Ka Phato 25, 1991, kamora likhoeli tse hlano tsa nts'etsopele, moithuti ea lilemo li 21 Linus Torvalds o phatlalalitse ho comp.os.minix teleconference hore mofuta o sebetsang oa sistimi e ncha ea ts'ebetso ea Linux o se o phethiloe, porting bash 1.08 le gcc 1.40 e phethiloe. Phatlalatso ea pele ea sechaba ea Linux kernel e ile ea hlahisoa ka September 17th. 0.0.1 kernel e ne e hatelitsoe ka 62 KB mme e na le mela e ka bang 10 ea khoutu ea mohloli. Linux kernel ea sejoale-joale e na le mela e fetang limilione tse 30 ea khoutu. Ho latela phuputso e entsoeng ke European Union ka 2010, litšenyehelo tse hakanyetsoang tsa ho nts'etsapele projeke e ts'oanang le Linux kernel ea sejoale-joale e ka ba lidolara tse fetang bilione tsa US (palo e entsoe ha kernel e na le mela ea khoutu ea limilione tse 13) , ho ea ka likhakanyo tse ling - ho feta 3 limilione tse likete.
Linux kernel e ile ea bululeloa ke tsamaiso ea MINIX, e neng e sa lumellane le Linus ka laesense ea eona e fokolang. Kamora moo, ha Linux e fetoha projeke e tsebahalang, bahanyetsi ba ile ba leka ho qosa Linus ka ho kopitsa khoutu ea li-subsystem tse ling tsa MINIX ka kotloloho. Tlhaselo eo e ile ea hlakoloa ke Andrew Tanenbaum, mongoli oa MINIX, ea ileng a laela seithuti ho etsa papiso e qaqileng ea khoutu ea Minix le liphatlalatso tsa pele tsa sechaba tsa Linux. Liphetho tsa thuto li bonts'itse ho ba teng ha lipapali tse 'ne feela tse nyane tsa li-code blocks, ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa POSIX le ANSI C.
Qalong Linus o ne a nahana ho reha kernel Freax, ho tsoa ho mantsoe "mahala", "freak" le X (Unix). Empa lebitso "Linux" le fuoe kernel ke Ari Lemmke, eo, ka kopo ea Linus, a ileng a beha kernel ho seva sa FTP sa univesithi, a reha bukana e nang le "archive" eseng "freax", joalo ka ha Torvalds a botsa, empa "linux". ”. Hoa hlokomeleha hore mohoebi ea kenang khoebong William Della Croce (William Della Croce) o ile a khona ho ngolisa letšoao la khoebo la Linux 'me a batla ho bokella meputso ha nako e ntse e ea, empa hamorao a fetola maikutlo a hae mme a fetisetsa litokelo tsohle ho letšoao la khoebo ho Linus. Mascot ea semmuso ea Linux kernel, Tux penguin, e khethiloe ka lebaka la tlholisano e ileng ea tšoaroa ka 1996. Lebitso Tux le emetse Torvalds UniX.
Matla a kholo ea codebase (palo ea mela ea khoutu ea mohloli) ea kernel:
- 0.0.1 - September 1991, mela e likete tse 10 tsa khoutu;
- 1.0.0 - March 1994, 176 likete mela ea khoutu;
- 1.2.0 - March 1995, 311 likete mela ea khoutu;
- 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 likete mela ea khoutu;
- 2.2.0 - January 1999, mela e limilione tse 1.8 ea khoutu;
- 2.4.0 - January 2001, mela e limilione tse 3.4 ea khoutu;
- 2.6.0 - December 2003, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 5.9;
- 2.6.28 - December 2008, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 10.2;
- 2.6.35 - Phato 2010, mela e limilione tse 13.4 ea khoutu;
- 3.0 - Phato 2011, mela e limilione tse 14.6 ea khoutu.
- 3.5 - July 2012, limilione tse 15.5 mela ea khoutu.
- 3.10 - Phupu 2013, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 15.8;
- 3.16 - Phato 2014, mela e limilione tse 17.5 ea khoutu;
- 4.1 - Phuptjane 2015, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 19.5;
- 4.7 - Phupu 2016, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 21.7;
- 4.12 - Phupu 2017, mela ea khoutu e limilione tse 24.1;
- 4.18 - Phato 2018, mela e limilione tse 25.3 ea khoutu.
- 5.2 - July 2019, limilione tse 26.55 mela ea khoutu.
- 5.8 - Phato 2020, mela e limilione tse 28.4 ea khoutu.
- 5.13 - Phuptjane 2021, mela e limilione tse 29.2 ea khoutu.
- 5.19 - Phato 2022, mela e limilione tse 30.5 ea khoutu.
Tsoelo-pele ea Ntšetso-pele:
- Linux 0.0.1 - Loetse 1991, tokollo ea pele ea sechaba e tšehetsang i386 CPU feela le ho qala ka floppy;
- Linux 0.12 - Pherekhong 1992, khoutu e ile ea qala ho ajoa tlasa laesense ea GPLv2;
- Linux 0.95 - Hlakubele 1992, e ekelitse bokhoni ba ho tsamaisa X Window System, e kentse ts'ehetso bakeng sa mohopolo o hlakileng le karohano ea swap.
- Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, mosebetsi o qalile ho stack ea marang-rang. Tsamaiso ea faele ea Ext2 e ile ea hlahisoa, tšehetso ea sebopeho sa faele ea ELF e ile ea eketsoa, bakhanni ba likarete tsa molumo le balaoli ba SCSI ba ile ba hlahisoa, ho kenngoa ha li-module tsa kernel le tsamaiso ea faele ea / proc e ile ea kenngoa ts'ebetsong.
- Ka 1992, ho ile ha hlaha kabo ea pele ea SLS le Yggdrasil. Lehlabuleng la 1993, ho ile ha thehoa merero ea Slackware le Debian.
- Linux 1.0 - Hlakubele 1994, tokollo ea pele e tsitsitseng ka molao;
- Linux 1.2 - Hlakubele 1995, keketseho e kholo ea palo ea bakhanni, tšehetso bakeng sa sethala sa Alpha, MIPS le SPARC, bokhoni bo atolositsoeng ba marang-rang, ponahalo ea sefahla sa pakete, tšehetso ea NFS;
- Linux 2.0 - Phuptjane 1996, tšehetso ea litsamaiso tse ngata tsa processor;
- March 1997: LKML, Linux kernel lenane la mangolo le thehiloe;
- 1998: E ile ea tsebisa sehlopha sa pele sa Top500 Linux-based, se nang le li-node tse 68 tse nang le Alpha CPUs;
- Linux 2.2 - Pherekhong 1999, ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea sistimi ea taolo ea memori, tšehetso e ekelitsoeng bakeng sa IPv6, e kentse ts'ebetso ea firewall e ncha, e hlahisitse sistimi e ncha ea molumo;
- Linux 2.4 - February 2001, tšehetso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa 8-processor le 64 GB ea RAM, tsamaiso ea faele ea Ext3, tšehetso ea USB, ACPI;
- Linux 2.6 - Tšitoe 2003, tšehetso ea SELinux, lisebelisoa tsa tokiso ea kernel ea othomathike, li-sysfs, sistimi e hlophisitsoeng bocha ea taolo ea memori;
- Ka 2005, Xen hypervisor e ile ea hlahisoa, e ileng ea kenya nako ea ho bona hantle;
- Ka September 2008, ho ile ha thehoa tokollo ea pele ea sethala sa Android se thehiloeng ho Linux kernel;
- Ka Phupu 2011, kamora lilemo tse 10 tsa nts'etsopele ea lekala la 2.6.x, ho ile ha etsoa phetoho ho 3.x numbering. Palo ea lintho tse polokelong ea Git e fihlile ho limilione tse 2;
- Ka 2015, ho ile ha lokolloa Linux 4.0 kernel. Palo ea lintho tsa git sebakeng sa polokelo e fihlile ho limilione tse 4;
- Ka Mmesa 2018, ketsahalo ea bohlokoahali ea lintho tsa git tse limilione tse 6 sebakeng sa polokelo ea mantlha e ile ea hloloa.
- Ka Pherekhong 2019, ho ile ha thehoa lekala la Linux 5.0 kernel. Sebaka sa polokelo se fihlile boemong ba lintho tsa git tse limilione tse 6.5.
- E hatisitsoe ka Phato 2020, 5.8 kernel e ne e le kholo ka ho fetisisa ho latela palo ea liphetoho tsa lithollo bophelong bohle ba morero.
- Ho 5.13 kernel, rekoto e ne e behiloe bakeng sa palo ea batho ba ntlafatsang (2150), bao liphetoho tsa bona li neng li kenyelelitsoe kernel.
- Ka 2021, khoutu ea ho nts'etsapele bakhanni ba Rust e ile ea eketsoa lekaleng la kernel le latelang la Linux. Mosebetsi o ntse o tsoela pele ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse tšehetsang Rust karolong e kholo ea mantlha.
- Ka Phato 2022, ho ile ha thehoa lekala la Linux 6.0 kernel, kaha lekala la 5.x le ne le bokelletse litokollo tse lekaneng ho fetola nomoro ea pele ea nomoro ea phetolelo.
68% ea liphetoho tsohle tsa mantlha li entsoe ke lik'hamphani tse 20 tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa. Ka mohlala, ha ho etsoa kernel 5.19, 10.9% ea liphetoho tsohle li lokiselitsoe ke Intel, 5.7% ke Linaro, 5.5% ke AMD, 5.2% ke Red Hat, 4.1% ke Google, 3.5% ke Meta, 3.1% ke SUSE, 2.9 % ka Huawei, 2.8% - NVIDIA, 2.7% - Oracle. 11.8% ea liphetoho li lokisitsoe ke bafani ba ikemetseng kapa bahlahisi ba sa kang ba bolela ka ho hlaka hore ba sebeletsa lik'hamphani tse itseng. Mabapi le palo ea mela e 5.19 ea khoutu e kenyellelitsoeng kernel, moetapele ke AMD, eo kabelo ea eona e neng e le 37.9% (mokhanni oa amdgpu o na le mela e fetang limilione tse 4 tsa khoutu, tseo boholo ba tsona li hlahisoang ka bo eona lifaele tsa hlooho tse nang le data bakeng sa GPU. direseta).
Source: opennet.ru