🥇Kenyelletso ea sistimi ea backup ea wal-g PostgreSQL

WAL-G ke sesebelisoa se bonolo le se sebetsang sa ho boloka PostgreSQL marung. Mabapi le ts'ebetso ea eona e ka sehloohong, ke mojalefa oa sesebelisoa se tsebahalang WAL-E, empa e ngotsoe bocha ho Go. Empa ho na le karolo e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e ncha ho WAL-G - likopi tsa delta. likopi tsa delta WAL-G boloka maqephe a lifaele tse fetotsoeng ho tloha ho mofuta o fetileng oa bekapo. WAL-G e sebelisa mahlale a mangata haholo bakeng sa li-backups tse tšoanang. WAL-G e potlakile ho feta WAL-E.

Lintlha tsa hore na wal-g e sebetsa joang li ka fumanoa sehloohong sena: Re overclock bekapo. Puo ea Yandex

Protocol ea polokelo ea S3 e se e tumme bakeng sa ho boloka data. E 'ngoe ea melemo ea S3 ke bokhoni ba ho fihlella ka API, e leng se u lumellang hore u hlophise tšebelisano e bonolo le polokelo, ho kenyelletsa le phihlello ea ho bala sechaba, ha ho ntlafatsa tlhahisoleseling polokelong ho etsahala feela ke batho ba lumelletsoeng.

Ho na le lits'ebetso tse 'maloa tsa polokelo ea sechaba le ea poraefete tse sebelisang protocol ea S3. Kajeno re tla sheba tharollo e tsebahalang ea ho hlophisa polokelo e nyane - Minio.

Seva e le 'ngoe ea PostgreSQL e nepahetse bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea wal-g,' me Minio e sebelisoa e le sebaka sa S3.

Seva ea Minio

Ho kenya Minio

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y lkiesow/minio
yum install -y minio

Fetola AccessKey le SecretKey ho /etc/minio/minio.conf

vi /etc/minio/minio.conf

Haeba u ke ke ua sebelisa nginx pele ho Minio, joale u lokela ho fetoha

--address 127.0.0.1:9000

--address 0.0.0.0:9000

Ho qala Minio

systemctl start minio

Eya ho Minio web interface http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 le ho theha bakete (mohlala, li-backups tsa pg).

DB seva

WAL-G ka rpm e bokelloa ke 'na (Anton Patsev). Github, Fedora CPR.

Ke mang ea se nang sistimi e thehiloeng ho RPM, sebelisa ofisiri ditaelo ka ho kenya.

Hammoho le binary ea wal-g, rpm e na le mangolo a kenyang mefuta e fapaneng ho tsoa faeleng ea /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf.

backup-fetch.sh
backup-list.sh
backup-push.sh
wal-fetch.sh
wal-g-run.sh
wal-push.sh

Kenya walg.

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y antonpatsev/wal-g
yum install -y wal-g

Ho hlahloba mofuta oa wal-g.

wal-g --version
wal-g version v0.2.14

Fetola /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf ho latela litlhoko tsa hau.

Lifaele tsa tlhophiso le lifaele tsa data tse sebelisoang ke sehlopha sa database li bolokoa ka tloaelo bukeng ea data ea cluster, eo hangata e bitsoang PGDATA

#!/bin/bash

export PG_VER="9.6"

export WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3://pg-backups" # бакет, который мы создали в S3
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxxx" # AccessKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf 
export AWS_ENDPOINT="http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000"
export AWS_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE="true"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="yyyy" # SecretKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf

export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/$PG_VER/data/
export PGHOST=/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 # Сокет для подключения к PostgreSQL

export WALG_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для закачки 
export WALG_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для скачивания
export WALG_UPLOAD_DISK_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков на диске для закачки
export WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS=7
export WALG_COMPRESSION_METHOD=brotli # Какой метод сжатия использовать.

Ha o lokisa WAL-G, o hlakisa WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS - palo ea mehato eo bekapo ea delta e leng boholo ho tloha ho backup ea mantlha, 'me u hlakise leano la kopi ea delta. Mohlomong u etsa kopi ho tsoa sebakeng sa ho qetela se teng, kapa u etsa delta ho tsoa ho backup e felletseng ea mantlha. Sena sea hlokahala haeba karolo e tšoanang ea database e lula e fetoha ho database ea hau, data e tšoanang e lula e fetoha.

Ho kenya database.

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.
noarch.rpm
yum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server mc

Re qala database.

/usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

Haeba u leka ho 1 seva, joale u hloka ho lokisa parameter ea wal_level ho boloka PostgreSQL ka tlase ho mofuta oa 10, le replica bakeng sa PostgreSQL version 10 le ho feta.

wal_level = archive

Ha re bolokeng li-archives tsa WAL metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 60 re sebelisa PostgreSQL ka boeona. Ho prod, o tla ba le boleng bo fapaneng ba archive_timeout.

archive_mode = on
archive_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-push.sh %p'
archive_timeout = 60 # Каждые 60 секунд будет выполнятся команда archive_command.

Ho qala PostgreSQL

systemctl start postgresql-9.6

Ka khomphutha e arohaneng, re sheba lits'oants'o tsa PostgreSQL bakeng sa liphoso: (fetola postgresql-Wed.log ho ea hajoale).

tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Ha re ee ho psql.

su - postgres
psql

Theha database ho psql

Theha tafole ho database test1.

create database test1;

Fetolela tekong ea database.

postgres=# c test1;

Re theha tafole indexing_table.

test1=# CREATE TABLE indexing_table(created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW());

Ho eketsa data.

Re qala ho kenya data. Re emetse metsotso ea 10-20.

#!/bin/bash
# postgres
while true; do
psql -U postgres -d test1 -c "INSERT INTO indexing_table(created_at) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);"
sleep 60;
done

Etsa bonnete ba hore o etsa backup e felletseng.

su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-push.sh

Re sheba lirekoto tse tafoleng ho test database1

select * from indexing_table;
2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+
2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+
2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+
2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+
2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+
2020-01-29 09:46:25.412327+
2020-01-29 09:47:25.432564+
2020-01-29 09:48:25.451985+
2020-01-29 09:49:25.472653+
2020-01-29 09:50:25.491974+
2020-01-29 09:51:25.510178+

Khoele ke nako ea hona joale.

Sheba lenane la li-backups tse felletseng

/usr/local/bin/backup-list.sh

Teko ea ho hlaphoheloa

Ho hlaphoheloa ka botlalo ka ho tsamaisa WAL eohle e fumanehang.

Emisa Postgresql.

Hlakola ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data foldareng.

Matha sengoloa sa /usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh joalo ka mosebelisi oa postgres.

su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh

E phethiloe.

Kenya recovery.conf ho foldara ea /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data e nang le litaba tse latelang.

restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'

Re qala PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL e tla qala ts'ebetso ea ho hlaphoheloa ho tsoa ho li-WAL tse bolokiloeng, 'me ke ka nako eo feela database e tla buloa.

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Ho hlaphoheloa ka nako e itseng.

Haeba re batla ho tsosolosa database ho fihlela motsotso o itseng, joale re eketsa recovery_target_time parameter ho recovery.conf - re bontša hore na ke nako efe ea ho tsosolosa database.

restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'
recovery_target_time = '2020-01-29 09:46:25'

Kamora ho hlaphoheloa, sheba tafole indexing_table

 2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+00
 2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+00
 2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+00
 2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+00
 2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+00

Re qala PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL e tla qala ts'ebetso ea ho hlaphoheloa ho tsoa ho li-WAL tse bolokiloeng, 'me ke ka nako eo feela database e tla buloa.

systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log

Teko

Ho hlahisa database ea 1GB joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe mona https://gist.github.com/ololobus/5b25c432f208d7eb31051a5f238dffff

Ho kopa boholo ba bakete ka mor'a ho hlahisa 1GB ea data.

postgres=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('test1'));
pg_size_pretty
----------------
1003 MB

s4cmd — бесплатный инструмент командной строки для работы с данными, расположенными в хранилище Amazon S3. Утилита написана на языке программирования python, и благодаря этому может использоваться в операционных системах и Windowsle Linux.

Ho kenya s4cmd

pip install s4cmd

LZ4

s4cmd --endpoint-url=http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 --access-key=xxxx --secret-key=yyyy du -r s3://pg-backups
840540822       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
840 МБ в формате lz4 только WAL логов

Полный бекап с lz4 - 1GB данных
time backup_push.sh
real 0m18.582s

Размер S3 бакета после полного бекапа

581480085       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
842374424   s3://pg-backups/wal_005
581 МБ занимает полный бекап

LZMA

После генерации 1ГБ данных
338413694       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
338 мб логов в формате lzma

Время генерации полного бекапа
time backup_push.sh
real    5m25.054s

Размер бакета в S3
270310495       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
433485092   s3://pg-backups/wal_005/

270 мб занимает полный бекап в формате lzma

Brotli

После генерации 1ГБ данных
459229886       s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
459 мб логов в формате brotli

Время генерации полного бекапа
real    0m23.408s

Размер бакета в S3
312960942       s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
459309262   s3://pg-backups/wal_005/

312 мб занимает полный бекап в формате brotli

Papiso ea liphetho chateng.