Ka la 25 August, 1991, ka mor'a likhoeli tse hlano tsa tsoelo-pele, seithuti se lilemo li 21 Linus Torvalds. sehlopheng sa litaba sa comp.os.minix mabapi le ho theoa ha prototype e sebetsang ea sistimi e ncha ea ts'ebetso ea Linux, eo ho ile ha hlokomeloa ho phetheloa ha porting bash 1.08 le gcc 1.40. Phatlalatso ea pele ea sechaba ea Linux kernel e phatlalalitsoe ka September 17th. Ea mantlha e ne e na le boholo ba 62 KB ka foromo e hatelitsoeng mme e na le mela e ka bang likete tse 10 ea khoutu ea mohloli. Linux kernel ea sejoale-joale e na le mela e fetang limilione tse 26 ea khoutu. Ho ea ka phuputso ea 2010 e rometsoeng ke European Union, litšenyehelo tse hakanyetsoang tsa ho theha morero ho tloha qalong o ts'oanang le Linux kernel ea sejoale-joale e tla ba. Lidolara tsa US (palo e entsoe ha kernel e na le mela e limilione tse 13 ea khoutu), ho latela likhakanyo - .
Linux kernel e bululetsoe ke tsamaiso ea MINIX, eo Linus a sa kang a e rata ka lebaka la tumello ea eona e fokolang. Kamora moo, ha Linux e fetoha projeke e tsebahalang, batho ba sa tsotelleng ba ile ba leka ho qosa Linus ka ho kopitsa khoutu ea lits'ebetso tse ling tsa MINIX ka kotloloho. Tlhaselo eo e ile ea hlakoloa ke Andrew Tanenbaum, mongoli oa MINIX, ea ileng a abela e mong oa liithuti tsa hae ho etsa papiso e qaqileng ea khoutu ea Minix le liphetolelo tsa pele tsa sechaba tsa Linux. lipatlisiso li bonts'itse feela tse 'ne tse nyane tsa li-block block ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa POSIX le ANSI C.
Qalong Linus o ne a nahana ho bitsa kernel Freax, ho tloha mantsoeng "mahala", "freak" le X (Unix). Empa kernel e ile ea fumana lebitso "Linux" ka lebaka la Ari Lemmke, eo, ka kopo ea Linus, a ileng a beha kernel holim'a eona. univesithing, a reha bukana e nang le li-archive eseng "freax", joalo ka ha Torvalds a kopile, empa "linux". Hoa hlokomeleha hore mohoebi ea kenang khoebong William Della Croce o ile a khona ho ngolisa letšoao la khoebo la Linux 'me a batla ho bokella likoloto ka mor'a nako, empa hamorao a fetola maikutlo a hae' me a fetisetsa litokelo tsohle ho letšoao la khoebo ho Linus. Mascot ea semmuso ea Linux kernel, Tux penguin, e khethiloe ka lebaka leo , e ileng ea tšoaroa ka 1996. Lebitso Tux le emetse Torvalds UniX.
Matla a kholo ea codebase (palo ea mela ea khoutu ea mohloli) ea kernel:
- 0.0.1 - September 1991, mela e likete tse 10 tsa khoutu;
- 1.0.0 - March 1994, 176 likete mela ea khoutu;
- 1.2.0 - March 1995, 311 likete mela ea khoutu;
- 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 likete mela ea khoutu;
- 2.2.0 - January 1999, mela e limilione tse 1.8 ea khoutu;
- 2.4.0 - January 2001, mela e limilione tse 3.4 ea khoutu;
- 2.6.0 - December 2003, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 5.9;
- 2.6.28 - December 2008, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 10.2;
- 2.6.35 - Phato 2010, mela e limilione tse 13.4 ea khoutu;
- 3.0 - Phato 2011, mela e limilione tse 14.6 ea khoutu.
- 3.5 - July 2012, limilione tse 15.5 mela ea khoutu.
- 3.10 - Phupu 2013, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 15.8;
- 3.16 - Phato 2014, mela e limilione tse 17.5 ea khoutu;
- 4.1 - Phuptjane 2015, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 19.5;
- 4.7 - Phupu 2016, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 21.7;
- 4.12 - Phupu 2017, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 24.1;
- 4.18 - Phato 2018, mela e limilione tse 25.3 ea khoutu.
- 5.2 - July 2019, limilione tse 26.55 mela ea khoutu.
- 5.8 - Phato 2020, mela e limilione tse 28.36 ea khoutu.
Tsoelo-pele ea Ntšetso-pele:
- Linux 0.0.1 - Loetse 1991, tokollo ea pele ea sechaba e tšehetsang i386 CPU feela le ho qala ka floppy;
- Linux 0.12 - Pherekhong 1992, khoutu e ile ea qala ho ajoa tlasa laesense ea GPLv2;
- Linux 0.95 - Hlakubele 1992, e ekelitse bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa X Window System, e kentse ts'ehetso bakeng sa mohopolo o hlakileng le karohano ea swap.
- Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, mosebetsi o qalile ho stack ea marang-rang. Tsamaiso ea faele ea Ext2 e ile ea hlahisoa, tšehetso ea sebopeho sa faele ea ELF e ile ea eketsoa, bakhanni ba likarete tsa molumo le balaoli ba SCSI ba ile ba hlahisoa, ho kenngoa ha li-module tsa kernel le tsamaiso ea faele ea / proc e ile ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong.
- Ka 1992, ho ile ha hlaha kabo ea pele ea SLS le Yggdrasil. Lehlabuleng la 1993, ho ile ha thehoa merero ea Slackware le Debian.
- Linux 1.0 - Hlakubele 1994, tokollo ea pele e tsitsitseng ka molao;
- Linux 1.2 - Hlakubele 1995, keketseho e kholo ea palo ea bakhanni, tšehetso bakeng sa sethala sa Alpha, MIPS le SPARC, bokhoni bo atolositsoeng ba marang-rang, ponahalo ea sefahla sa pakete, tšehetso ea NFS;
- Linux 2.0 - Phuptjane 1996, tšehetso ea litsamaiso tse ngata tsa processor;
- March 1997: LKML, Linux kernel lenane la mangolo le thehiloe;
- 1998: E ile ea tsebisa sehlopha sa pele sa Top500 Linux-based, se nang le li-node tse 68 tse nang le Alpha CPUs;
- Linux 2.2 - Pherekhong 1999, ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea sistimi ea taolo ea memori, tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa IPv6, e kentse ts'ebetso ea firewall e ncha, e hlahisitse sistimi e ncha ea molumo;
- Linux 2.4 - February 2001, tšehetso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa 8-processor le 64 GB ea RAM, tsamaiso ea faele ea Ext3, tšehetso ea USB, ACPI;
- Linux 2.6 - Tšitoe 2003, tšehetso ea SELinux, lisebelisoa tsa tokiso ea kernel ea othomathike, li-sysfs, sistimi e hlophisitsoeng bocha ea taolo ea memori;
- Ka 2005, Xen hypervisor e ile ea hlahisoa, e ileng ea kenya nako ea ho bona hantle;
- Ka September 2008, ho ile ha thehoa tokollo ea pele ea sethala sa Android se thehiloeng ho Linux kernel;
- Ka July 2011, ka mor'a lilemo tse 10 tsa tsoelo-pele ea lekala la 2.6.x ho fetela ho palo 3.x. Palo ea lintho tse polokelong ea Git e fihlile ho limilione tse 2;
- Selemong sa 2015 ho lokolloa ha Linux kernel 4.0. Palo ea lintho tsa git sebakeng sa polokelo e fihlile ho limilione tse 4;
- Ka la 2018 Hlakubele ketsahalo ea bohlokoahali ea lintho tse limilione tse 6 tsa git sebakeng sa polokelo ea kernel.
- Ka January 2019, ho ile ha thehoa lekala la kernel . Sebaka sa polokelo se fihletse lintho tsa git tse limilione tse 6.5.
- Kernel 2020 e phatlalalitsoe ka Phato 5.8 kholo ka ho fetisisa ho ya ka palo ya diphetoho tsa dithollo tsohle nakong ya boteng bohle ba morero.
Source: opennet.ru