Ho lokolloa ha kernel ea Linux 6.7

Kamora likhoeli tse peli tsa nts'etsopele, Linus Torvalds o hlahisitse tokollo ea Linux kernel 6.7. Har'a liphetoho tse hlokomelehang ka ho fetisisa: ho kopanngoa ha tsamaiso ea faele ea Bcachefs, ho khaotsa ho tšehetsa mohaho oa Itanium, bokhoni ba Nouvea ho sebetsa le GSP-R firmware, tšehetso ea TLS encryption ho NVMe-TCP, bokhoni ba ho sebelisa mekhelo ho BPF, tšehetso bakeng sa futex in io_uring, optimization of fq (Fair Queuing) scheduler performance ), tšehetso bakeng sa katoloso ea TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option) le bokhoni ba ho thibela likhokahano tsa marang-rang ka har'a mochini oa ts'ireletso ea Landlock, ho eketsa taolo ea phihlello sebakeng sa mabitso sa mosebelisi le io_uring. ka AppArmor.

Mofuta o mocha o kenyelletsa litokiso tsa 18405 ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba 2066, boholo ba patch ke 72 MB (liphetoho li ile tsa ama lifaele tsa 13467, mela ea khoutu ea 906147 e kentsoe, mela ea 341048 e hlakotsoe). Phallo ea ho qetela e ne e e-na le litokiso tsa 15291 tse tsoang ho baetsi ba 2058, boholo ba patch e ne e le 39 MB. Hoo e ka bang 45% ea liphetoho tsohle tse hlahisitsoeng ho 6.7 li amana le bakhanni ba lisebelisoa, hoo e ka bang 14% ea liphetoho li amana le ho ntlafatsa khoutu e khethehileng ho meralo ea hardware, 13% e amana le stack ea marang-rang, 5% e amana le tsamaiso ea lifaele, le 3% li amana le li-subsystem tsa kernel tse ka hare.

Mekhoa e mecha ea bohlokoa ho kernel 6.7:

• Disk Subsystem, I/O le File Systems
  • Kernel e amohela khoutu ea sistimi ea faele ea Bcachefs, e lekang ho fihlela ts'ebetso, ts'epahalo le scalability ea XFS, e kopantsoe le likarolo tsa ts'ebetso e tsoetseng pele e fumanehang ho Btrfs le ZFS. Mohlala, li-Bcachefs li ts'ehetsa likarolo tse kang ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse ngata karohanong, meralo ea li-drive tse ngata (karolo e ka tlase e nang le data e sebelisoang khafetsa e thehiloeng ho li-SSD tse potlakileng, le karolo e kaholimo e nang le data e sa sebelisoeng hanyane ho tsoa ho li-hard drive), replication (RAID). 1/10), caching , transparent data compression (LZ4, gzip le ZSTD modes), lilae tsa naha (snapshots), netefatso ea botšepehi u sebelisa licheke, bokhoni ba ho boloka likhoutu tsa tokiso ea liphoso tsa Reed-Solomon (RAID 5/6), ho boloka tlhahisoleseling ho foromo e kentsoeng (ChaCha20 le Poly1305 li sebelisoa). Mabapi le ts'ebetso, li-Bcachefs li ka pele ho li-Btrfs le litsamaiso tse ling tsa lifaele tse ipapisitseng le mochini oa Copy-on-Write, 'me li bonts'a lebelo la ts'ebetso le haufi le Ext4 le XFS.
  • Sistimi ea faele ea Btrfs e hlahisa mokhoa o nolofalitsoeng oa quota o o lumellang hore o fihlelle ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho latela maemo feela karolong e nyane eo li bōpiloeng ka eona, e nolofatsang lipalo le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, empa ha e u lumelle ho nahana ka likarolo tse arolelanoang ho tse 'maloa. subpartitions.
  • Btrfs e kentse sebopeho sa data sa "stripe tree", se loketseng bakeng sa 'mapa o hlakileng maemong ao 'mapa oa 'mele o sa lumellaneng le lisebelisoa tsohle. Hona joale sebopeho se sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea RAID0 le RAID1 bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa block block. Nakong e tlang, ba rera ho sebelisa sebopeho sena ho li-RAID tse phahameng, tse tla rarolla mathata a mangata a teng ts'ebetsong ea hona joale.
  • Sistimi ea faele ea Ceph e sebelisa ts'ehetso bakeng sa ho etsa 'mapa oa li-ID tsa basebelisi ba sistimi ea faele e kentsoeng, e sebelisetsoang ho ts'oana le lifaele tsa mosebelisi ea itseng sebakeng sa kantle ho naha le mosebelisi e mong tsamaisong ea hajoale.
  • E kenyellelitse bokhoni ba ho hlakisa uid le gid holim'a mount to efivarfs ho lumella lits'ebetso tse seng metso ho fetola mefuta ea UEFI.
  • E kentse mehala ea ioctl ho exFAT bakeng sa ho bala le ho fetola litšobotsi tsa FS. Ts'ebetso e ekelitsoeng ea li-directory tsa boholo ba zero.
  • F2FS e sebelisa bokhoni ba ho sebelisa li-block tsa 16K.
  • Autofs automount mechanism e fetotsoe ho sebelisa partition mounting API e ncha.
  • OverlayFS e fana ka likhetho tsa "lowerdir+" le "datadir+". Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa ho kenya sehlaha sa OverlayFS ka xattrs.
  • XFS e ntlafalitse mojaro oa CPU ho khoutu ea kabo ea nako ea 'nete. Bokhoni ba ho etsa ts'ebetso ea ho bala le ea FICLONE ka nako e le 'ngoe bo fanoe.
  • Khoutu ea EXT2 e fetotsoe ho sebelisa maqephe a maqephe.
• Litšebeletso tsa memori le tsamaiso
  • Ts'ehetso bakeng sa meralo ea meralo ea ia64 e sebelisitsoeng ho li-processor tsa Intel Itanium, e ileng ea emisoa ka botlalo ka 2021, e khaotsoe. Li-processor tsa Itanium li ile tsa hlahisoa ke Intel ka 2001, empa moralo oa ia64 o ile oa hloleha ho qothisana lehlokoa le AMD64, haholoholo ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e phahameng ea AMD64 le phetoho e bonolo ho tsoa ho li-processor tsa 32-bit x86. Ka lebaka leo, lithahasello tsa Intel li ile tsa fetoha molemong oa li-processor tsa x86-64, 'me lotho ea Itanium e ile ea lula e le li-server tsa HP Integrity, tseo litaelo tsa tsona li ileng tsa emisoa lilemo tse tharo tse fetileng. Khoutu ea tšehetso ea ia64 e ile ea tlosoa kernel haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho hloka tšehetso ea nako e telele bakeng sa sethaleng sena, ha Linus Torvalds a bontša boikemisetso ba hae ba ho khutlisetsa tšehetso ea ia64 ho kernel, empa hafeela ho na le mohlokomeli ea ka bontšang boleng bo phahameng. tšehetso bakeng sa sethala sena ka ntle ho kernel e kholo bonyane selemo .
  • E kentse "ia32_emulation" parameter ea taelo ea kernel, e u lumellang ho nolofalletsa kapa ho tima ts'ehetso ea mokhoa oa 32-bit ka har'a li-kernel tse hahiloeng bakeng sa meralo ea x86-64 sethaleng sa boot. Ka lehlakoreng le sebetsang, khetho e ncha e u lumella ho haha ​​​​kernel ka ts'ehetso ea ho lumellana le lits'ebetso tsa 32-bit, empa thibela mokhoa ona ka ho feletseng ho fokotsa vector ea tlhaselo holim'a kernel, kaha API ea ho lumellana ha e lekoe ho feta kernel e kholo. likhokahano.
  • Ho falla ha liphetoho tse tsoelang pele ho tloha lekaleng la Rust-for-Linux tse amanang le tšebeliso ea puo ea Rust e le puo ea bobeli bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa bakhanni le li-module tsa kernel (Tšehetso ea Rust ha e sebetse ka ho sa feleng, 'me ha e lebise ho kenyelletsoa ha Rust har'a litlhoko tse hlokahalang tsa kopano bakeng sa kernel). Phetolelo e ncha e etsa phetoho ea ho sebelisa tokollo ea Rust 1.73 mme e fana ka sete ea litlamo bakeng sa ho sebetsa le li-workqueues.
  • Hoa khonahala ho sebelisa mochini oa binfmt_misc ho eketsa tšehetso bakeng sa liforomo tse ncha tsa faele tse sebetsang (mohlala, ho tsamaisa lits'ebetso tse hlophisitsoeng tsa Java kapa Python) ka har'a libaka tse arohaneng tsa mabitso.
  • Cpuset controller cgroup, e u lumellang ho laola ts'ebeliso ea li-CPU cores ha u etsa mosebetsi, e fana ka karohano ho likarolo tsa lehae le tse hole, tse fapaneng ka hore na sehlopha sa motsoali ke karolo e nepahetseng ea motso kapa che. Litlhophiso tse ncha "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" le "cpuset.cpus.excluisve.effective" le tsona li kentsoe ho cpuset bakeng sa ho tlama CPU e khethehileng.
  • Subsystem ea BPF e kenya ts'ehetso bakeng sa mekhelo, e sebetsoang joalo ka phallo ea tšohanyetso ho tsoa lenaneong la BPF le nang le bokhoni ba ho phutholla liforeimi tsa stack ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Ntle le moo, mananeo a BPF a lumella ts'ebeliso ea litsupa tsa kptr mabapi le CPU.
  • Ts'ehetso ea ts'ebetso e nang le futex e kenyellelitsoe ho io_uring subsystem, 'me lits'ebetso tse ncha li kentsoe tšebetsong: IORING_OP_WAITID (mofuta o sa tsitsang oa waitid), SOCKET_URING_OP_GETSOCKOPT (getsockoptand khetho), SOCKET_URING_OP_SETSOCKOPT (setsocOpt_option_opereishene e sa khaotse) ho na le data kapa ha ho buffer e felletseng).
  • Kenyelletso e ekelitsoeng ea mela e bobebe e hoketsoeng e le 'ngoe ea FIFO e hlokang spinlock feela bakeng sa ho emisoa maemong a ts'ebetso le ho fana ka spinlock bakeng sa litlatsetso tsa athomo moleng maemong afe kapa afe.
  • E kentse "objpool" e nang le ring buffer e nang le ts'ebetso e mpe ea letoto la tšebetso e phahameng bakeng sa ho aba le ho khutlisa lintho.
  • Karolo ea pele ea liphetoho e ekelitsoe ho kenya ts'ebetsong futex2 API e ncha, e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle ho litsamaiso tsa NUMA, e tšehetsa boholo bo fapaneng le li-bits tse 32, 'me e ka sebelisoa ho e-na le multiplexed futex() system call.
  • Bakeng sa meralo ea ARM32 le S390x, tšehetso bakeng sa sete ea hajoale (cpuv4) ea litaelo tsa BPF e kentsoe.
  • Bakeng sa meralo ea RISC-V, hoa khoneha ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba oa Shadow-Call Stack o fumanehang ho Clang 17, o etselitsoeng ho sireletsa khahlanong le ho hlakola aterese ea ho khutla ho tsoa mosebetsing ha ho ka ba le buffer e phallang holim'a stack. Ntho ea bohlokoa ea tšireletso ke ho boloka aterese ea ho khutlisa ka har'a "moriti" o arohaneng ka mor'a ho fetisetsa taolo mosebetsing le ho fumana aterese ena pele o tsoa mosebetsing.
  • Mokhoa o mocha oa ho hlahloba leqephe la memori o kenyelelitsoe mochineng oa ho kopanya maqephe a memori a tšoanang (KSM: Kernel Samepage Merging), e latellang maqephe a hlahlobiloeng ntle le katleho le ho fokotsa matla a ho hlahloba hape. Ho nolofalletsa mokhoa o mocha, ho kenyelitsoe /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/smart_scan.
  • E kentse taelo e ncha ea ioctl PAGEMAP_SCAN, eo, ha e sebelisoa le userfaultfd(), e u lumellang hore u tsebe lintlha tsa ho ngola mofuteng o itseng oa memori. Sebopeho se secha, mohlala, se ka sebelisoa tsamaisong ea ho boloka le ho tsosolosa boemo ba mekhoa ea CRIU kapa lipapaling tse khahlanong le ho qhekella.
  • Tsamaisong ea kopano, haeba motlatsi oa Clang a le teng, kopano ea mehlala ea ho sebelisa subsystem ea perf, e ngotsoeng e le mananeo a BPF, e lumelloa ka ho sa feleng.
  • Lera la khale la videobuf, le neng le sebelisetsoa ho laola li-framebuffers tsamaisong e ka tlaase ea mecha ea litaba 'me la nkeloa sebaka ke ts'ebetsong e ncha ea videobuf10 lilemong tse fetang 2 tse fetileng, e tlositsoe.
• Virtualization le Tšireletso
  • Bokhoni ba ho encrypt data ka li-blocks tse nyane ho feta boholo ba block ho sistimi ea faele bo kentsoe ho fscrypt subsystem. Sena se ka 'na sa hlokoa ho nolofalletsa mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa hardware e tšehetsang li-blocks tse nyenyane feela (mohlala, balaoli ba UFS ba tšehetsang feela boholo ba 4096 block bo ka sebelisoa ka tsamaiso ea faele e nang le 16K block size).
  • Setsi sa "iommufd", se u lumellang hore u tsamaise litafole tsa maqephe a memori ea IOMMU (I/O Memory-Management) ka litlhaloso tsa faele tse tsoang sebakeng sa mosebelisi, e kentse mohlala oa data e so hlakoloe ho tsoa ho cache (e litšila) bakeng sa DMA. ts'ebetso, e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho khetholla mohopolo ka data e sa hlakang nakong ea ho falla ha ts'ebetso.
  • Tšehetso ea ho hlalosa melao ea ho laola ho fihlella bakeng sa li-sockets tsa TCP e kenyelelitsoe mochine oa Landlock, o u lumellang ho fokotsa ho sebelisana ha sehlopha sa mekhoa le tikoloho ea ka ntle. Ka mohlala, o ka etsa molao o lumellang feela ho fihlella boema-kepe ba 443 ho theha likhokahano tsa HTTPS.
  • The AppArmor subsystem e ekelitse bokhoni ba ho laola phihlello ea mochini oa io_uring le ho theha libaka tsa mabitso a basebelisi, e u lumellang hore u ikhethele ho lumella ho fihlella bokhoni bona lits'ebetsong tse itseng feela.
  • E kentse bopaki ba mochini oa API ho netefatsa bonnete ba ts'ebetso ea ho qalisa mochini.
  • Litsamaiso tsa LoongArch li tšehetsa virtualization ho sebelisa hypervisor ea KVM.
  • Ha u sebelisa hypervisor ea KVM ho litsamaiso tsa RISC-V, ts'ehetso bakeng sa katoloso ea Smstateen e hlahile, e thibelang mochine oa sebele ho fumana li-registas tsa CPU tse sa tšehetsoeng ka ho hlaka ke hypervisor. E boetse e ekelitsoe ts'ehetso bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea katoloso ea Zicond lits'ebetsong tsa baeti, e lumellang ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso e nang le maemo a felletseng.
  • Lits'ebetsong tsa baeti tse thehiloeng ho x86 tse sebetsang tlas'a KVM, li-CPU tse ka bang 4096 li lumelloa.
• Sistimi e nyane ea marang-rang
  • Mokhanni oa NVMe-TCP (NVMe over TCP), e u lumellang hore u fihlele li-drive tsa NVMe holim'a marang-rang (NVM Express over Fabrics) u sebelisa protocol ea TCP, e ekelitse tšehetso ea ho koala mocha oa phetisetso ea data ho sebelisa TLS (ho sebelisa KTLS le ts'ebetso ea morao-rao." sebakeng sa mosebedisi tlshd bakeng sa puisano ya kgokelo).
  • Ts'ebetso ea mohlophisi oa pakete ea fq (Fair Queuing) e ile ea ntlafatsoa, ​​e leng se entseng hore ho khonehe ho eketsa phallo ka 5% tlas'a meroalo e boima tekong ea tcp_rr (TCP Request/Response) le 13% ka phallo e sa lekanyetsoang ea lipakete tsa UDP.
  • TCP e eketsa bokhoni ba "microsecond-precision timestamp" (TCP TS) (RFC 7323), e lumellang hore ho be le tekanyo e nepahetseng ea latency le li-module tse tsoetseng pele tsa taolo ea congestion. Ho e nolofalletsa, o ka sebelisa taelo "ip route add 10/8 ... features tcp_usec_ts".
  • TCP stack e ekelitse tšehetso bakeng sa katoloso ea TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option, RFC 5925), e etsang hore ho khonehe ho netefatsa lihlooho tsa TCP ho sebelisa likhoutu tsa MAC (Khoutu ea Tiiso ea Molaetsa), ho sebelisoa li-algorithms tsa morao-rao HMAC-SHA1 le CMAC-AES- 128 ho fapana le khetho ea TCP-MD5 e neng e fumaneha pele e ipapisitse le algorithm ea lefa la MD5.
  • Ho ekelitsoe mofuta o mocha oa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang "netkit", logic ea phetisetso ea data e behiloeng ho sebelisoa lenaneo la BPF.
  • KSMBD, ts'ebetsong ea boemo ba kernel ea seva ea SMB, e ekelitse ts'ehetso bakeng sa ho rarolla mabitso a lifaele a nang le lipara tsa pele tsa litlhaku tse kopaneng.
  • NFS e ntlafalitse ts'ebetsong ea likhoele ka litšebeletso tsa RPC. Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa moifo oa ho ngola (bakeng sa NFSv4.1+). NFSD e kentse tšehetso bakeng sa rpc_status netlink handler. Tšehetso e ntlafetseng bakeng sa bareki ba NFSv4.x ha u romela thepa hape ho knfsd.
• Lisebelisoa
  • Tšehetso ea pele ea firmware ea GSP-RM e kenyelelitsoe mojuleng oa kernel oa Nouveau, o sebelisoang ho NVIDIA RTX 20+ GPU ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea ho qala le ho laola GPU ka lehlakoreng la GSP microcontroller e arohaneng (GPU System Processor). Tšehetso ea GSP-RM e lumella mokhanni oa Nouveau hore a sebetse ka mehala ea firmware, ho e-na le ho etsa litšebelisano tsa hardware ka ho toba, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo haholo ho eketsa tšehetso bakeng sa li-GPU tse ncha tsa NVIDIA ka ho sebelisa mehala e entsoeng esale pele bakeng sa ho qala le ho laola matla.
  • Mokhanni oa AMDGPU o tšehetsa GC 11.5, NBIO 7.11, SMU 14, SMU 13.0 OD, DCN 3.5, VPE 6.1 le DML2. Ts'ehetso e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa ho kenya seamless (ha ho na ho thothomela ha o chencha mokhoa oa video).
  • Mokhanni oa i915 o eketsa tšehetso bakeng sa li-chips tsa Intel Meteor Lake mme o eketsa ts'ebetsong ea pele ea Intel LunarLake (Xe 2).
  • Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa liteishene tsa phetisetso ea asymmetric e kenyellelitsoeng ho USB4 v2 (120/40G) litlhaloso.
  • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa ARM SoC: Qualcomm Snapdragon 720G (e sebelisoang ho li-smartphones tsa Xiaomi), AMD Pensando Elba, Renesas, R8A779F4 (R-Car S4-8), USRobotics USR8200 (e sebelisoang ho li-routers le NAS).
  • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa smartphone ea Fairphone 5 le liboto tsa ARM Orange Pi 5, QuartzPro64, Turing RK1, Variscite MX6, BigTreeTech CB1, Freescale LX2162, Google Spherion, Google Hayato, Genio 1200 EVK, RK3566 Powkiddy RGB30.
  • Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa liboto tsa RISC-V Milk-V Pioneer le Milk-V Duo.
  • Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa likhokahano tsa molumo tsa lilaptop tsa HUAWEI tse fanoeng ka li-CPU tsa AMD. Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa libui tse ling tse kentsoeng ho lilaptop tsa Dell Oasis 13/14/16. Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa libui tse hahelletsoeng ASUS K6500ZC. Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa letšoao la semumu ho lilaptop tsa HP 255 G8 le G10. Tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa li-driver tsa audio tsa acp6.3. Ts'ehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa lihokelo tsa ho rekota tsa Focusrite Clarett+ 2Pre le 4Pre.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, Latin American Free Software Foundation e thehile mofuta oa kernel ea mahala 6.7 - Linux-libre 6.7-gnu, e hlakotsoeng ea likarolo tsa firmware le bakhanni ba nang le likarolo tse sa lefelloeng kapa likarolo tsa khoutu, tseo boholo ba tsona bo lekantsoeng. ka moetsi. Tokollong ea 6.7, khoutu ea ho hloekisa blob e ntlafalitsoe ho bakhanni ba fapaneng le lits'ebetso tse nyane, mohlala, ho amdgpu, nouveau, adreno, mwifiex, mt7988, ath11k, avs le li-driver tsa btqca. Khoutu ea ho hloekisa localtalk le bakhanni ba rtl8192u e tlositsoe ka lebaka la ho qheleloa ka thoko ho kernel. E tlositse likarolo tse sa hlokahaleng bakeng sa ho hloekisa bakhanni ba xhci-pci, rtl8xxxu le rtw8822b, tseo pele li kentsoeng ka phoso. E hloekisitse mabitso a blob lifaeleng tsa dts bakeng sa meralo ea Aarch64. E tlositse li-blobs ho bakhanni ba bacha mt7925, tps6598x, aw87390 le aw88399.

Source: opennet.ru