Ke leboha mongoli oa blog bakeng sa tlaleho ea hae
Selelekela
Lengolo lena le ngotsoe ka mor'a seboka 'me e na le kakaretso ea tlaleho eo ke faneng ka eona. Ketsahalo ena e etsahetse ka June St. Petersburg. Ha ke nahana hore ke sebetsa sebaka sa kopano, ke ne ke sitoa ho ithiba ho ea ketsahalong ena. Ka 2016 le 2017, ke ile ka mamela litlaleho tsa kopano, 'me selemong sena ke fane ka tlhahiso. Taba ea pele, ho hlahile sehlooho se khahlisang (ho bonahala ho 'na), seo re ntseng re tsoela pele ka sona , 'me ea bobeli, ka mor'a thuto e telele ea molao oa Russia Federation mabapi le leano la likotlo, khoebong eo ke sebetsang ho eona, ho ile ha hlaha li-license tse peli. .
Pele ke fetela sehloohong sa puo ea ka, ke rata ho hlokomela tlhophiso e ntle ea ketsahalo eo. Leqephe la ketelo la kopano le sebelisa setšoantšo sa Kazan Cathedral. Kathedrale ke e ’ngoe ea lintho tse ka sehloohong tse hohelang St. Petersburg ’me e bonahala ka ho hlaka holong eo kopano e tšoaretsoeng ho eona.
Monyako oa St. Petersburg State Economic University, barupeluoa ba ile ba kopana le bathusi ba tsoang har'a liithuti - ha baa ka ba ba lumella hore ba lahlehe. Nakong ea ho ngolisoa, ho ile ha fanoa ka lihopotso tse nyane (sebapali - spike e benyang, pene, lithupa tse nang le matšoao a Wolfram). Likhefu tsa lijo tsa motšehare le kofi le tsona li ile tsa kenyelletsoa kemisong ea kopano. Ke se ke hlokometse ka kofi e monate le liphae leboteng la sehlopha - baapehi ba hantle. Ka karolo ena ea selelekela, ke rata ho totobatsa hore ketsahalo ka boeona, sebopeho le sebaka sa eona li se li ntse li tlisa maikutlo a nepahetseng.
Tlaleho e lokiselitsoeng ke 'na le Kirill Belov e bitsoa "Ho sebelisa Wolfram Mathematica ho rarolla mathata a geophysics e sebelisitsoeng. Tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea data ea seismic kapa "moo linōka tsa khale li neng li phalla teng." Litaba tsa tlaleho li akaretsa likarolo tse peli: ea pele, tšebeliso ea li-algorithms tse fumanehang ho bakeng sa ho sekaseka data ea geophysical, 'me ea bobeli, ena ke mokhoa oa ho beha data ea geophysical ho Wolfram Mathematica.
Patlisiso ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše
Pele o hloka ho nka leeto le lekhuts'oane ho ea ho geophysics. Geophysics ke saense e ithutang sebopeho sa majoe. Ha e le hantle, kaha majoe a na le thepa e sa tšoaneng: motlakase, makenete, elastic, ho na le mekhoa e lumellanang ea geophysics: ho lebella motlakase, ho lebella matla a khoheli, ho ts'oara ha seismic ... Moelelong oa sehlooho sena, re tla tšohla feela tebello ea seismic ka ho qaqileng. Ho hlahlojoa ha litšisinyeho tsa lefatše ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho batla oli le khase. Mokgwa o itshetlehile hodima ho hlasimoloha ha ho thothomela ha rekere le ho rekota ka morao ho karabo e tswang majweng a qapang sebaka sa boithuto. Litšisinyeho li natefeloa lefatšeng (ka mehloli ea dynamite kapa e sa phatlohang ea ho sisinyeha ha rekere) kapa leoatleng (ka lithunya tsa moea). Li-vibrations tse matla li ata ka har'a lejoe la majoe, li ntse li ts'oaroa le ho bontšoa meeling ea lihlopha tse nang le thepa e fapaneng. Maqhubu a bonts'itsoeng a khutlela holimo 'me a tlalehoa ke li-geophone holim'a naha (hangata lisebelisoa tsa electrodynamic tse thehiloeng ho motsamao oa makenete e emisitsoeng ka coil) kapa li-hydrophone leoatleng (tse thehiloeng ho phello ea piezoelectric). Nakong ea ho fihla ha maqhubu, motho a ka ahlola botebo ba likarolo tsa jeoloji.
Thepa e hulang sekepe sa seismic
Sethunya sa moea se etsa hore motho a thothomele
Maqhubu a feta har'a majoe a majoe 'me a tlalehoa ke li-hydrophone
Sekepe sa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka geophysical "Ivan Gubkin" sebakeng sa boema-kepe haufi le Borokho ba Blagoveshchensky St.
Moetso oa lets'oao la seismic
Majoe a na le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa 'mele. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tšisinyeho ea lefatše, thepa ea elastic e bohlokoa haholo - lebelo la phatlalatso ea ho sisinyeha ha rekere le letsoalo. Haeba lihlopha tse peli li na le thepa e tšoanang kapa e tšoanang, joale leqhubu "le ke ke la hlokomela" moeli o pakeng tsa bona. Haeba maqhubu a maqhubu a lihlopha a fapane, joale ho nahanisisa ho tla etsahala moeling oa lihlopha. Phapang e kholoanyane ea thepa, ponahalo e matla haholoanyane. Matla a eona a tla khethoa ke coefficient ea reflectance (rc):
moo ρ e leng mokoloko oa majoe, ν ke lebelo la maqhubu, 1 le 2 li bontša likarolo tse ka holimo le tse ka tlaase.
E 'ngoe ea mefuta e bonolo le e sebelisoang khafetsa ea mats'oao a ts'isinyeho ea lefatše ke mohlala oa convolution, ha sesupo sa ho sisinyeha se rekotiloeng se emeloa e le sephetho sa tatellano ea li-coefficients tse bonts'itsoeng ka molumo oa ho lekola:
moo s(t) - mohlala oa seismic, i.e. ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlalehiloeng ke hydrophone kapa geophone ka nako e behiloeng ea ho rekota, w(t) - lets'oao le hlahisoang ke sethunya sa moea, n(t) - lerata le sa reroang.
A re ke re bale mohlala oa mokhoa oa maiketsetso oa seismic. Re tla sebelisa Ricker pulse, e sebelisoang haholo tlhahlobong ea seismic, joalo ka lets'oao la pele.
length=0.050; (*Signal lenght*)
dt=0.001;(*Sample rate of signal*)
t=Range[-length/2,(length)/2,dt];(*Signal time*)
f=35;(*Central frequency*)
wavelet=(1.0-2.0*(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2))*Exp[-(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2)];
ListLinePlot[wavelet, Frame->True,PlotRange->Full,Filling->Axis,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Initial wavelet",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
FillingStyle->{White,Black},ImageSize->Large,InterpolationOrder->2]Tšusumetso ea tšisinyeho ea pele
Re tla beha meeli e 'meli botebong ba 300 ms le 600 ms, 'me li-coefficients tsa reflection e tla ba linomoro tse sa reroang.
rcExample=ConstantArray[0,1000];
rcExample[[300]]=RandomReal[{-1,0}];
rcExample[[600]]=RandomReal[{0,1}];
ListPlot[rcExample,Filling->0,Frame->True,Axes->False,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Reflection Coefficients",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Tatelano ea li-coefficients tse bonahatsang
Ha re bale le ho bonts'a mohlala oa ho sisinyeha ha lefatše. Kaha li-coefficients tse bonahatsang li na le matšoao a fapaneng, re fumana likhakanyo tse peli tse fapanyetsanang ho latela sesmic trace.
traceExamle=ListConvolve[wavelet[[1;;;;1]],rcExample];
ListPlot[traceExamle,
PlotStyle->Black,Filling->0,Frame->True,Axes->False,
PlotLabel->Style["Seismic trace",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Pina e etsisoang
Bakeng sa mohlala ona, hoa hlokahala ho etsa pehelo - ha e le hantle, botebo ba lihlopha bo ikemiselitsoe, ha e le hantle, ka limithara, 'me palo ea ts'ebetso ea seismic e etsahala bakeng sa sebaka sa nako. E ka ba ho nepahetseng haholoanyane ho beha botebo ka limithara le ho bala linako tsa ho fihla ho tseba mabelo a lihlopha. Tabeng ena, hang-hang ke ile ka beha lihlopha holima axis ea nako.
Haeba re bua ka lipatlisiso tsa tšimo, joale ka lebaka la litebello tse joalo ho tlalehiloe palo e kholo ea letoto la nako e tšoanang (mesaletsa ea seismic). Ka mohlala, ha u ithuta sebaka se bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 25 le bophara ba lik'hilomithara tse 15, moo, ka lebaka la mosebetsi, mohlala o mong le o mong o khethollang sele e ka bang 25x25 metres (sele e joalo e bitsoa bin), lethathamo la ho qetela la data le tla ba le litsela tse 600000. Ka nako ea sampuli ea 1 ms le nako ea ho rekota ea metsotsoana ea 5, faele ea ho qetela ea data e tla ba ho feta 11 GB, 'me molumo oa thepa ea pele "e tala" e ka ba li-gigabytes tse makholo.
Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa le bona ?
Package
Ntlafatso ea sephutheloana e ile ea qala leboteng la VK la sehlopha sa tšehetso se buang Serussia. Ka lebaka la likarabelo tsa sechaba, tharollo e ile ea fumanoa kapele haholo. 'Me ka lebaka leo, e ile ea hōla ho ba tsoelo-pele e tebileng. E tsamaellanang E bile e tšoailoe ke batsamaisi. Hajoale, sephutheloana se ts'ehetsa ho sebetsa le mefuta e latelang ea data e sebelisoang ka mafolofolo indastering ea jeoloji:
- ho kenngoa ha 'mapa ka lifomate tsa ZMAP le IRAP
- ho kenngoa ha litekanyo ka liliba tsa sebopeho sa LAS
- tlhahiso le tlhahiso ea sebopeho sa lifaele tsa seismic
Ho kenya sephutheloana, o tlameha ho latela litaelo tse leqepheng la download la sephutheloana se bokaneng, i.e. phethisa khoutu e latelang ho efe kapa efe :
If[PacletInformation["GeologyIO"] === {}, PacletInstall[URLDownload[
"https://wolfr.am/FiQ5oFih",
FileNameJoin[{CreateDirectory[], "GeologyIO-0.2.2.paclet"}]
]]]Ka mor'a moo sephutheloana se tla kenngoa foldareng ea kamehla, tsela e ka fumanoang ka tsela e latelang:
FileNameJoin[{$UserBasePacletsDirectory, "Repository"}]Ka mohlala, re tla bontša bokhoni bo ka sehloohong ba sephutheloana. Mohala o etsoa ka tloaelo bakeng sa liphutheloana ka Puo ea Wolfram:
Get["GeologyIO`"]Sephutheloana se etsoa ho sebelisoa . Sena se o lumella ho tsamaisana le ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea sephutheloana ka litokomane, tseo ho ea ka sebopeho sa tlhahiso e sa fapaneng le litokomane tsa Wolfram Mathematica ka boeona, le ho fana ka sephutheloana ka lifaele tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa motho oa pele eo u mo tsebang.
Faele e joalo, haholo-holo, ke "Marmousi.segy" - ena ke mohlala oa maiketsetso oa karolo ea jeoloji, e entsoeng ke French Petroleum Institute. Ba sebelisa mohlala ona, bahlahisi ba leka li-algorithms tsa bona bakeng sa mohlala oa wave field modelling, data processing, seismic trace inversion, joalo-joalo. Mohlala oa Marmous ka boeona o bolokiloe sebakeng sa polokelo ho tloha moo sephutheloana ka bosona se jarollotsoeng. Ho fumana faele, tsamaisa khoutu e latelang:
If[Not[FileExistsQ["Marmousi.segy"]],
URLDownload["https://wolfr.am/FiQGh7rk", "Marmousi.segy"];]
marmousi = SEGYImport["Marmousi.segy"]Sephetho sa ho reka kantle - SEGYData ntho
Sebopeho sa SEGY se kenyelletsa ho boloka lintlha tse fapaneng mabapi le litebello. Taba ea pele, tsena ke litlhaloso tsa mongolo. Sena se kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sebaka sa mosebetsi, mabitso a lik'hamphani tse entseng litekanyo, joalo-joalo. Tabeng ea rona, hlooho ena e bitsoa ka kopo e nang le konopo ea TextHeader. Sehlooho se khutsufalitsoeng ke sena:
Short[marmousi["TextHeader"]]"Seteishene sa data sa Marmous se entsoe Setsing ... lebelo le tlase la 1500 m/s le boholo ba 5500 m/s)"
U ka bonts'a mofuta oa 'nete oa jeoloji ka ho fihlella mesaletsa ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše u sebelisa konopo ea "traces" (e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa sephutheloana ke hore linotlolo ha li na taba):
ArrayPlot[Transpose[marmousi["traces"]], PlotTheme -> "Detailed"]Mohlala oa Marmous
Hona joale, sephutheloana se boetse se u lumella ho kenya data likarolong tse tsoang ho lifaele tse kholo, ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho sebetsana le lifaele tseo boholo ba tsona bo ka fihlang ho li-gigabytes tse mashome. Mesebetsi ea sephutheloana e boetse e kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea ho romela data ho .segy le ho kenyelletsa karolo e itseng qetellong ea faele.
Ka thoko, hoa bohlokoa ho ela hloko ts'ebetso ea sephutheloana ha u sebetsa le sebopeho se rarahaneng sa lifaele tsa .segy. Kaha e u lumella hore u se ke ua fumana mekhoa le lihlooho tsa motho ka mong ho sebelisa linotlolo le li-index, empa hape le ho li fetola ebe u li ngolla faeleng. Lintlha tse ngata tsa tekheniki mabapi le ts'ebetsong ea GeologyIO li feta boholo ba sengoloa sena mme mohlomong li lokeloa ke tlhaloso e fapaneng.
Bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo ea spectral tlhahlobo ea seismic
Bokhoni ba ho kenya data ea seismic ho Wolfram Mathematica bo u lumella ho sebelisa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mats'oao e hahelletsoeng bakeng sa data ea liteko. Kaha mohlala o mong le o mong oa ho sisinyeha ha lefatše o emela letoto la nako, e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa ho ithuta tsona ke tlhahlobo ea spectral. Har'a lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho sekaseka sebopeho sa khafetsa sa data ea seismic, re ka bolela, mohlala, tse latelang:
- Mefuta e fapaneng ea maqhubu e khetholloa ka ho hlophisoa ha maqhubu a fapaneng. Sena se o lumella ho totobatsa maqhubu a bohlokoa le ho hatella maqhubu a tšitiso.
- Lintho tsa majoe tse kang porosity le saturation li ka ama sebopeho sa maqhubu. Sena se etsa hore ho khonehe ho khetholla majoe a nang le thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa.
- Mekhahlelo e nang le botenya bo fapaneng e baka liphapang lipakeng tsa maqhubu a fapaneng.
Ntlha ea boraro ke eona e ka sehloohong moelelong oa sehlooho sena. Ka tlase ho na le sekhechana sa khoutu bakeng sa ho bala mesaletsa ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše molemong oa lera le nang le botenya bo fapaneng - mohlala oa wedge. Moetso ona ka tloaelo o ithutoa boithutong ba litšisinyeho tsa lefatše ho sekaseka litlamorao tsa tšitiso ha maqhubu a bonahatsoang ho tsoa likarolong tse ngata a sutumetsana.
nx=200;(* Number of grid points in X direction*)
ny=200;(* Number of grid points in Y direction*)
T=2;(*Total propagation time*)
(*Velocity and density*)
modellv=Table[4000,{i,1,ny},{j,1,nx}];(* P-wave velocity in m/s*)
rho=Table[2200,{i,1,ny},{j,1,nx}];(* Density in g/cm^3, used constant density*)
Table[modellv[[150-Round[i*0.5];;,i]]=4500;,{i,1,200}];
Table[modellv[[;;70,i]]=4500;,{i,1,200}];
(*Plotting model*)
MatrixPlot[modellv,PlotLabel->Style["Model of layer",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Mohlala oa sebopeho sa pinch-out
Lebelo la maqhubu ka har'a wedge ke 4500 m/s, ka ntle ho wedge 4000 m/s, 'me density e nkoa e le 2200 g/cm³. Bakeng sa mohlala o joalo, re bala li-coefficients tsa reflection le traces ea seismic.
rc=Table[N[(modellv[[All,i]]-PadLeft[modellv[[All,i]],201,4000][[1;;200]])/(modellv[[All,i]]+PadLeft[modellv[[All,i]],201,4500][[1;;200]])],{i,1,200}];
traces=Table[ListConvolve[wavelet[[1;;;;1]],rc[[i]]],{i,1,200}];
starttrace=10;
endtrace=200;
steptrace=10;
trasenum=Range[starttrace,endtrace,steptrace];
traserenum=Range[Length@trasenum];
tracedist=0.5;
Rotate[Show[
Reverse[Table[
ListLinePlot[traces[[trasenum[[i]]]]*50+trasenum[[i]]*tracedist,Filling->{1->{trasenum[[i]]*tracedist,{RGBColor[0.97,0.93,0.68],Black}}},PlotStyle->Directive[Gray,Thin],PlotRange->Full,InterpolationOrder->2,Axes->False,Background->RGBColor[0.97,0.93,0.68]],
{i,1,Length@trasenum}]],ListLinePlot[Transpose[{ConstantArray[45,80],Range[80]}],PlotStyle->Red],PlotRange->All,Frame->True],270Degree]Mesaletsa ea seismic bakeng sa mohlala oa wedge
Tatelano ea mesaletsa ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše e bontšitsoeng setšoantšong sena e bitsoa karolo ea sesmic. Joalokaha u ka bona, tlhaloso ea eona e ka boela ea etsoa ka mokhoa o utloahalang, kaha geometry ea maqhubu a bonahalitsoeng e lumellana ka ho hlaka le mohlala o boletsoeng pejana. Haeba u sekaseka mesaletsa ka botlalo, u tla hlokomela hore ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho hoo e ka bang 30 ha ho fapane - ponahatso e tsoang marulelong a sebopeho le ho tloha tlase ha e kopane. Ho qala ho latela mohlala oa 31, menahano e qala ho kena-kenana. 'Me, leha ho le joalo ka mohlala, li-coefficients tse bonahatsang ha li fetohe ka mokhoa o otlolohileng - mesaletsa ea seismic e fetola matla a eona ha botenya ba sebopeho bo fetoha.
A re nahaneng ka boholo ba ho bonahatsa ho tloha moeling o ka holimo oa sebopeho. Ho qala ho tloha tseleng ea 60, matla a ho bonahatsa a qala ho eketseha 'me tseleng ea 70 e fetoha e phahameng. Ena ke tsela eo ho kena-kenana ha maqhubu ho tloha marulelong le tlase ho lihlopha ho iponahatsang, e leng se lebisang maemong a mang ho tse ling tse sa tloaelehang tlalehong ea seismic.
ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[traces[[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],
InterpolationOrder->2,Frame->True,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Amplitude of reflection",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
PlotRange->All]Kerafo ea amplitude ea leqhubu le bonahalitsoeng ho tloha pheletsong e kaholimo ea chesele
Hoa utloahala hore ha letšoao le le tlaase-frequency, tšitiso e qala ho hlaha ka bongata bo boholo ba sebopeho, 'me tabeng ea pontšo e phahameng ea maqhubu, ho kena-kenana ho etsahala ka botenya bo nyane. Poleloana e latelang ea khoutu e theha lets'oao le nang le maqhubu a 35 Hz, 55 Hz le 85 Hz.
waveletSet=Table[(1.0-2.0*(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2))*Exp[-(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2)],
{f,{35,55,85}}];
ListLinePlot[waveletSet,PlotRange->Full,PlotStyle->Black,Frame->True,
PlotLabel->Style["Set of wavelets",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
ImageSize->Large,InterpolationOrder->2]Sehlopha sa matšoao a mohloli o nang le maqhubu a 35 Hz, 55Hz, 85Hz
Ka ho bala mesaletsa ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše le ho rala li-graph tsa maqhubu a maqhubu a bonts'itsoeng, re khona ho bona hore bakeng sa maqhubu a fapaneng ho bonoa botenya bo fapaneng ba sebopeho.
tracesSet=Table[ListConvolve[waveletSet[[j]][[1;;;;1]],rc[[i]]],{j,1,3},{i,1,200}];
lowFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[1]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
medFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[2]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
highFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[3]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
Show[lowFreq,medFreq,highFreq,PlotRange->{{0,100},All},
PlotLabel->Style["Amplitudes of reflection",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
Frame->True]Li-graph tsa amplitudes tsa leqhubu le bonts'itsoeng ho tloha pheletsong e kaholimo ea wedge bakeng sa maqhubu a fapaneng.
Bokhoni ba ho etsa liqeto mabapi le botenya ba sebopeho ho tsoa ho liphetho tsa litebello tsa tšisinyeho ea lefatše bo bohlokoa haholo, hobane e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea mantlha ea tlhahlobo ea oli ke ho lekola lintlha tse ts'episang ka ho fetisisa tsa ho beha seliba (ke hore, libaka tseo sebopeho se leng teng). motenya). Ho phaella moo, karolong ea geological ho ka 'na ha e-ba le lintho tseo liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa tsona li bakang phetoho e matla ho botenya ba sebopeho. Sena se etsa hore tlhahlobo ea spectral e be sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa ho li ithuta. Karolong e latelang ea sehlooho re tla tšohla lintho tse joalo tsa jeoloji ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane.
Lintlha tsa liteko. U li fumane hokae le hore na u batla eng ho tsona?
Lisebelisoa tse hlahlobiloeng sehloohong sena li ile tsa fumanoa Siberia Bophirimela. Sebaka seo, joalo ka ha motho e mong le e mong a tseba, ke sebaka se seholo se hlahisang oli naheng ea rona. Tsoelo-pele e sebetsang ea li-depositi e qalile sebakeng seo lilemong tsa bo-60 tsa lekholo le fetileng la lilemo. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho batla li-deposit tsa oli ke tlhahlobo ea seismic. Hoa thahasellisa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa satellite tsa sebaka sena. Ka tekanyo e nyane, o ka hlokomela palo e kholo ea mekhoabo le matša; ka ho holisa 'mapa, o ka bona libaka tsa ho cheka liliba tse kopaneng,' me ka ho holisa 'mapa ho isa moeling, o ka boela oa khetholla ho hlakoloa ha liprofinse tseo ho tsona ho sisinyehang ha lefatše. litebello li ile tsa etsoa.
Setšoantšo sa satellite sa limmapa tsa Yandex - sebaka sa toropo ea Noyabrsk
Marang-rang a liphaephe tsa seliba ho le leng la masimo
Majoe a nang le oli a Siberia Bophirimela a hlaha botebong bo fapaneng - ho tloha ho 1 km ho isa ho 5 km. Boholo ba majoe a nang le oli bo thehiloe mehleng ea Jurassic le Cretaceous. Nako ea Jurassic mohlomong e tsejoa ke ba bangata ho tsoa filiming ea lebitso le le leng. e ne e fapane haholo le ea kajeno. The Encyclopedia Britannica e na le letoto la paleomaps e khethollang nako e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea bophelo.
Nako ea hona joale
Nako ea Jurassic
Ka kopo hlokomela hore mehleng ea Jurassic, sebaka sa Siberia Bophirimela e ne e le lebōpo la leoatle (naha e tšeloa ke linōka le leoatle le sa tebang). Kaha boemo ba leholimo bo ne bo phutholohile, re ka nahana hore sebaka se tloaelehileng sa mehleng eo se ne se shebahala tjena:
Jurassic Siberia
Setšoantšong sena, se bohlokoa ho rona ha se haholo liphoofolo le linonyana, empa setšoantšo sa nōka ka morao. Noka ke eona ntho ea jeoloji eo re e emisitseng pejana. 'Nete ke hore mosebetsi oa linōka o lumella majoe a lehlabathe a hlophisitsoeng hantle hore a bokelle, ao joale a tla fetoha sebaka sa polokelo ea oli. Matamo ana a ka ba le sebopeho se makatsang, se rarahaneng (joaloka bethe ea noka) 'me a na le botenya bo fapaneng - haufi le mabōpo botenya bo nyane, empa haufi le bohareng ba kanale kapa libakeng tse teteaneng bo eketseha. Kahoo, linōka tse entsoeng ka Jurassic li se li le botebo ba lik'hilomithara tse ka bang tharo 'me ke ntho ea ho batla matamo a oli.
Lintlha tsa liteko. Tshebetso le pono
A re ke re behelle hang hang mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa seismic tse bontšitsoeng sengolong - ka lebaka la hore palo ea data e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo e bohlokoa - ke sekhechana feela sa sete sa mantlha sa mesaletsa ea tšisinyeho ea lefatše se kenyellelitsoeng sengolong sa sengoloa. Sena se tla lumella mang kapa mang ho hlahisa lipalo tse ka holimo.
Ha o sebetsa ka data ea seismic, setsebi sa geophysicist se sebelisa software e khethehileng (ho na le baetapele ba 'maloa ba indasteri bao nts'etsopele ea bona e sebelisoang ka mafolofolo, mohlala, Petrel kapa Paradigm), e u lumellang ho sekaseka mefuta e fapaneng ea data mme o na le sebopeho se bonolo sa graphical. Ho sa tsotellehe boiketlo bohle, mefuta ena ea software e boetse e na le mathata a eona - ka mohlala, ts'ebetsong ea li-algorithms tsa morao-rao liphetolelong tse tsitsitseng ho nka nako e ngata, 'me menyetla ea ho iketsetsa lipalo hangata e lekanyelitsoe. Boemong bo joalo, ho ba bonolo haholo ho sebelisa mekhoa ea lipalo tsa k'homphieutha le lipuo tse phahameng tsa lenaneo, tse lumellang tšebeliso ea motheo o pharaletseng oa algorithmic 'me, ka nako e ts'oanang, ho nka mekhoa e mengata. Ona ke molao-motheo o sebelisoang ho sebetsa le data ea seismic ho Wolfram Mathematica. Ha hoa nepahala ho ngola ts'ebetso e ruileng bakeng sa mosebetsi o kopanetsoeng le data - ho bohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa ho jarolla ho tsoa ho sebopeho se amoheloang ka kakaretso, ho sebelisa li-algorithms tse lakatsehang ho bona le ho li kenya hape ho sebopeho sa kantle.
Ka mor'a morero o reriloeng, re tla kenya data ea sesmic ea mantlha ebe re e hlahisa :
Get["GeologyIO`"]
seismic3DZipPath = "seismic3D.zip";
seismic3DSEGYPath = "seismic3D.sgy";
If[FileExistsQ[seismic3DZipPath], DeleteFile[seismic3DZipPath]];
If[FileExistsQ[seismic3DSEGYPath], DeleteFile[seismic3DSEGYPath]];
URLDownload["https://wolfr.am/FiQIuZuH", seismic3DZipPath];
ExtractArchive[seismic3DZipPath];
seismic3DSEGY = SEGYImport[seismic3DSEGYPath]Lintlha tse jarollotsoeng le tse tsoang kantle ho naha ka tsela ena ke litsela tse tlalehiloeng sebakeng se boholo ba 10 by 5 kilometers. Haeba lintlha li fumanoa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea litšisinyeho tse tharo (maqhubu ha a tlalehoa ho latela li-profiles tsa geophysical, empa sebakeng sohle ka nako e le 'ngoe), hoa khoneha ho fumana li-cubes tsa data ea seismic. Tsena ke lintho tse mahlakore a mararo, likarolo tse otlolohileng le tse tšekaletseng tse lumellang boithuto bo felletseng ba tikoloho ea jeoloji. Mohlaleng o nkiloeng, re sebetsana le data ea mahlakore a mararo. Re ka fumana lintlha ho tsoa ho sehlooho sa mongolo, joalo ka sena
StringPartition[seismic3DSEGY["textheader"], 80] // TableFormC 1 ENA KE DEMO FILE FOR GEOLOGYIO PACKAGE TEST
C 2
C 3
C 4
C 5 LETSATSI LEBITSO LA MOSEBETSI: WOLFRAM USER
C 6 LEBITSO LA LITLHAKISO: KAE-KAE-MANG SIBERIA
C 7 FILE MOFUTA 3D SEISMIC VOLUME
C 8
C 9
C10 Z RANGE: PELE 2200M LAST 2400M
Setha sena sa data se tla lekana hore re bonts'e mekhahlelo e meholo ea tlhahlobo ea data. Mesaletsa e faeleng e ngotsoe ka tatellano 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e shebahala e tšoana le setšoantšo se latelang - sena ke kabo ea maqhubu a maqhubu a bonts'itsoeng haufi le axis e otlolohileng (axis e tebileng).
ListLinePlot[seismic3DSEGY["traces"][[100]], InterpolationOrder -> 2,
PlotStyle -> Black, PlotLabel -> Style["Seismic trace", Black, 20],
LabelStyle -> Directive[Black, Italic], PlotRange -> All,
Frame -> True, ImageSize -> 1200, AspectRatio -> 1/5]E 'ngoe ea mesaletsa ea karolo ea seismic
Ka ho tseba hore na ho na le li-trace tse kae tse fumanehang sebakeng se seng le se seng sa sebaka seo ho ithutoang, u ka hlahisa lethathamo la lintlha tse tharo 'me ua le bontša ka mokhoa oa Image3D[].
traces=seismic3DSEGY["traces"];
startIL=1050;EndIL=2000;stepIL=2; (*координата Х начала и конца съёмки и шаг трасс*)
startXL=1165;EndXL=1615;stepXL=2; (*координата Y начала и конца съёмки и шаг трасс*)
numIL=(EndIL-startIL)/stepIL+1; (*количество трасс по оис Х*)
numXL=(EndXL-startXL)/stepIL+1; (*количество трасс по оис Y*)
Image3D[ArrayReshape[Abs[traces/Max[Abs[traces[[All,1;;;;4]]]]],{numIL,numXL,101}],ViewPoint->{-1, 0, 0},Background->RGBColor[0,0,0]]Setšoantšo sa 3D sa khubeu ea data e sisinyehang. (Mohala o otlolohileng - botebo)
Haeba likarolo tse khahlang tsa jeoloji li baka likhohlano tse matla tsa ho sisinyeha ha lefatše, joale lisebelisoa tsa pono tse nang le ponaletso li ka sebelisoa. Libaka "tse sa hlokahaleng" tsa ho rekota li ka etsoa tse sa bonahaleng, li siea feela li-anomalies tse bonahalang. Ho Wolfram Mathematica sena se ka etsoa ho sebelisoa и .
data = ArrayReshape[Abs[traces/Max[Abs[traces[[All,1;;;;4]]]]],{numIL,numXL,101}];
Graphics3D[{Opacity[0.1], Raster3D[data, ColorFunction->"RainbowOpacity"]},
Boxed->False, SphericalRegion->True, ImageSize->840, Background->None]Setšoantšo sa cube ea data ea seismic se sebelisa Opacity[] le mesebetsi ea Raster3D[]
Joalo ka mohlala oa maiketsetso, likarolong tsa cube ea pele motho a ka khetholla meeli e meng ea jeoloji (mekhahlelo) e nang le liphallelo tse fapaneng.
Sesebelisoa se seholo sa tlhahlobo ea spectral ke Fourier transform. Ka thuso ea eona, o ka lekola sekhahla sa amplitude-frequency ea mohlala kapa sehlopha sa mesaletsa. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a hore u fetisetse data ho frequency domain, tlhahisoleseding e lahleha ka nako efe (bala ka botebo bofe) liphetoho tsa maqhubu. E le ho khona ho beha liphetoho tsa mats'oao sebakeng sa nako (botebo) ho sebelisoa phetoho e nang le fensetere ea Fourier le ho bola ha maqhubu. Sengoliloeng sena se sebelisa ho bola ha maqhubu. Theknoloji ea tlhahlobo ea Wavelet e ile ea qala ho sebelisoa ka mafolofolo lipatlisisong tsa tšisinyeho ea lefatše lilemong tsa bo-90. Monyetla ho feta phetoho ea Fourier e kentsoeng fensetereng e nkuoa e le tharollo ea nako e betere.
U sebelisa sekhechana se latelang sa khoutu, u ka arola e 'ngoe ea mesaletsa ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše hore e be likarolo tse ikhethileng:
cwd=ContinuousWaveletTransform[seismicSection["traces"][[100]]]
Show[
ListLinePlot[Re[cwd[[1]]],PlotRange->All],
ListLinePlot[seismicSection["traces"][[100]],
PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All],ImageSize->{1500,500},AspectRatio->Full,
PlotLabel->Style["Wavelet decomposition",Black,32],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
PlotRange->All,
Frame->True]Ho bola hoa mohlala ka likaroloana
Ho lekola hore na matla a ho bonahatsa a ajoa joang ka linako tse fapaneng tsa ho fihla ha maqhubu, ho sebelisoa li-scalograms (tse tšoanang le spectrogram). E le molao, ts'ebetsong ha ho hlokahale ho hlahloba likarolo tsohle. Ka tloaelo, likarolo tse tlaase, tse bohareng le tse phahameng li khethoa.
freq=(500/(#*contWD["Wavelet"]["FourierFactor"]))&/@(Thread[{Range[contWD["Octaves"]],1}]/.contWD["Scales"])//Round;
ticks=Transpose[{Range[Length[freq]],freq}];
WaveletScalogram[contWD,Frame->True,FrameTicks->{{ticks,Automatic},Automatic},FrameTicksStyle->Directive[Orange,12],
FrameLabel->{"Time","Frequency(Hz)"},LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Bold,14],
ColorFunction->"RustTones",ImageSize->Large]Scalogram. Sephetho sa mosebetsi
Puo ea Wolfram e sebelisa ts'ebetso bakeng sa phetoho ea maqhubu . 'Me ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ena ho sehlopha sohle sa mesaletsa e tla etsoa ho sebelisoa ts'ebetso . Mona ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela e 'ngoe ea matla a Wolfram Mathematica - bokhoni ba ho sebelisa parallelization . Mohlala o ka holimo, ha ho hlokahale hore ho be le parallelization - palo ea data ha e kholo, empa ha u sebetsa le lisebelisoa tsa liteko tse nang le litsela tse makholo a likete, sena ke tlhokahalo.
tracesCWD=Table[Map[Hilbert[#,0]&,Re[ContinuousWaveletTransform[traces[[i]]][[1]]][[{13,15,18}]]],{i,1,Length@traces}]; Ka mor'a ho sebelisa tshebetso Ho hlaha li-data tse ncha tse tsamaellanang le maqhubu a khethiloeng. Mohlaleng o ka holimo, maqhubu ana ke: 38Hz, 33Hz, 27Hz. Khetho ea maqhubu hangata e etsoa motheong oa tlhahlobo - ba fumana limmapa tse sebetsang bakeng sa motsoako o fapaneng oa maqhubu 'me ba khetha e rutang haholo ho tloha ponong ea setsebi sa jeoloji.
Haeba u hloka ho arolelana liphetho le basebetsi-'moho kapa u li fe moreki, u ka sebelisa SEGYExport[] ts'ebetso ea sephutheloana sa GeologyIO.
outputdata=seismic3DSEGY;
outputdata["traces",1;;-1]=tracesCWD[[All,3]];
outputdata["textheader"]="Wavelet Decomposition Result";
outputdata["binaryheader","NumberDataTraces"]=Length[tracesCWD[[All,3]]];
SEGYExport["D:result.segy",outputdata];Ka tse tharo tsa li-cubes tsena (li-frequency tse tlase, maqhubu a mahareng, le likarolo tse phahameng), motsoako oa RGB hangata o sebelisoa ho bona data hammoho. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e abeloa 'mala oa eona - e khubelu, e tala, e putsoa. Ho Wolfram Mathematica sena se ka etsoa ka ts'ebetso .
Phello ke litšoantšo tseo tlhaloso ea jeoloji e ka etsoang ho tsona. Li-menders tse tlalehiloeng karolong ena li etsa hore ho khonehe ho hlalosa li-paleochannels, tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba matamo le ho ba le mehloli ea oli. Ho batlisisa le ho hlahloba li-analogue tsa morao-rao tsa tsamaiso e joalo ea linōka ho re thusa ho fumana likarolo tse tšepisang ka ho fetisisa tsa li-menders. Likanale ka botsona li khetholloa ka likarolo tse teteaneng tsa lehlabathe le hlophiloeng hantle 'me ke sebaka se setle sa polokelo ea oli. Libaka tse ka ntle ho "lace" anomalies li tšoana le li-deposit tsa sejoale-joale tsa likhohola. Lichelete tsa likhohola li emeloa haholo ke majoe a letsopa 'me ho cheka libakeng tsena ho ke ke ha sebetsa.
Sekhechana sa RGB sa cube ea data. Bohareng (hanyenyane ho ea ka letsohong le letšehali la bohareng) u ka sala morao noka e tsoelipanang.
Sekhechana sa RGB sa cube ea data. Ka lehlakoreng le letšehali u ka latela nōka e tsoelipanang.
Maemong a mang, boleng ba data ea seismic bo lumella litšoantšo tse hlakileng haholoanyane. Sena se itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa ho sebetsa tšimong, thepa e sebelisoang ke algorithm ea ho fokotsa lerata. Maemong a joalo, ha se likaroloana feela tsa litsamaiso tsa linōka tse bonahalang, empa hape le linōka tse atolositsoeng tsa paleo.
Ho kopanya RGB ea likarolo tse tharo tsa cube ea data ea seismic (selae se tšekaletseng). Botebo bo ka bang 2 km.
Setšoantšo sa satellite sa Noka ea Volga haufi le Saratov
fihlela qeto e
Wolfram Mathematica e u lumella ho sekaseka datha ea ho sisinyeha ha lefatše le ho rarolla mathata a sebelisitsoeng a amanang le tlhahlobo ea liminerale, mme sephutheloana sa GeologyIO se etsa hore ts'ebetso ena e be bonolo haholoanyane. Sebopeho sa data ea seismic ke hore ho sebelisa mekhoa e hahelletsoeng ho potlakisa lipalo (, ,…) e sebetsa hantle ebile e u lumella ho sebetsana le data e ngata. Ho isa tekanyong e kholo, sena se nolofalloa ke likarolo tsa polokelo ea data tsa sephutheloana sa GeologyIO. Ka tsela, sephutheloana se ka sebelisoa eseng feela tšimong ea tlhahlobo ea seismic e sebelisitsoeng. Hoo e ka bang mefuta e tšoanang ea data e sebelisoa ho radar e kenang fatše le seismology. Haeba u na le litlhahiso mabapi le mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa sephetho, e leng li-algorithms tsa tlhahlobo ea mats'oao ho tsoa ho arsenal ea Wolfram Mathematica e sebetsang ho data e joalo, kapa haeba u na le maikutlo a bohlokoa, ka kopo. tlohela maikutlo.
Source: www.habr.com