Ho manolla lekunutu la lilemo tse 140 ho fisiks

Phetolelo ea sengoloa ke bangoli ba tsoang ho IBM Research.

Katleho ea bohlokoa ho fisiks e tla re lumella ho ithuta litšobotsi tsa 'mele tsa li-semiconductors ka botlalo. Sena se ka thusa ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea semiconductor ea moloko o latelang.

Bangoli:
Oki Gunawan - Setho sa Basebetsi, Lipatlisiso tsa IBM
Doug Bishop - Moenjiniere oa Litšobotsi, Lipatlisiso tsa IBM

Li-semiconductors ke litšiea tsa motheo tsa mehla ea kajeno ea elektronike, e re fang mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse molemo bophelong ba rona ba sejoale-joale, joalo ka likhomphutha, li-smartphone le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa thekeng. Ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea semiconductor le ts'ebetso e boetse e nolofalletsa lits'ebetso tsa semiconductor tsa moloko o latelang ho khomphutha, ho utloa le ho fetolela matla. Bafuputsi ke khale ba sokola ho hlola mefokolo ea bokhoni ba rona ba ho utloisisa ka botlalo litefiso tsa elektroniki ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa semiconductor tse re sitisang ho hatela pele.

Thutong e ncha koranteng Nature Tšebelisano ea lipatlisiso e etelletsoeng pele ke IBM Research e hlalosa katleho e thabisang ea ho rarolla sephiri sa lilemo tse 140 ho fisiks, se tla re lumella ho ithuta litšobotsi tsa 'mele tsa li-semiconductors ka botlalo le ho thusa ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa tse ncha le tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa semiconductor.

Ho utloisisa ka 'nete fisiks ea li-semiconductors, re tlameha ho qala ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa bajari ba litefiso ka har'a lisebelisoa, hore na ke likaroloana tse mpe kapa tse ntle, lebelo la tsona sebakeng sa motlakase o sebelisitsoeng, le hore na li tletse hakae ka har'a thepa. Setsebi sa fisiks Edwin Hall se ile sa fumana mokhoa oa ho tseba lintho tsena ka 1879 ha a fumana hore matla a khoheli a tla khelosa motsamao oa litefiso tsa elektrone ka har'a mokhanni, le hore palo ea ho kheloha e ka lekanyetsoa e le phapang e ka bang teng ho latela phallo e lefisitsoeng. likaroloana, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1a. Voltage ena, e tsejoang ka hore ke motlakase oa Hall, e senola tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le bajari ba litefiso ho semiconductor, ho kenyelletsa le hore na ke li-electrone tse mpe kapa li-quasiparticles tse bitsoang "holes," hore na li tsamaea kapele hakae tšimong ea motlakase, kapa "mobility" ea tsona (µ ), le mahloriso a bona (n) ka har'a semiconductor.

Sephiri sa lilemo tse 140

Lilemo tse mashome ka mor'a hore Hall e sibolloe, bafuputsi ba ile ba boela ba fumana hore ba ka etsa litekanyo tsa phello ea Holo ka leseli-liteko tse bitsoang photo-Hall, bona Figure 1b. Litekong tse joalo, khanya e khanyang e hlahisa li-carriers tse ngata, kapa li-electron-hole pairs, ka li-semiconductors. Ka bomalimabe, kutloisiso ea rona ea phello ea Hall e fane ka temohisiso ho bajari ba litefiso ba bangata feela (kapa bongata). Bafuputsi ha baa ka ba khona ho ntša litekanyo ho tsoa mecheng ea litaba ka bobeli (e kholo le e seng e kholo) ka nako e le 'ngoe. Lintlha tse joalo ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata tse amanang le leseli, joalo ka liphanele tsa letsatsi le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa optoelectronic.

Thuto ea makasine ea IBM Research Nature e senola e 'ngoe ea liphiri tse bolokiloeng nako e telele tsa phello ea Holo. Bafuputsi ba Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Univesithi ea Duke, le IBM ba sibollotse mokhoa o mocha le mokhoa o re lumellang hore ka nako e le 'ngoe re ntše tlhahisoleseding mabapi le motheo le oo e seng oa motheo. bajari, joalo ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo le ho sisinyeha ha bona, hammoho le ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling e eketsehileng mabapi le bophelo ba mojari, bolelele ba ho jala le ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya hape.

Haholo-holo, tekong ea Photo-Hall, bajari ka bobeli ba kenya letsoho liphetohong tsa conductivity (σ) le Hall coefficient (H, proportional to the ratio of the Hall voltage to the magnetic field). Lintlha tsa bohlokoa li tsoa ho lekanya conductivity le Hall coefficient e le ts'ebetso ea matla a khanya. E patiloe ka sebopeho sa conductivity-Hall coefficient curve (σ-H) e bonts'a tlhahisoleseling e ncha: phapang ea ho tsamaea ha bajari ka bobeli. Joalokaha ho boletsoe sehloohong sena, kamano ena e ka hlalosoa ka bokhabane:

$$pontsho$$ Δµ = d (σ²H)/dσ$$pontsho$$

Ho qala ka bongata bo tsebahalang ba bajari ho tloha ho tekanyo ea Holo e tloaelehileng lefifing, re ka senola ho ba bangata le ba fokolang ba tsamaeang le ho teteana e le ts'ebetso ea matla a khanya. Sehlopha se rehile mokhoa o mocha oa ho lekanya: Holo ea Lifoto e Rarollotsoeng ke Carrier-Resolved (CRPH). Ka matla a tsejoang a khanya ea leseli, nako ea bophelo ea mojari e ka thehoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang. Khokahano ena le litharollo tsa eona li patiloe hoo e ka bang lilemo tse lekholo le halofo ho tloha ha ho sibolloa phello ea Holo.

Ntle le tsoelo-pele ea kutloisiso ena ea theory, tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea liteko e boetse e bohlokoa ho nolofalletsa mokhoa ona o mocha. Mokhoa ona o hloka tekanyo e hloekileng ea pontšo ea Holo, e ka ba thata bakeng sa lisebelisoa moo pontšo ea Holo e fokolang (mohlala, ka lebaka la ho tsamaea ka tlaase) kapa ha matšoao a eketsehileng a sa batleheng a le teng, joalo ka ka mahlaseli a khanyang a matla. Ho etsa sena, hoa hlokahala ho etsa tekanyo ea Holo ho sebelisa matla a khoheli a oscillating. Joalo ka ha u mametse seea-le-moea, u hloka ho khetha khafetsa ea seteishene seo u se batlang, u lahle maqhubu a mang kaofela a sebetsang joalo ka lerata. Mokhoa oa CRPH o tsoela pele mohato o le mong mme o khetha eseng feela maqhubu a lakatsehang empa hape le mohato oa matla a khoheli a oscillating o sebelisa mokhoa o bitsoang synchronous sensing. Mohopolo ona oa ho metha Holo o oscillating haesale o tsejoa, empa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho sebelisa li-coil tsa motlakase ho hlahisa matla a khoheli a sisinyehang o ne o sa sebetse.

Sibollo e fetileng

Joalokaha hangata ho etsahala saenseng, tsoelo-pele sebakeng se seng se susumetsoa ke lintho tse sibolotsoeng sebakeng se seng. Ka 2015, IBM Research e tlalehile ketsahalo e neng e sa tsejoe pele ho fisiks e amanang le phello e ncha ea khoheli ea matla a khoheli e bitsoang "camel hump" effect, e hlahang pakeng tsa mela e 'meli ea li-dipoles tse fapaneng ha li feta bolelele bo boima, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 2a. Phello ke tšobotsi ea bohlokoa e nolofalletsang mofuta o mocha oa leraba la tlhaho la khoheli le bitsoang parallel dipole line trap (PDL trap), joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 2b. Sefi sa Magnetic PDL se ka sebelisoa e le sethala sa lipale bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa ho utloa tse kang tiltmeter, seismometer (sensor ea tšisinyeho ea lefatše). Litsamaiso tse joalo tse ncha tsa kutlo, hammoho le mahlale a maholo a data, li ka bula lits'ebetso tse ngata tse ncha, 'me li ntse li hlahlojoa ke sehlopha sa Lipatlisiso sa IBM se hlahisang sethala se seholo sa tlhahlobo ea data se bitsoang IBM Physical Analytics Integrated Repository Service (PAIRS), se nang le leruo la geospatial. le Internet of Things data.(IoT).

Ho makatsang ke hore karolo e tšoanang ea PDL e na le ts'ebeliso e 'ngoe e ikhethang. Ha e pota-potiloe, e sebetsa e le mokhoa o loketseng oa teko ea photo-Hall ho fumana oscillation ea unidirectional le e hloekileng ea harmonic ea matla a khoheli (Setšoantšo sa 2c). Habohlokoa le ho feta, sistimi e fana ka sebaka se lekaneng ho lumella khanya ea sebaka se pharaletseng sa sampole, e leng bohlokoa litekong tsa Photo-Hall.

Tšusumetso

Mokhoa o mocha oa holo ea lifoto oo re o hlahisitseng o re lumella ho ntša boitsebiso bo bongata bo hlollang ho li-semiconductors. Ho fapana le li-parameter tse tharo feela tse fumanoeng tekanyong ea khale ea Holo, mokhoa ona o mocha o fana ka li-parameter tse supileng ho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea matla a khanyang a lekiloeng. Sena se kenyelletsa ho tsamaea ha li-electrone le likoti ka bobeli; mahloriso a mojari oa bona tlas'a tšusumetso ea leseli; recombination bophelo bohle; le bolelele ba ho hasana bakeng sa lielektrone, masoba le mefuta ea ambipolar. Sena sohle se ka phetoa makhetlo a N (ke hore, palo ea likhakanyo tsa matla a khanya tse sebelisitsoeng tekong).

Tšibollo ena e ncha le theknoloji li tla thusa tsoelo-pele ea semiconductor ho mahlale a teng le a ntseng a hlaha. Hona joale re na le tsebo le lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang ho ntša litšobotsi tsa 'mele tsa thepa ea semiconductor ka botlalo. Mohlala, e tla thusa ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji ea semiconductor ea moloko o latelang, joalo ka liphanele tse betere tsa letsatsi, lisebelisoa tse betere tsa optoelectronic, le lisebelisoa tse ncha le lisebelisoa tsa mahlale a mahlale a maiketsetso.

Ntho ea pele sengoloa se phatlalalitsoeng ka la 7 Mphalane 2019 ka IBM Research blog.
Fetolela: Nikolay Marin (NikolayMarin), Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ea Theknoloji IBM naheng ea Russia le linaheng tsa CIS.

Source: www.habr.com