Kamora likhoeli tse peli tsa nts'etsopele, Linus Torvalds ho lokolloa ha kernel . Har'a liphetoho tse hlokomelehang haholo: Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa Ext4 ha o na taba, sistimi e arohaneng e hloka ho kenya sistimi ea faele, bakhanni ba GPU Mali 4xx/ 6xx/7xx, bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le liphetoho tsa boleng ba sysctl mananeong a BPF, sesebelisoa-mapper. module dm-dust, ts'ireletso khahlanong le litlhaselo tsa MDS, ts'ehetso ea Sound Open Firmware bakeng sa DSP, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea BFQ, ho tlisa tsamaiso ea PSI (Pressure Stall Information) monyetla oa ho sebelisoa ho Android.
Mofuta o mocha o kenyelletsa litokiso tse 15100 ho tsoa ho baetsi ba 1882,
boholo ba patch - 62 MB (liphetoho li ile tsa ama lifaele tsa 30889, mela ea 625094 ea khoutu e kenyelelitsoe, mela ea 531864 e ile ea tlosoa). Hoo e ka bang 45% ea bohle ba hlahisitsoeng ho 5.2
liphetoho li amana le bakhanni ba lisebelisoa, hoo e ka bang 21% ea liphetoho li
maikutlo mabapi le ho ntlafatsa khoutu e khethehileng ho meralo ea Hardware, 12%
e amanang le stack ea marang-rang, 3% ho tsamaiso ea lifaele le 3% ho ea ka hare
li-subsystem tsa kernel. 12.4% ea liphetoho tsohle li lokisitsoe ke Intel, 6.3% ke Red Hat, 5.4% ke Google, 4.0% ke AMD, 3.1% ke SUSE, 3% ke IBM, 2.7% ke Huawei, 2.7% ke Linaro, 2.2% ke ARM , 1.6 % - Oracle.
:
- Disk Subsystem, I/O le File Systems
- E kenyellelitsoe Ext4 sebetsa ntle le ho khetholla boemo ba litlhaku mabitsong a lifaele, tse kentsoeng tšebetsong feela mabapi le li-directory tse se nang letho ho sebelisa tšobotsi e ncha "+F" (EXT4_CASEFOLD_FL). Ha tšobotsi ena e behiloe bukeng, lits'ebetso tsohle tse nang le lifaele le li-subdirectories ka hare li tla etsoa ntle le ho ela hloko taba ea batho bao ho buuoang ka bona, ho kenyelletsa le nyeoe e tla hlokomolohuoa ha ho batloa le ho bula lifaele (mohlala, lifaele tsa Test.txt, teko.txt le teko.TXT dikhokahanong tse joalo li tla nkoa li tšoana). Ka ho sa feleng, tsamaiso ea faele e ntse e tsoela pele ho ba le maemo a itseng, ntle le li-directory tse nang le tšobotsi ea "chattr +F";
- Mesebetsi ea ho sebetsana le litlhaku tsa UTF-8 ka mabitso a lifaele, tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa papiso ea likhoele le ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng, li kopantsoe;
- XFS e eketsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ba sistimi ea faele le ioctl e ncha bakeng sa ho botsa boemo ba bophelo bo botle. Karolo ea liteko e kentsoe tšebetsong ho lekola li-superblock counters inthaneteng.
- E kentse 'mapa oa mochine o mocha oa module "", e u lumellang ho etsisa ponahalo ea li-blocks tse mpe mecheng ea litaba kapa liphoso ha u bala ho tsoa ho disk. Mojule o u lumella ho nolofatsa ho lokisa liphoso le ho lekola lits'ebetso le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa polokelo ha u tobane le mefokolo e ka bang teng;
- Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa kemiso ea BFQ I/O. Maemong a boima ba I/O bo phahameng, lintlafatso li entsoe Fokotsa nako ea ts'ebetso joalo ka ho qala lits'ebetso ka 80%.
- E kenyellelitse letoto la mehala ea sistimi bakeng sa ho holisa sistimi ea lifaele: , , , , и . Mehala ena ea tsamaiso e u lumella hore u sebetsane le mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ho kenya ka thoko (sebelisa superblock, fumana tlhahisoleseling mabapi le sistimi ea faele, ho hlopha, ho hokela sebakeng sa thaba), tse neng li etsoa pele ho sebelisoa mohala o tloaelehileng oa mount() system. Mehala e arohaneng e fana ka bokhoni ba ho etsa maemo a thata ho feta le ho etsa ts'ebetso e fapaneng joalo ka ho lokisa superblock, likhetho tse nolofalletsang, ho fetola sebaka sa thaba, le ho fallela sebakeng se fapaneng sa mabitso. Ho phaella moo, ts'ebetso e arohaneng e u lumella ho tseba ka nepo mabaka a tlhahiso ea likhoutu tsa liphoso le ho beha mehloli e mengata bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa lifaele tse ngata, tse kang overlayfs;
- Ts'ebetso e ncha IORING_OP_SYNC_FILE_RANGE e kentsoe sebopehong sa I/O io_uring e sa ts'oaneng, e etsang liketso tse lekanang le mohala oa sistimi. , le ho kenya ts'ebetsong bokhoni ba ho ngolisa eventfd le io_uring le ho amohela litsebiso mabapi le ho phethoa ha mesebetsi;
- Bakeng sa sistimi ea faele ea CIFS, ho kentsoe ioctl ea FIEMAP, e fanang ka 'mapa o sebetsang hantle, hammoho le ts'ehetso ea mekhoa ea SEEK_DATA le SEEK_HOLE;
- Ka FUSE subsystem API ea ho laola caching ea data;
- Btrfs e ntlafalitse ts'ebetsong ea qgroups le ho ntlafatsa lebelo la ts'ebetso ea fsync bakeng sa lifaele tse nang le lihokelo tse ngata tse thata. Khoutu ea ho hlahloba botšepehi ba data e ntlafalitsoe, eo hona joale e nahanang ka tšenyo e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng ho RAM pele e fetisetsa data ho disk;
- CEPH e ekelitse tšehetso bakeng sa ho romela linepe ka NFS;
- Ts'ebetsong ea ho kenya NFSv4 ka mokhoa o "bonolo" e ntlafalitsoe (haeba phoso e etsahala ho fihlella seva ka mokhoa o "bonolo", mohala oa ho khutlisa khoutu ea phoso hang-hang, 'me ka "thata" taolo ea "hard" ha e fanoe ho fihlela FS. ho ba teng kapa nako e felileng e khutlisetsoa). Tokollo e ncha e fana ka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea nako, ho hlaphoheloa ka potlako, le khetho e ncha ea "softerr" e u lumellang hore u fetole khoutu ea phoso (ETIMEDOUT) e khutlisitsoeng ha nako e fela;
- Nfsdcld API, e etselitsoeng ho sala morao boemo ba bareki ba NFS, e lumella seva sa NFS ho sala morao boemo ba moreki ka nepo ha e qala bocha. Ka hona, daemon ea nfsdcld e se e ka sebetsa joalo ka nfsdcltrack handler;
- Bakeng sa AFS ho etsisa li-byte range locks ka har'a lifaele ();
- Virtualization le Tšireletso
- Mosebetsi o entsoe ho felisa libaka tse ka har'a kernel tse lumellang ho etsoa ha khoutu ho tsoa libakeng tse ngoloang tse bonts'itsoeng tsa mohopolo, tse lumellang ho thibela masoba a ka sebelisoang nakong ea tlhaselo;
- Ho ekelitsoe parameter e ncha ea taelo ea kernel "mitigations=", e fanang ka mokhoa o nolofalitsoeng oa ho laola ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa e itseng ea ho itšireletsa khahlanong le bofokoli bo amanang le ts'ebetso e inahaneloang ea litaelo ho CPU. Ho fetisa "mitigations=off" ho tima mekhoa eohle e teng, 'me mokhoa oa kamehla oa "mitigations=auto" o nolofalletsa ts'ireletso empa ha o ame tšebeliso ea Hyper Threading. Mokhoa oa "mitigations=auto,nosmt" o boetse o tima Hyper Threading haeba e hlokoa ke mokhoa oa ts'ireletso.
- tšehetso bakeng sa saena sa elektroniki sa dijithale ho latela GOST R 34.10-2012 (RFC 7091, ISO/IEC 14888-3), Vitaly Chikunov ho tloha Basalt SPO. Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa AES128-CCM ts'ebetsong ea TLS ea matsoalloa. Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa li-algorithms tsa AEAD mojuleng oa crypto_simd;
- Ho Kconfig karolo e arohaneng ea "kernel harding" e nang le likhetho tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ireletso ea kernel. Hajoale, karolo e ncha e na le litlhophiso tsa ho nolofalletsa li-plugins tsa GCC tse ntlafatsang cheke;
- Khoutu ea kernel e batlile ho tsoa litlalehong tsa linyeoe tse sa robeheng ka switjha (ntle le ho khutla kapa khefu ka mor'a thibelo ea nyeoe ka 'ngoe). E sala e le ho lokisa linyeoe tse 32 ho tse 2311 tsa tšebeliso e joalo ea phetoho, ka mor'a moo ho tla khoneha ho sebelisa mokhoa oa "-Wimplicit-fallthrough" ha u haha kernel;
- Bakeng sa meralo ea PowerPC, ts'ehetso ea lisebelisoa tsa hardware bakeng sa ho fokotsa litsela tse sa batleheng tsa phihlello ea kernel ho data sebakeng sa mosebelisi e kentsoe ts'ebetsong;
- E kentse khoutu ea ho thibela Sehlopha sa MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) ho li-processor tsa Intel. U ka hlahloba hore na sistimi e kotsing ea ho ba kotsing ka ho fetoha ha SysFS "/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/mds". mekhoa e 'meli ea ts'ireletso: e tletse, e hlokang microcode e ntlafalitsoeng, le bypass, e sa tiiseng ka botlalo ho hlakisoa ha li-buffer tsa CPU ha taolo e fetisetsoa sebakeng sa mosebelisi kapa sistimi ea baeti. Ho laola mekhoa ea ts'ireletso, "mds =" parameter e kenyelelitsoe kernel, e ka nkang boleng "full", "full,nosmt" (+ disable Hyper-Threads) le "off";
- Lits'ebetsong tsa x86-64, ts'ireletso ea "stack guard-page" e kenyelelitsoe bakeng sa IRQ, mekhoa ea ho lokisa liphoso le batšoantšisi ba ikhethang, seo motheo oa sona e leng ho kenya sebaka sa maqephe a memori moeling oa stack, e leng se lebisang molokong oa batho. mokhelo (phoso ea leqephe);
- E kentse sysctl setting vm.unprivileged_userfaultfd, e laolang bokhoni ba lits'ebetso tse sa tsitsang ho sebelisa userfaultfd () mohala oa tsamaiso;
- Sistimi e nyane ea marang-rang
- Ts'ehetso ea heke ea IPv6 bakeng sa litsela tsa IPv4. Mohlala, joale o ka hlakisa melao ea ho tsamaisa joalo ka "ip ro add 172.16.1.0/24 ka innet6 2001:db8::1 dev eth0";
- Bakeng sa ICMPv6, li-call tsa ioctl icmp_echo_ignore_anycast le icmp_echo_ignore_multicast li kenngoa ts'ebetsong ho hlokomoloha ICMP ECHO bakeng sa leha e le efe le
liaterese tse ngata. bokhoni ba ho fokotsa matla a ts'ebetso ea lipakete tsa ICMPv6; - Bakeng sa protocol ea mesh ea BATMAN (Better Approach To Mobile Adhoc Networking), e lumellang hore ho thehoe marang-rang a arohaneng moo node e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hokahaneng ka li-node tsa boahelani, tšehetso bakeng sa khaso ho tloha ho multicast ho ea unicast, hammoho le bokhoni ba ho laola ka li-sysfs;
- Ka ethtool parameter e ncha ea Fast Link Down, e u lumellang ho fokotsa nako eo ue nkang ho fumana tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ketsahalo e tlaase ea khokahanyo bakeng sa 1000BaseT (tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng ho lieha ho fihla ho 750ms);
- E hlahile ho tlama lithanele tsa Foo-Over-UDP atereseng e itseng, sehokelo sa marang-rang kapa soketeng (pele ho tlama ho ne ho etsoa feela ka mask a tloaelehileng);
- Ka har'a stack ea waelese monyetla oa ho kenya ts'ebetsong batsamaisi
OWE (Opportunistic Wireless Encryption) sebakeng sa basebelisi; - Ho Netfilter, tšehetso bakeng sa lelapa la aterese ea inet e kentsoe liketane tsa nat (mohlala, joale u ka sebelisa molao o le mong oa phetolelo ho sebetsana le ipv4 le ipv6, ntle le ho arola melao ea ipv4 le ipv6);
- Ka marang-rang e tiileng bakeng sa netefatso e tiileng ea ho nepahala ha melaetsa le litšoaneleho tsohle, moo boholo bo lebelletsoeng ba litšoaneleho bo sa lumelloeng ho fetisoa mme ho eketsoa ha data e eketsehileng qetellong ea melaetsa ho thibetsoe;
- Litšebeletso tsa memori le tsamaiso
- Folakha ea CLONE_PIDFD e kentsoe mohalang oa sistimi ea clone(), ha ho boletsoe, tlhaloso ea faele "pidfd" e khetholloang ka mokhoa o entsoeng ke ngoana e khutlisetsoa ts'ebetsong ea motsoali. Tlhaloso ea faele ena, ka mohlala, e ka sebelisoa ho romela lipontšo ntle le tšabo ea ho matha boemong ba peiso (hang-hang ka mor'a ho romela letšoao, sepheo sa PID se ka lokolloa ka lebaka la ho felisoa ha ts'ebetso le ho tšoaroa ke ts'ebetso e 'ngoe);
- Bakeng sa mofuta oa bobeli oa lihlopha, ts'ebetso ea "freezer controller" e kenyellelitsoe, eo ka eona u ka emisang mosebetsi ka sehlopha 'me u lokolle lisebelisoa tse ling ka nakoana (CPU, I/O, esita le mohopolo) ho etsa mesebetsi e meng. Tsamaiso e etsoa ka lifaele tsa taolo ea cgroup.freeze le cgroup.diketsahalo sefateng sa sehlopha. Keno ea 1 ka har'a cgroup.hatsetsa ho homisa lits'ebetso sehlopheng sa hajoale le lihlopha tsohle tsa bana. Kaha serame se nka nako e itseng, ho fanoa ka faele ea cgroup.events e eketsehileng eo ka eona u ka tsebang ka ho phethoa ha ts'ebetso;
- thomello ea litšobotsi tsa memori tse hokahantsoeng le node e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho sysfs, e u lumellang hore u tsebe ho tsoa sebakeng sa mosebelisi mofuta oa ho sebetsana le libanka tsa memori lits'ebetsong tse nang le mohopolo o fapaneng;
- Setsi sa PSI (Pressure Stall Information) se ntlafalitsoe, se u lumellang ho sekaseka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le nako ea ho leta ea ho amohela lisebelisoa tse fapaneng (CPU, memori, I / O) bakeng sa mesebetsi e itseng kapa lihlopha tsa lits'ebetso ka sehlopha. Ka ho sebelisa PSI, ba sebetsanang le sebaka sa basebelisi ba ka hakanya ka nepo boemo ba mojaro oa sistimi le lipaterone tsa butle ha li bapisoa le Karolelano ea Mojaro. Phetolelo e ncha e fana ka ts'ehetso ea ho beha menyako ea maikutlo le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa poll() mohala ho amohela tsebiso ea hore menyako e behiloeng e bakiloe ka nako e itseng. Karolo ena e lumella Android ho beha leihlo khaello ea memori qalong, ho tseba mohloli oa mathata le ho emisa lits'ebetso tse sa hlokahaleng ntle le ho baka mathata a hlokomelehang ho mosebelisi. Ha liteko tsa khatello ea kelello, lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba memori tse thehiloeng ho PSI li bontšitse lintlha tse fokolang tsa 10 tse fokolang ha li bapisoa le lipalo-palo tsa vmpressure;
- Khoutu ea ho hlahloba mananeo a BPF e ntlafalitsoe, e leng se etsang hore ho lekoa ka makhetlo a 20 ka potlako bakeng sa mananeo a maholo. Ntlafatso e entse hore ho khonehe ho phahamisa moeli oa boholo ba mananeo a BPF ho tloha ho 4096 ho ea ho litaelo tse milione;
- Bakeng sa mananeo a BPF bokhoni ba ho fihlella data ea lefats'e, e u lumellang hore u hlalose mefuta-futa ea lefats'e le li-constants mananeong;
- E kentsoe , e u lumellang hore u laole liphetoho ho li-parameter tsa sysctl ho tsoa mananeong a BPF;
- Bakeng sa meralo ea MIPS32, moqapi oa JIT oa mochini o sebetsang oa eBPF o kentsoe tšebetsong;
- Bakeng sa meralo ea 32-bit PowerPC, ts'ehetso ea sesebelisoa sa ho lokisa aterese ea KASan (Kernel address sanitizer) e kentsoe, e thusang ho tseba liphoso ha o sebetsa ka mohopolo;
- Lits'ebetsong tsa x86-64, thibelo ea ho beha lithōle tsa naha nakong ea ho senyeha ha kernel (crash-dump) libakeng tsa mohopolo ka holimo ho 896MB e tlositsoe;
- Bakeng sa meralo ea s390, ts'ehetso ea sebaka sa aterese ea kernel randomization (KASLR) le bokhoni ba ho netefatsa li-signature tsa dijithale ha u kenya kernel ka kexec_file_load() li kenngoa ts'ebetsong;
- Bakeng sa meralo ea PA-RISC, tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa kernel debugger (KGDB), jump marks le kprobes;
- Lisebelisoa
- Mokhanni o kenyelelitsoe bakeng sa Mali 400/450 GPU, e sebelisoang ho lichifi tse ngata tsa khale tse ipapisitseng le meralo ea ARM. Bakeng sa li-GPU tse ncha tsa Mali, mokhanni oa Panfrost o kenyelelitsoe, ho tšehetsa li-chips tse thehiloeng ho Midgard (Mali-T6xx, Mali-T7xx, Mali-T8xx) le Bifrost (Mali G3x, G5x, G7x) microarchitectures;
- Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa molumo ho sebelisa firmware e bulehileng (). Leha ho na le boteng ba bakhanni ba bulehileng, khoutu ea firmware ea li-chips tsa molumo e ne e ntse e koetsoe mme e ne e fanoa ka mokhoa oa binary. Morero oa Sound Open Firmware o entsoe ke Intel ho theha firmware e bulehileng bakeng sa li-chips tsa DSP tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea molumo (hamorao Google le eona e ile ea ikopanya le nts'etsopele). Hajoale, morero ona o se o lokiselitse ho sibolloa ha firmware bakeng sa li-chips tsa molumo oa sethala sa Intel Baytrail, CherryTrail, Broadwell, ApolloLake, GeminiLake, CannonLake le IceLake;
- Mokhanni oa Intel DRM (i915) o eketsa tšehetso bakeng sa lichifi
Elkhartlake (Gen11). Li-ID tsa PCI tse kentsoeng bakeng sa lichifi tsa Comet Lake (Gen9). Ts'ehetso ea li-chips tsa Iceland e tsitsitsoe, 'me ho kentsoe li-identifiers tsa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa PCI.
mokhoa oa ho fetoha o sa lumellaneng pakeng tsa li-buffer tse peli mohopolong oa video (async flip) ha o etsa ts'ebetso ea ho ngola ka mmio, e ileng ea eketsa haholo ts'ebetso ea lits'ebetso tse ling tsa 3D (mohlala, ts'ebetso tekong ea 3DMark Ice Storm e eketsehile ka 300-400%). Tšehetso ea theknoloji e ekelitsoeng (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) bakeng sa ho encrypting lipontšo tsa video tse fetisitsoeng ka HDMI; - Mokhanni oa amdgpu oa Vega20 GPU tšehetso bakeng sa RAS (Botšepehi, Boteng, Bokhoni ba Tšebeletso) le tšehetso ea liteko bakeng sa tsamaiso e nyenyane ea SMU 11, e nkileng sebaka sa theknoloji ea Powerplay. Bakeng sa GPU Vega12 tšehetso bakeng sa mokhoa oa BACO (Bus Active, Chip Off). E kenyellelitse tšehetso ea pele bakeng sa XGMI, bese e lebelo le holimo (PCIe 4.0) bakeng sa khokahano ea GPU. E kentse li-identifiers tse sieo bakeng sa likarete tse thehiloeng ho Polaris10 GPU ho mokhanni oa amdkfd;
- Mokhanni oa Nouveau o ekelitse tšehetso bakeng sa liboto tse thehiloeng ho chipset ea NVIDIA Turing 117 (TU117, e sebelisoang ho GeForce GTX 1650). IN
kconfig tlhophiso ea ho tima lits'ebetso tse seng li sa sebetse tse seng li sa sebelisoe ho libdrm tsa hajoale; - Ts'ehetso bakeng sa lintho tsa khokahano ea "timeline" e kentsoe ho DRM API le mokhanni oa amdgpu, e u lumellang ho etsa ntle le thibelo ea khale.
- Mokhanni oa vboxvideo bakeng sa VirtualBox virtual GPU e tlositsoe lekaleng la sethala ho ea mohahong o moholo;
- E kenyellelitsoe mokhanni oa lebelo bakeng sa chip ea GFX SoC ASPEED;
- Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa ARM SoC le Intel Agilex (SoCFPGA), NXP i.MX8MM, Allwinner (RerVision H3-DVK (H3), Oceanic 5205 5inMFD, ,Beelink GS2 (H6), Orange Pi 3 (H6)), Rockchip (Orange Pi ) mapolanka RK3399, Nanopi NEO4, Veyron-Mighty Chromebook), Amlogic: SEI Robotics SEI510,
ST Micro (stm32mp157a, stm32mp157c), NXP (
Eckelmann ci4x10 (i.MX6DL),i.MX8MM EVK (i.MX8MM),
ZII i.MX7 RPU2 (i.MX7),
ZII SPB4 (VF610),
Zii Ultra (i.MX8M),
TQ TQMa7S (i.MX7Solo),
TQ TQMa7D (i.MX7Dual),
Kobo Aura (i.MX50),
Menlosystems M53 (i.MX53)), NVIDIA Jetson Nano (Tegra T210).
Ka nako e ts'oanang, Latin American Free Software Foundation
khetho - , e hlakotsoe ka lisebelisoa tsa firmware le mokhanni tse nang le likarolo tse sa lefelloeng kapa likarolo tsa khoutu, sebaka sa eona se lekanyelitsoeng ke moetsi. Tokollo e ncha e kenyelletsa ho kenya lifaele
Firmware ea Bula ea molumo. Ho kenya li-blobs ho bakhanni ho koetsoe
mt7615, rtw88, rtw8822b, rtw8822c, btmtksdio, iqs5xx, ishtp le ucsi_ccg. Khoutu ea ho hloekisa blob ho ixp4xx, imx-sdma, amdgpu, nouveau le li-drive tsa goya le li-subsystems, hammoho le litokomaneng tsa microcode, li ntlafalitsoe. E emisitse ho hloekisa li-blobs ho mokhanni oa r8822be ka lebaka la ho tlosoa ha eona.
Source: opennet.ru