ho kenya Windows PE ka ho kena Winload.exe setšoantšong sa Windows PE
Haeba ka RemoteInstall ho na le li-folders
Boot
Images
Mgmt
Templates
Tmp
WdsClientUnattend ho ba teng ha bona ho bolela hore pele o eketsa karolo ea karolo ea kabo ho SCCM 2012 (lintlha tsa lits'ebeletso tsa PXE ho SCCM 2007), ho bile le ketso e itseng ea tlhophiso ho Windows Deployment Services (WDS) e kentsoeng e iketselitseng lifoldara tsena.
Bakeng sa karolo ea ntlha ea kabo (sebaka sa ts'ebeletso sa PXE ho SCCM 2007), ke lifoldara tse latelang feela tse lekaneng
SMSBoot
SMSIMAGES
SMSTemp
StoresSena ha se bolele hore SCCM e kentsoe ka phoso, empa e ka supa mohloli oa liphoso.
Tharollo ea mathata a fapaneng a WDS, SCCM le PXE e tšohloa ka botlalo sengolong.
Phello
Lisebelisoa tsa IT tse laoloang ke System Center Configuration Manager li kentse sesebelisoa se secha bakeng sa batsamaisi ba tsamaiso ea masimo.
Lenane la likhokahano tsa litšoantšo tsa ISO (Tobetsa ho bonts'a)
Kea le leboha ka tlhokomelo ea hau!
Source: www.habr.com