ProHoster > Blog > litaba tsa inthanete > Ho lokolloa ha kernel ea Linux 6.1

Ho lokolloa ha kernel ea Linux 6.1

Kamora likhoeli tse peli tsa nts'etsopele, Linus Torvalds o hlahisitse tokollo ea Linux kernel 6.1. Har'a liphetoho tse hlokomelehang ka ho fetisisa: tšehetso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea bakhanni le li-module ka puo ea Rust, mokhoa oa morao-rao oa mochine oa ho khetholla maqephe a memori a sebelisitsoeng, mookameli ea khethehileng oa memori bakeng sa mananeo a BPF, mokhoa oa ho hlahloba mathata a memori KMSAN, KCFI (Kernelk Control). -Flow Integrity) mokhoa oa tšireletso, ho kenyelletsoa ha sefate sa sebopeho sa Maple.

Phetolelo e ncha e kenyelletsa litokiso tse 15115 ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba 2139, boholo ba patch ke 51 MB, e batlang e le nyane ka makhetlo a 2 ho feta boholo ba li-patches tse tsoang ho 6.0 le 5.19. Liphetoho li ile tsa ama lifaele tse 13165, mela ea khoutu e 716247 e ile ea eketsoa, ​​'me mela e 304560 ea hlakoloa. Hoo e ka bang 45% ea liphetoho tsohle tse hlahisitsoeng ho 6.1 li amana le bakhanni ba lisebelisoa, hoo e ka bang 14% ea liphetoho li amana le ho ntlafatsa khoutu e khethehileng ho meralo ea hardware, 14% e amana le stack ea marang-rang, 3% e amana le tsamaiso ea lifaele, le 3% li amana le li-subsystem tsa kernel tse ka hare.

Mekhoa e mecha ea bohlokoa ho kernel 6.1:

  • Litšebeletso tsa memori le tsamaiso
    • E ekelitse bokhoni ba ho sebelisa Rust joalo ka puo ea bobeli bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele bakhanni le li-module tsa kernel. Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho tšehetsa Rust ke ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho ngola bakhanni ba lisebelisoa tse sireletsehileng le tsa boleng bo phahameng ka ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho etsa liphoso ha u sebetsa ka mohopolo. Ts'ehetso ea mafome e holofalitsoe ka ho sa feleng 'me ha e etse hore Rust e kenyelelitsoe joalo ka ts'epo e hlokahalang ea kernel. Kernel ho fihlela joale e amohetse mofuta o fokolang oa li-patches, o fokolitsoeng ho tloha ho 40 ho ea ho mela e likete tse 13 tsa khoutu 'me o fana ka bonyane bo hlokahalang, bo lekaneng ho haha ​​​​mojule e bonolo ea kernel e ngotsoeng ka puo ea Rust. Nakong e tlang, ho reriloe ho eketsa butle-butle ts'ebetso e teng, ho fetisetsa liphetoho tse ling ho tloha lekaleng la Rust-for-Linux. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, merero e ntse e ntlafatsoa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse reriloeng ho nts'etsapele bakhanni ba li-drive tsa NVMe, protocol ea 9p network le Apple M1 GPU ka puo ea Rust.
    • Bakeng sa litsamaiso tse thehiloeng ho meralo ea AArch64, RISC-V le LoongArch e nang le EFI, bokhoni ba ho jarisa litšoantšo tse hatelitsoeng tsa kernel bo kentsoe tšebetsong. Basebelisi ba ekelitsoeng bakeng sa ho kenya, ho matha le ho laolla litšoantšo tsa kernel, tse bitsoang ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho EFI zboot. Basebelisi ba ho kenya le ho hlakola liprothokholo ho database ea EFI protocol le bona ba kentsoe. Pejana, ho notlolla ho ne ho etsoa ke bootloader e arohaneng, empa joale sena se ka etsoa ke motho ea sebetsang ka har'a kernel ka boeona - setšoantšo sa kernel se thehoa e le kopo ea EFI.
    • Sebopeho se kenyelletsa karolo ea li-patches ka ts'ebetsong ea mekhoa e mengata ea ho laola mohopolo, e leng se u lumellang ho arola libanka tsa memori tse nang le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa tshebetso. Mohlala, maqephe a sebelisoang haholo a ka bolokoa mohopolong o potlakileng haholo, athe maqephe a sa sebelisoeng hangata a ka bolokoa mohopolong o fokolang haholo. Kernel 6.1 e hlahisa mokhoa oa ho tseba hore na maqephe a sebelisitsoeng haholo a fumaneha kae mohopolong o liehang e le hore a ka khothaletsoa mohopolong o potlakileng, hape e hlahisa mohopolo o akaretsang oa likarolo tsa memori le ts'ebetso ea bona e lekanyelitsoeng.
    • E kenyelletsa mochine oa MGLRU (Multi-Generational LRU), o nkang ts'ebetsong ea khale ea LRU (e sa tsoa sebelisoa) e thehiloeng ho mela e 'meli e nang le mekhahlelo e mengata e khethollang hantle hore na ke maqephe afe a memori a hlileng a sebelisoang le a ka sutumelletsoang. karohano ea phapanyetsano.
    • Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa sebopeho sa data sa "sefate sa 'mapole" se hlahisitsoeng ke lienjiniere tsa Oracle, se behiloeng e le phetisetso e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa sebopeho sa "sefate se setšo". Sefate sa 'mapole ke mofuta oa sefate sa B se tšehetsang indexing ea mefuta-futa mme se etselitsoe ho sebelisa cache ea li-processor tsa sejoale-joale hantle. Mekhoa e meng ea tsamaiso ea memori e se e fetiselitsoe sefateng sa maple, se nang le phello e ntle mosebetsing oa bona. Nakong e tlang, sefate sa maple se ka sebelisoa ho kenya ts'ebetsong ea ho notlela mefuta e mengata.
    • Bokhoni ba ho theha mananeo a "senya" a BPF a etselitsoeng ka ho khetheha ho qala ho koala ha tšohanyetso ka mohala oa crash_kexec() o kentsoe tsamaisong e nyane ea BPF. Mananeo a joalo a BPF a ka 'na a hlokoa bakeng sa merero ea ho lokisa liphoso ho qala ho theha thotobolo ea kotsi ka nako e itseng. Ho fihlella lits'ebetso tse senyang ha o kenya lenaneo la BPF, o tlameha ho hlakisa folakha ea BPF_F_DESTRUCTIVE, kenya sysctl kernel.destructive_bpf_enabled, 'me u be le litokelo tsa CAP_SYS_BOOT.
    • Bakeng sa mananeo a BPF, hoa khoneha ho bala likarolo tsa lihlopha, hammoho le lisebelisoa (lifaele, vma, lits'ebetso, joalo-joalo) tsa khoele kapa mosebetsi o itseng. Mofuta o mocha oa 'mapa o kentsoe tšebetsong ho theha li-buffer tsa basebelisi.
    • E kentse mohala o khethehileng bakeng sa kabo ea memori ho mananeo a BPF (memory allocator), e fanang ka kabo e sireletsehileng ea mohopolo maemong a BPF ho feta kmalloc e tloaelehileng ().
    • Karolo ea pele ea liphetoho e kenyelelitsoe, e fana ka bokhoni ba ho etsa bakhanni ba lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya lisebelisoa tse nang le sebopeho sa HID (Human Interface Device), se sebelisoang ka mokhoa oa mananeo a BPF.
    • Kernel e tlositse khoutu ka botlalo ho ts'ehetsa fomete ea faele e phethiloeng ea a.out, e tlositsoeng tokollong ea 5.1 mme e koetsoe bakeng sa meaho e meholo ho tloha liphetolelong tsa 5.18 le 5.19. Sebopeho sa a.out ke khale se sa sebelisoe lits'ebetsong tsa Linux, 'me tlhahiso ea lifaele tsa a.out ha e tšehetsoe ke lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale ho litlhophiso tsa kamehla tsa Linux. The loader bakeng sa lifaele tsa a.out e ka sebelisoa ka ho feletseng sebakeng sa mosebedisi.
    • Bakeng sa litsamaiso tse ipapisitseng le meralo ea thuto ea LoongArch e sebelisitsoeng ho li-processor tsa Loongson 3 5000 le ho kenya ts'ebetsong RISC ISA e ncha, e ts'oanang le MIPS le RISC-V, ts'ehetso ea liketsahalo tsa tekanyo ea ts'ebetso (liketsahalo tsa perf), kexec, kdump le BPF JIT compilation e kengoa ts'ebetsong. .
    • Io_uring asynchronous I/O segokanyim nako e fosahetseng.
    • Lits'ebetso sebakeng sa basebelisi li fuoa bokhoni ba ho qala phetolo ea maqephe a memori a tloaelehileng hore e be sete ea maqephe a maholo a memori (Transparent Huge-Pages).
    • Kenyelletso e ekelitsoeng ea sesebelisoa sa /dev/userfaultfd, se lumellang phihlello ea ts'ebetso ea mohala oa sistimi ea userfaultfd () o sebelisa litokelo tsa phihlello ho FS. Ts'ebetso ea userfaultfd e u lumella ho theha li-handers bakeng sa ho fihlella maqephe a memori a sa abuoang (liphoso tsa leqephe) sebakeng sa mosebelisi.
    • Litlhoko tsa mofuta oa GNU Make utility li ekelitsoe - bonyane mofuta oa 3.82 oa hlokahala ho aha kernel.
  • Disk Subsystem, I/O le File Systems
    • Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa ts'ebetso li entsoe ho sistimi ea faele ea Btrfs; hara tse ling, ts'ebetso ea mohala oa FIEMAP ioctl e ekelitsoe ka litaelo tsa boholo. Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa li-asynchronous buffered e ngola bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse sebelisang io_uring. Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa lifaele tse sirelelitsoeng ka fs-verity ts'ebetsong ea "romela".
    • Sistimi ea faele ea ext4 e kentse ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea koranta le ts'ebetso ea ho bala feela.
    • Sistimi ea faele ea EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System), e etselitsoeng tšebeliso ea likaroloana tse fumanehang ka mokhoa oa ho bala feela, e sebelisa bokhoni ba ho arolelana lintlha tse kopilitsoeng lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa lifaele.
    • Mohala oa statx() o kentsoe ho bonts'a tlhahisoleseling mabapi le hore na I/O e tobileng e ka sebelisoa faeleng.
    • Ts'ehetso ea ho theha lifaele tsa nakoana ka folakha ea O_TMPFILE e kentsoe tsamaisong e nyane ea FUSE (Filesystems in User Space).
  • Virtualization le Tšireletso
    • Ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea CFI (Control Flow Integrity) e nkeloe sebaka, e kenyelletsa licheke pele ho mohala o mong le o mong o sa tobang oa ts'ebetso ho bona mefuta e meng ea boitšoaro bo sa hlalosoang bo ka lebisang ho tlolong ea taelo e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso (phallo ea taolo) joalo ka sephetho sa ts'ebeliso ea litlatsetso tse fetolang lisupa mesebetsi e bolokiloeng mohopolong. Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea CFI ho tsoa morerong oa LLVM e nkeloe sebaka ke khetho hape e ipapisitseng le ts'ebeliso ea Clang, empa e hlophisitsoe ka ho khetheha ho sireletsa litsamaiso tse tlase tsa maemo a tlase le lisebelisoa tsa sistimi ea ts'ebetso. Ho LLVM, ho tla fanoa ka ts'ebetsong e ncha tokollong ea Clang 16 mme e tla nolofalloa ka khetho ea "-fsanitize=kcfi". Phapang e ka sehloohong le ts'ebetsong e ncha ke hore ha e tlameletsoe ho li-link-time optimizations (LTO) 'me ha e etse hore lintlha tsa ts'ebetso li nkeloe sebaka ke li-link tse tafoleng ea jump.
    • Bakeng sa li-module tsa LSM (Linux Security Module), hoa khoneha ho theha li-handers tse thibelang ts'ebetso ho theha libaka tsa mabitso.
    • Ho fanoe ka lisebelisoa tsa ho netefatsa PKCS#7 li-signature tsa dijithale mananeong a BPF.
    • Bokhoni ba ho bula ka mokhoa o sa thibeleng (O_NONBLOCK), e ileng ea tlosoa ka mokhoa o sa tsebeng ho kernel 5.6, e khutliselitsoe ho /dev/random.
    • Lits'ebetsong tse nang le meralo ea x86, temoso e kentsoe molemong oa ho etsa 'mapa oa maqephe a memori ka li-subsystem tsa kernel tse ka nako e ts'oanang li lumellang ts'ebetso le ho ngola. Nakong e tlang, monyetla oa ho thibela ka ho feletseng 'mapa o joalo oa mohopolo o ntse o nahanoa.
    • KMSAN (Kernel Memory Sanitizer) e kenyellelitsoeng mokhoa oa ho lokisa liphoso ho bona ts'ebeliso ea memori e sa lebelloang kernel, hammoho le ho lutla ha memori e sa lebelloang lipakeng tsa sebaka sa mosebelisi le lisebelisoa.
    • Lintlafatso li entsoe ho "crypto-secure CRNG pseudo-random number generator" e sebelisitsoeng pitso ea getrandom. Liphetoho li lokisitsoe ke Jason A. Donenfeld, sengoli sa VPN WireGuard, 'me li reretsoe ho ntlafatsa tšireletso ea pseudo-random integer extraction.
  • Sistimi e nyane ea marang-rang
    • TCP stack e fana ka bokhoni (e holofalitsoeng ka ho sa feleng) ho sebelisa litafole tsa socket hash ka thoko bakeng sa sebaka se seng le se seng sa mabitso, se ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ho litsamaiso tse nang le palo e kholo ea libaka tsa mabitso.
    • Khoutu e tlositsoe ho ts'ehetsa protocol ea DECnet ea lefa. Li-stubs tsa API tsa sebaka sa mosebelisi li siiloe li le teng ho lumella lits'ebetso tse sebelisang DECnet ho hlophisoa, empa lits'ebetso tsena li ke ke tsa khona ho hokela marang-rang.
    • Protocol ea netlink e ngotsoe.
  • Lisebelisoa
    • Mokhanni oa amdgpu o kentse tšehetso bakeng sa ho fetisa DSC (Display Stream Compression) bakeng sa khatello ea data e sa lahleheng ha ho fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseling ka li-skrini tse tšehetsang liqeto tse phahameng haholo. Mosebetsi o tswelapele ho fana ka tshehetso bakeng sa sethala sa AMD RDNA3 (RX 7000) le CDNA (Instinct). Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa likarolo tsa IP tsa DCN 3.2, SMU 13.x, NBIO 7.7, GC 11.x, PSP 13.x, SDMA 6.x le GMC 11.x IP. Mokhanni oa amdkfd (bakeng sa discrete AMD GPUs joalo ka Polaris) o fana ka tšehetso bakeng sa GFX 11.0.3.
    • Mokhanni oa i915 (Intel) o kenyelletsa tšehetso bakeng sa Meteor Lake GPU. Meteor Lake le li-GPU tse ncha li tšehetsa sebopeho sa DP 2.0 (DisplayPort). Litlhahiso tse kentsoeng tsa likarete tsa video tse ipapisitseng le meralo e menyenyane ea Alder Lake S.
    • Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa li-subsystem tsa audio tse kentsoeng tšebetsong ho Apple Silicon, Intel SkyLake le Intel KabyLake processors. Mokhanni oa molumo oa CS35L41 HDA o tšehetsa mokhoa oa ho robala. E kenyelelitsoe ASoC (ALSA System on Chip) bakeng sa li-chips tse kopantsoeng tsa molumo Apple Silicon, AMD Rembrant DSPs, AMD Pink Sardine ACP 6.2, Everest ES8326, Intel Sky Lake le Kaby Lake, Mediatek MT8186, NXP i.MX8ULP DSPs, Qualcomm SC8280X8250P, SM8450 le Texas Instruments SRC4392
    • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa liphanele tsa LCD Samsung LTL101AL01, B120XAN01.0, R140NWF5 RH, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1A TFT, AUO B133UAN02.1, IVO M133NW4J-R3, Innolux N120ACO-ACAN1 ACA116A, AUO B01.6UAN116. 21WH M-N116, INX N2BCA- EA116 , INX N1BCN-EA0800, Multi-Inno Technology MI9FT-XNUMX.
    • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa balaoli ba AHCI SATA ba sebelisoang ho Baikal-T1 SoC.
    • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa li-chips tsa Bluetooth MediaTek MT7921, Intel Magnetor (CNVi, Khokahano e Kopanetsoeng), Realtek RTL8852C, RTW8852AE le RTL8761BUV (Edimax BT-8500).
    • Mokhanni oa ath11k bakeng sa li-module tsa waelese tsa Qualcomm o ekelitse tšehetso bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ha spectral sebakeng sa 160 MHz, a kentse tšebetsong NAPI e nang le likhoele tse ngata, le tšehetso e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa li-chips tsa Qualcomm WCN6750 Wi-Fi.
    • Ho ekelitsoe li-driver tsa PinePhone keyboard, InterTouch touchpads (ThinkPad P1 G3), X-Box Adaptive Controller, PhoenixRC Flight Controller, VRC-2 Car Controller, DualSense Edge Controller, IBM Operation Panel, XBOX One Elite remotes, tablets XP-PEN Deco Pro S. le Intuos Pro Small (PTH-460).
    • Mokhanni o ekelitsoeng oa li-cryptographic accelerators tsa Aspeed HACE (Hash le Crypto Engine).
    • Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa balaoli ba kopaneng ba Thunderbolt/USB4 Intel Meteor Lake.
    • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa li-smartphones tsa Sony Xperia 1 IV, Samsung Galaxy E5, E7 le Grand Max, Pine64 Pinephone Pro.
    • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa ARM SoC le liboto: AMD DaytonaX, Mediatek MT8186, Rockchips RK3399 le RK3566, TI AM62A, NXP i.MX8DXL, Renesas R-Car H3Ne-1.7G, Qualcomm IPQ8064-v2.0, IPQntQnt8062, IPQnt8065, IPQnt8, IPQnt8195, IPQnt4, IPQnt4, IPQnt1, IPQntXNUMX, IPQntXNUMX, IPQntXNUMX BL i.MXXNUMXMM OSM-S, MTXNUMX (Acer Tomato), Radxa ROCK XNUMXC+, Khatiso ea Khoebo ea NanoPi RXNUMXS, JetHome JetHub DXNUMXp. Bakhanni ba ntlafalitsoeng ba SoC Samsung, Mediatek, Renesas, Tegra, Qualcomm, Broadcom le NXP.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, Latin American Free Software Foundation e thehile mofuta oa kernel ea mahala 6.1 - Linux-libre 6.1-gnu, e hlakotsoeng ea likarolo tsa firmware le li-driver tse nang le likarolo tse sa lefelloeng kapa likarolo tsa khoutu, tseo boholo ba tsona bo lekantsoeng. ka moetsi. Tokollo e ncha e hloekisa mokhanni o mocha oa rtw8852b le lifaele tsa DTS bakeng sa li-Qualcomm le MediaTek SoCs tse fapaneng tse nang le li-processor tse thehiloeng ho meralo ea AArch64. Khoutu e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho hloekisa blob ho bakhanni le li-subsystems amdgpu, i915, brcmfmac, r8188eu, rtw8852c, Intel ACPI. Ho hloekisoa ha bakhanni ba khale ba tm6000 likarete tsa TV, cpia2 v4l, sp8870, av7110 ho lokisitsoe.

Source: opennet.ru

Eketsa ka tlhaloso