Lumelang bohle. Bosiung ba ho qala ha sehlopha se secha sa thupelo Re phatlalatsa litaba tse molemo tse ngotsoeng ke moithuti oa rona, hammoho le moeletsi oa thuto, setsebi sa tšehetso ea tekheniki bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa khamphani tsa REG.RU - Roman Travin.
Sengoliloeng sena se tla sheba linyeoe tse 2 tsa ho khutlisa li-disk le ho fetisetsa tlhahisoleseling ho li-disk tse ncha tsa matla a maholo ka ho atolosoa ho hoholo ha li-array le sistimi ea faele. Taba ea pele e tla ama ho nkeloa sebaka ha li-disk tse nang le MBR/MBR kapa GPT/GPT partitioning, ea bobeli e mabapi le ho nkeloa sebaka ha li-disk tse nang le MBR partitioning le li-disk tse nang le matla a fetang 2 TB, moo o tla hloka ho kenya. karohano ea GPT e nang le karohano ea biosboot. Maemong ana ka bobeli, li-disks tseo re fetisetsang data ho tsona li se li kentsoe ho seva. Sistimi ea faele e sebelisoang bakeng sa karohano ea metso ke ext4.
Taba ea 1: Ho fetola li-disk tse nyane ka li-disk tse kholoanyane (ho fihla ho 2TB)
Mosebetsi: Tlosa li-disk tsa hona joale ka li-disk tse kholoanyane (ho fihlela ho 2 TB) ka ho fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding. Tabeng ena, re na le li-disk tsa 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) tse nang le tsamaiso e kentsoeng le li-disk tsa 2 x 1 TB SATA tseo tsamaiso e lokelang ho fetisetsoa ho tsona.
Ha re shebeng sebopeho sa disk sa hajoale.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Ha re hlahlobeng sebaka sa sistimi ea faele se sebelisoang hajoale.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Boholo ba sistimi ea faele pele ho khutlisa li-disk ke 204 GB, ho sebelisoa li-software tsa 2 md126, tse kentsoeng kahare. /boot и md127, e sebelisoang e le bophahamo ba modumo bakeng sa sehlopha sa VG vg0.
1. Ho tlosa likarolo tsa disk ho tsoa ho lihlopha
Ho hlahloba boemo ba sehlopha
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Sistimi e sebelisa likarolo tse 2: md126 (sebaka sa thaba /boot) - e na le karolo /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM bakeng sa ka mpha le motso oa tsamaiso ea faele) - e na le /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Re tšoaea likarolo tsa disk ea pele tse sebelisoang sehlopheng ka seng e le tse mpe.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Re tlosa likaroloana tsa sesebelisoa sa / dev/sda ho tsoa ho lihlopha.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Ka mor'a hore re tlose disk ho tswa ho sehlopha, tlhahisoleseding ea sesebelisoa sa thibela e tla shebahala tjena.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Boemo ba li-arrays ka mor'a ho tlosa li-disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Kopitsa tafole ea karohano ho disk e ncha
U ka sheba tafole ea karohano e sebelisitsoeng ho disk ka taelo e latelang.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Sephetho sa MBR e tla ba:
Disk label type: dosbakeng sa GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Ho kopitsa tafole ea karohano bakeng sa MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcSehlopheng sena pele disk e bontšitsoe с e leng markup e kopitsoe, ea bobeli - moo kopitsa.
HO NAHANA: Bakeng sa GPT pele disk e bontšitsoe holim'a eona kopo ea kopo, ea bobeli disk e bontša disk ho tloha ho eng kopi ea kopo. Haeba u kopanya li-disks, karohano e ntle ea pele e tla ngoloa ebe e senngoa.
Ho kopitsa tafole ea sebopeho bakeng sa GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbE latelang, fana ka UUID e sa reroang ho disk (bakeng sa GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Ka mor'a hore taelo e phethoe, likaroloana li lokela ho hlaha ho disk /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Haeba, ka mor'a hore ketso e etsoe, likaroloana tsa tsamaiso ho disk /dev/sdc re sa etsa qeto, ebe re phethahatsa taelo ea ho bala hape tafole ea karohano.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcHaeba li-disk tsa hona joale li sebelisa tafole ea MBR 'me boitsebiso bo hloka ho fetisetsoa ho li-disk tse kholo ho feta 2 TB, joale ho li-disk tse ncha u tla hloka ho iketsetsa karohano ea GPT u sebelisa karohano ea biosboot. Taba ena e tla tšohloa Karolong ea 2 ea sehlooho sena.
3. Ho eketsa likarolo tsa disk e ncha ho sehlopha
Ha re kenye likarolo tsa disk ho lihlopha tse lumellanang.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Re hlahloba hore na likarolo li ekelitsoe.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Ka mor'a sena, re emela hore li-arrays li lumellane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
U ka lula u lekola ts'ebetso ea ho hokahanya u sebelisa sesebelisoa watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
Parameter -n e hlalosa hore na ke ka nako efe ka metsotsoana taelo e tlamehang ho etsoa ho hlahloba tsoelo-pele.
Pheta mehato ea 1 - 3 bakeng sa disk e ncha e latelang.
Re tšoaea likarolo tsa disk ea bobeli tse sebelisoang sehlopheng ka seng e le tse mpe.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ho tlosa li-partitions tsa sesebelisoa /dev/sdb ho tloha ka lihlopha.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Ka mor'a hore re tlose disk ho tswa ho sehlopha, tlhahisoleseding ea sesebelisoa sa thibela e tla shebahala tjena.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Boemo ba li-arrays ka mor'a ho tlosa li-disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Ho kopitsa tafole ea karohano ea MBR ho disk /dev/sdс ho disk /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Ka mor'a hore taelo e phethoe, likaroloana li lokela ho hlaha ho disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Ho eketsa likarolo tsa disk ho li-arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Re hlahloba hore na likarolo li ekelitsoe.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ka mor'a sena, re emela hore li-arrays li lumellane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Ho kenya GRUB ho li-drive tse ncha
Bakeng sa CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXKa Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
moo X — lengolo la sesebelisoa sa block. Tabeng ena, o hloka ho kenya GRUB ho /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Katoloso ea sistimi ea faele (ext4) ea karohano ea motso
Ho li-disk tse ncha /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB e fumaneha. Ka lebaka la hore tafole ea karohano e kopitsoe ho tsoa ho li-disk tse nyane, li-partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB e fumaneha.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Hoa hlokahala:
- Eketsa karolo ea 2 ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-disks,
- Eketsa sehlopha sa md127,
- Eketsa PV (bophahamo ba 'mele),
- Eketsa LV (bolumo e utloahalang) vg0-root,
- Eketsa sistimi ea faele.
Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa arotsoe ha re atoloseng karolo /dev/sdc2 ho fihlela boleng bo phahameng. Phetha taelo parted /dev/sdc (1) 'me u shebe tafole ea hona joale ea karohano ka taelo p (2).
Joalokaha u bona, pheletso ea karohano ea 2 e fella ho 240 GB. Ha re atoloseng karohano ka taelo resizepart 2, moo 2 e leng palo ea karolo (3). Re bonts'a boleng ka mokhoa oa dijithale, mohlala 1000 GB, kapa sebelisa pontšo ea karolo ea disk - 100%. Re hlahloba hape hore karohano e na le boholo bo bocha (4).
Pheta mehato e ka holimo bakeng sa disk /dev/sdd. Ka mor'a ho atolosa partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 e ile ea lekana le 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ka mor'a moo, re eketsa sebaka Md127 ho isa boemong bo phahameng.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxRe hlahloba hore na sehlopha se atolohile. Hona joale boholo ba eona bo fetohile 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ho eketsa katoloso bophahamo ba modumo. Pele re atoloha, a re hlahlobeng boemo ba hajoale ba PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Joalokaha u ka bona, PV /dev/md127 e sebelisa 222.4 GB ea sebaka.
Re holisa PV ka taelo e latelang.
pvresize /dev/md127Ho hlahloba sephetho sa katoloso ea PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Ho atolosa molumo o utloahalang. Pele re atoloha, ha re hlahlobeng boemo ba hajoale ba LV (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root e sebelisa 206.41 GB.
Re atolosa LV ka taelo e latelang (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootRe hlahloba ketso e phethiloeng (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Joalokaha u ka bona, ka mor'a ho atolosa LV, palo ea sebaka sa disk se tšoaretsoeng se ile sa fetoha 914.39 GB.
Bophahamo ba LV bo eketsehile (4), empa sistimi ea faele e ntse e nka 204 GB (5).
1. Ha re atoloseng sistimi ea faele.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootKa mor'a hore taelo e phethoe, re hlahloba boholo ba tsamaiso ea faele.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Boholo ba sistimi ea faele ea motso bo tla nyolohela ho 900 GB. Kamora ho qeta mehato, o ka tlosa li-disk tsa khale.
Taba ea 2: Ho fetola li-disk tse nyane ka li-disk tse kholo (ho feta 2TB)
Mosebetsi: Tlosa li-disk tsa hona joale ka li-disk tse kholoanyane (2 x 3TB) ha u ntse u boloka boitsebiso. Tabeng ena, re na le li-disk tsa 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) tse nang le tsamaiso e kentsoeng le li-disk tsa 2 x 3 TB SATA tseo tsamaiso e lokelang ho fetisetsoa ho tsona. Li-disk tsa hajoale li sebelisa tafole ea karohano ea MBR. Kaha li-disk tse ncha li na le matla a fetang 2 TB, li tla hloka ho sebelisa tafole ea GPT, kaha MBR e ke ke ea sebetsa ka li-disk tse kholo ho feta 2 TB.
Ha re shebeng sebopeho sa disk sa hajoale.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Ha re hlahlobeng tafole ea karohano e sebelisitsoeng ho disk /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Ho disk /dev/sdb ho sebelisoa tafole e tšoanang ea karohano. Ha re hlahlobeng sebaka sa disk se sebelisitsoeng ho sistimi.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Joalokaha u ka bona, motso oa tsamaiso ea faele o nka 204 GB. Ha re hlahlobeng boemo ba hajoale ba software RAID array.
1. Ho kenya tafole ea likarolo tsa GPT le disk partitioning
A re hlahlobeng sebopeho sa disk ka sector.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Ho disk e ncha ea 3TB re tla hloka ho theha likarolo tse 3:
- Karolo
bios_grubBoholo ba 2MiB bakeng sa khokahano ea GPT BIOS, - Karohano ea sehlopha sa RAID se tla kenngoa
/boot. - Karohano ea RAID array eo ho tla ba le eona Motso oa LV и Phetoho ea LV.
Ho kenya lisebelisoa arotsoe sehlopha yum install -y parted (bakeng sa CentOS), apt install -y parted (bakeng sa Debian/Ubuntu).
Ho sebelisa arotsoe Ha re sebeliseng litaelo tse latelang ho arola disk.
Phetha taelo parted /dev/sdc ebe u ea ho mokhoa oa ho hlophisa disk.
Theha tafole ea karohano ea GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Etsa karolo e le 1 bios_grub karolo le ho e beha folakha bakeng sa eona.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Theha karolo ea 2 'me u e behe folakha bakeng sa eona. Karohano e tla sebelisoa e le block bakeng sa sehlopha sa RAID mme e kenngoe ho eona /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onRe theha karolo ea 3rd, e tla sebelisoa hape e le sebaka sa marang-rang moo LVM e tla ba teng.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Tabeng ena, ha ho hlokahale ho beha folakha, empa haeba ho hlokahala, e ka behoa ka taelo e latelang.
(parted) set 3 raid onRe hlahloba tafole e entsoeng.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Re fana ka GUID e ncha e sa reroang ho disk.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Ho tlosa likarolo tsa disk ea pele ho tloha ho lihlopha
Ho hlahloba boemo ba sehlopha
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Sistimi e sebelisa 2 arrays: md126 (mount point / boot) - e na le /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM bakeng sa swap le motso oa tsamaiso ea faele) - e na le /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Re tšoaea likarolo tsa disk ea pele tse sebelisoang sehlopheng ka seng e le tse mpe.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Ho tlosa li-partitions tsa sesebelisoa /dev/sda ho tloha ka lihlopha.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Ho hlahloba boemo ba sehlopha ka mor'a ho tlosa disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Ho eketsa likarolo tsa disk e ncha ho sehlopha
Mohato o latelang ke ho eketsa likarolo tsa disk e ncha ho lihlopha tsa ho hokahanya. Ha re shebeng boemo ba hajoale ba sebopeho sa disk.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Karolo /dev/sdc1 ho bios_grub karolo mme ha e amehe ho thehoeng ha li-arrays. Lisebelisoa li tla sebelisoa feela /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Re eketsa likarolo tsena ho lihlopha tse lumellanang.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Ebe re emela hore sehlopha se lumellane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Disk partitioning ka mor'a ho eketsa li-partitions ho sehlopha.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Ho tlosa likarolo tsa disk ea bobeli ho tloha ho lihlopha
Re tšoaea likarolo tsa disk ea bobeli tse sebelisoang sehlopheng ka seng e le tse mpe.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Ho tlosa li-partitions tsa sesebelisoa /dev/sda ho tloha ka lihlopha.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Kopitsa tafole ea tlhophiso ea GPT ebe o amahanya lethathamo
Ho kopitsa tafole ea markup ea GPT re tla sebelisa sesebelisoa sgdisk, e kenyellelitsoeng ka har'a sephutheloana sa ho sebetsa ka likarolo tsa disk le tafole ea GPT - gdisk.
bophirima gdisk bakeng sa CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
bophirima gdisk bakeng sa Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskHO NAHANA: Bakeng sa GPT pele disk e bontšitsoe holim'a eona kopitsa setšoantšo, ea bobeli disk e bontša disk ho tloha ho eng kopitsa setšoantšo. Haeba u kopanya li-disks, karohano e ntle ea pele e tla ngoloa ebe e senngoa.
Kopitsa tafole ea matšoao ea GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Disk partitioning ka mor'a ho fetisetsa tafole ho disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Ka mor'a moo, re kenyelletsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likarolo tse kenyang letsoho lenaneong la RAID la software.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Re emetse hore li-array li lumellane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Kamora ho kopitsa karohano ea GPT ho disk ea bobeli e ncha, karohano e tla shebahala tjena.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]E latelang, kenya GRUB ho li-disk tse ncha.
Ho kenya CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXHo kenya Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
moo X - lengolo la koloi, molemong oa rona li-drive /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Re ntlafatsa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le sehlopha.
Bakeng sa CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confKa Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Ho nchafatsa setšoantšo initrd:
Bakeng sa CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allKa Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allRe ntlafatsa tlhophiso ea GRUB.
Bakeng sa CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Ka Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubKa mor'a ho qeta mehato, li-disk tsa khale li ka tlosoa.
6. Katoloso ea sistimi ea faele (ext4) ea karohano ea motso
Disk partitioning pele tsamaiso ea faele e atolosoa ka mor'a ho fallela tsamaiso ho 2 x 3TB disks (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Joale likarolo /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 tšoara 2.7 TB. Kaha re thehile sebopeho se secha sa disk ka tafole ea GPT, boholo ba karohano ea 3 bo ile ba beoa hang-hang sebakeng se phahameng sa disk se ka khonehang; tabeng ena, ha ho hlokahale ho atolosa karohano.
Hoa hlokahala:
- Eketsa sehlopha sa md126,
- Eketsa PV (bophahamo ba 'mele),
- Eketsa LV (bolumo e utloahalang) vg0-root,
- Eketsa sistimi ea faele.
1. Eketsa lethathamo md126 ho isa boemong bo phahameng.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Ka mor'a ho atolosoa ha li-array md126 boholo ba sebaka se hapiloeng se eketsehile ho fihla ho 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Ho atolosa bophahamo ba modumo.
Pele o hola, lekola boleng ba hajoale ba sebaka se hapiloeng PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Re holisa PV ka taelo e latelang.
pvresize /dev/md126
Re hlahloba ts'ebetso e phethiloeng.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tHo atolosa molumo o utloahalang oa vg0-root.
Kamora ho holisa PV, a re hlahlobeng sebaka se hapiloeng sa VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tHa re hlahlobeng sebaka se tšoaretsoeng ke LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Molumo oa motso oa vg0 o nka 206.41 GB.
Re atolosa LV ho ea sebakeng se phahameng sa disk.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Ho hlahloba sebaka sa LV ka mor'a ho atolosoa.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gHo holisa sistimi ea faele (ext4).
Ha re hlahlobeng boholo ba hajoale ba sistimi ea faele.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Molumo /dev/mapper/vg0-root o nka 204 GB ka mor'a ho atolosoa ha LV.
Ho eketsa sistimi ea faele.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Ho hlahloba boholo ba tsamaiso ea faele ka mor'a ho e atolosa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Boholo ba sistimi ea faele bo ekelitsoe ho koahela molumo kaofela.
Source: www.habr.com