Litšitiso ho nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor ha e sa tšoana le mekoallo, empa marako a malelele. Leha ho le joalo indasteri e ntse e hatela pele mohato ka mohato, ho latela bopaki bo matla bo nkiloeng lilemong tse 55 tse fetileng. . Leha ho na le lipehelo, palo ea li-transistors ka li-chips e ntse e eketseha habeli lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli.
E le hore u se ke ua hloka motheo ke li-analytics tsa IC Insights ka boemo ba 'maraka oa semiconductor ka 2020. Tlaleho e kenyelletsa nalane ea nts'etsopele ea limmaraka tse kholo ho tloha ka 71: memori ea DRAM, memori ea flash ea NAND, li-microprocessors le li-graphics processors.
Bahlahlobisisi ba hlokomela hore lilemong tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15 tse fetileng, lintlha tse kang tšebeliso ea matla le mefokolo ea sekhahla li qalile ho susumetsa ka matla sekhahla sa kholo ea palo ea li-transistors lihlahisoa tse ling tse kopaneng. Empa ka kakaretso, tsoelo-pele e ncha le mekhoa e mecha ea ho qaptjoa le ho hlahisa li-chips li re lumella ho itšetleha ka ho boloka molao oa Moore o tsoelang pele.
Kahoo, palo ea li-transistors ho li-chips tsa DRAM e eketsehile ka sekhahla se ka bang 2000% ka selemo mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-45, empa e theohile ho 2016% ka selemo ho tloha 20 ka ho hlahisoa ha memori ea 16-Gbit ho tsoa ho Samsung. Tekanyetso ea DDR5, e ntseng e phetheloa ke JEDEC, e tla kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa monolithic tse nang le bokhoni ba 24 Gbit, 32 Gbit le 64 Gbit, e leng mokhoa o mocha oa ho fetela pele.
Kholo ea selemo le selemo ea mohopolo oa memori oa flash e ile ea lula ho 2012-55% ka selemo ho fihlela 60, empa esale e theohile ho 30-35% ka selemo. Bakeng sa li-memory flash memory chips, letsoalo le phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le 128 Gbit (data ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2020). Empa boholo bo boholo ba chip ea 3D NAND bo fihlile 1,33 Tbit bakeng sa memori ea 96-layer e nang le likotoana tse 'ne ka selefouno (QLC). Qetellong ea selemo, 1,5 Tbit 128-layer microcircuits e ts'episitsoe ho hlaha, ka keketseho e latelang ea bokhoni ba 2 Tbit.
Palo ea li-transistors ho Intel PC microprocessors e ile ea eketseha ka hoo e ka bang 2010% ka selemo ho fihlela 40, empa palo ena e ile ea theoha ka halofo lilemong tse latelang. Palo ea li-transistors e ntse e hola ho li-processor tsa seva tsa k'hamphani. Keketseho ena e ile ea emisa bohareng ba bo-2000 ho isa bofelong ba lilemo empa esale e qala hape ka sekhahla sa hoo e ka bang 25% ka selemo. Intel e ile ea emisa ho senola lintlha tsa lipalo tsa transistor ka 2017.
Palo ea li-transistors ho li-processor tsa Apple ho li-smartphones le matlapa a iPad e eketsehile ka 2013% ka selemo ho tloha 43. Palo ena e kenyelletsa lintlha tse tsoang ho processor ea A13 le li-transistors tsa eona tse limilione tse likete tse 8,5. Apple e lebelletsoe ho hlahisa iPad Pro e tsamaisoang ke processor e ncha ea A2020X halofong ea pele ea 13.
Li-GPU tse sebetsang hantle tsa NVIDIA li na le lipalo tse phahameng haholo tsa transistor. Ho fapana le li-microprocessors, li-GPU, tse nang le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba ho lumellana ha meralo, ha li na palo e kholo ea memori ea cache, e siea sebaka se sengata sa logic (transistors). Ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea k'hamphani ho ithuta ka mochini le li-accelerator tsa AI li tla matlafatsa mokhoa ona feela.
Source: 3dnews.ru