Libapali tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara tse bileng le nako ea Xbox 360 li tloaelane haholo le boemo ha li-console tsa bona li fetoha pitsa e halikiloeng eo ba neng ba ka halika mahe ho eona. Boemo bo tšoanang bo utloisang bohloko ha bo hlahe feela ka li-consoles tsa lipapali, empa hape le ka lifono, li-laptops, matlapa le tse ling tse ngata. Ha e le hantle, hoo e batlang e le sesebelisoa leha e le sefe sa elektronike se ka ba le ts'oaetso ea mocheso, e ka lebisang eseng feela ho hlōleha le ho halefisoa ke mong'a eona, empa hape le "boom e mpe" ea betri le kotsi e tebileng. Kajeno re tla tloaelana le phuputso eo ho eona bo-rasaense ba tsoang Univesithing ea Stanford, ba kang Nick Fury ho tsoa li-comics, ba thehileng thebe e sireletsang likarolo tsa elektronike tse thibelang mocheso hore li se ke tsa chesa haholo, ka lebaka leo, li li thibela ho robeha. Bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona joang ho etsa thebe ea mocheso, likarolo tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke life le hore na e sebetsa joang? Re ithuta ka sena le tse ling ho tsoa tlalehong ea sehlopha sa lipatlisiso. Eya.
Motheo oa lipatlisiso
Bothata ba ho chesa haholo bo tsebahala ka nako e telele haholo, 'me bo-rasaense ba bo rarolla ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Tse ling tsa tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke tšebeliso ea khalase, polasetiki esita le likarolo tsa moea, tse sebetsang e le mofuta oa li-insulators tsa mahlaseli a mocheso. Linthong tsa morao-rao, mokhoa ona o ka ntlafatsoa ka ho fokotsa botenya ba lera le sireletsang ho liathomo tse 'maloa ntle le ho lahleheloa ke thepa ea eona ea ho kenya mocheso. Ke sona seo bafuputsi ba se entseng.
Ehlile, re bua ka li-nanomaterials. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea bona ho insulation ea mocheso pele e ne e thatafalloa ke taba ea hore bolelele ba maqhubu a pholiso (medumo*) e khuts'oane haholo ho feta ea li-electrone kapa photon.
Phonon* - quasiparticle, e leng palo ea ho sisinyeha ha liathomo tsa kristale.
Ho phaella moo, ka lebaka la tlhaho ea bosonic ea li-phonon, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho li laola ka motlakase (joalokaha ho etsoa ka bajari ba litefello), tseo ka kakaretso li etsang hore ho be thata ho laola ho fetisoa ha mocheso linthong tse tiileng.
Nakong e fetileng, thepa ea mocheso ea lintho tse tiileng, joalokaha bafuputsi ba re hopotsa, e ne e laoloa ka lifilimi tsa nanolaminate le li-superlattices ka lebaka la bothata ba sebopeho le li-interfaces tse phahameng, kapa ka silicon le germanium nanowires ka lebaka la ho hasana ha phonon e matla.
Ho mekhoa e mengata ea ho thibela mocheso e hlalositsoeng ka holimo, bo-rasaense ba itokiselitse ka kholiseho ho fana ka thepa ea mahlakore a mabeli, eo botenya ba eona bo sa feteng liathomo tse 'maloa, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho li laola ka tekanyo ea athomo. Thutong ea bona ba ile ba sebelisa van der Waals (vdW) kopano ea likarolo tse tšesaane tsa 2D ho fihlela ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng haholo ho pholletsa le heterostructure ea bona.
Mabotho a Van der Waals* - matla a ho sebelisana ha intermolecular / interatomic ka matla a 10-20 kJ / mol.
Mokhoa o mocha o entse hore ho khonehe ho fumana khanyetso ea mocheso ka har'a 2 nm thick vdW heterostructure e ka bapisoang le ea 2 nm e teteaneng ea SiO300 (silicon dioxide).
Ho feta moo, ts'ebeliso ea li-heterostructures tsa vdW e entse hore ho khonehe ho fumana taolo holim'a thepa ea mocheso boemong ba athomo ka ho beha li-monolayers tse fapaneng tsa XNUMXD tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea boima ba athomo le mekhoa ea ho sisinyeha.
Kahoo, a re se keng ra hula litelu tsa katse 'me re qale ho nahana ka liphello tsa lipatlisiso tsena tse hlollang.
Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso
Pele ho tsohle, a re ke re itloaetse litšobotsi tsa microstructural le optical tsa vdW heterostructures tse sebelisitsoeng thutong ena.
Setšoantšo #1
Setšoantšong 1 e bonts'a sets'oants'o sa likarolo tse 'nè tsa heterostructure ea lihlopha tse' nè e nang le (ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase): graphene (Gr), MoSe2, MoS2, WSe22 le substrate ea SiO2 / Si. Ho hlahloba likarolo tsohle ka nako e le 'ngoe, sebelisa Raman laser* leqhubu la bolelele ba 532 nm.
Raman laser* - mofuta oa laser oo mochine o ka sehloohong oa ho hōlisa leseli ke ho hasana ha Raman.
Raman oa hasana, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke ho hasana ha inelastic ea mahlaseli a optical holim'a limolek'hule tsa ntho, e tsamaeang le phetoho e kholo ea maqhubu a mahlaseli.
Ho ile ha sebelisoa mekhoa e mengata ho netefatsa homogeneity ea microstructural, thermal le motlakase ea heterostructures: scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Kelvin probe microscopy (KPM), scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), hammoho le Raman spectroscopy le thermometry.
Image Image 1b e re bontša sebopeho sa Raman sa Gr/MoSe2/MoS2/WSe22 heterostructure holim'a substrate ea SiO2/Si sebakeng se tšoailoeng ka letheba le khubelu. Morero ona o bonts'a tshaeno ea mong le e mong oa monolayer ka lethathamong la lera, hammoho le ho saena ha substrate ea Si.
mabapi le 1c-1f Ho bonts'itsoe litšoantšo tsa STEM tsa lebala le lefifi tsa Gr/MoSe2/MoS2/WSe22 heterostructure.1s) le Gr/MoS2/WSe22 heterostructures (1d-1f) e nang le litebello tse fapaneng tsa letlapa. Litšoantšo tsa STEM li bontša likheo tsa vdW tse koaletsoeng ka atomo ntle le tšilafalo leha e le efe, e leng se lumellang hore botenya bohle ba li-heterostructures tsena bo bonahale ka ho feletseng. Ho ba teng ha li-interlayer coupling ho boetse ho netefalitsoe libakeng tse kholo tsa scanning ho sebelisoa spectroscopy ea photoluminescence (PL)1g). Letšoao la photoluminescent la lihlopha ka bomong ka hare ho heterostructure le hatelloa haholo ha le bapisoa le letšoao la monolayer e ka thōko. Sena se hlalosoa ke ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea tefiso ea li-interlayer ka lebaka la tšebelisano e haufi ea li-interlayer, e ba matla le ho feta ka mor'a hore annealing.
Setšoantšo #2
E le ho lekanya mocheso oa mocheso o pota-potileng ho lifofane tsa athomo tsa heterostructure, lihlopha tsa lihlopha li ne li hlophisitsoe ka mokhoa oa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse nang le lisebelisoa tse 'nè. Karolo e ka holimo ea li-electrode tsa graphene contacts palladium (Pd) 'me e sebelisoa e le hitara bakeng sa litekanyo tsa Raman thermometry.
Mokhoa ona oa ho futhumatsa motlakase o fana ka tekanyo e nepahetseng ea matla a ho kenya. Mokhoa o mong o ka khonehang oa ho futhumatsa, oa optical, o ka ba thata ho o sebelisa ka lebaka la ho hloka tsebo ea li-coefficients tsa ho monya tsa lihlopha ka bomong.
mabapi le 2 e bonts'a potoloho ea litekanyo tse 'ne, le 2b e bontsha ponahalo ya hodimo ya sebopeho se lekoang. Kemiso 2s e bonts'a litšobotsi tse lekantsoeng tsa ho fetisa mocheso bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse tharo, e 'ngoe e na le graphene feela le tse peli tse nang le lihlopha tsa Gr/WSe22 le Gr/MoSe2/WSe22. Mefuta eohle e bonts'a boits'oaro bo makatsang ba graphene, bo amanang le ho se be teng ha lekhalo la sehlopha.
Ho ile ha boela ha fumanoa hore ho tsamaisa le ho futhumatsa hona joale ho etsahala karolong e ka holimo (graphene), kaha motlakase oa eona o na le litaelo tse 'maloa tsa boholo bo phahameng ho feta tsa MoS2 le WSe22.
Ho bontša homogeneity ea lisebelisoa tse lekiloeng, litekanyo li nkiloe ho sebelisoa Kelvin probe microscopy (KPM) le scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). Ka chate 2d Litekanyo tsa KPM li bonts'oa li bonts'a kabo e ka bang teng. Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea SThM li bontšoa ho 2s. Mona re bona 'mapa oa likanale tsa Gr/MoS2/WSe22 tse futhumetseng ka motlakase, hammoho le boteng ba ho tšoana ha mocheso o futhumatsang holim'a metsi.
Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba e hlalositsoeng ka holimo, haholo-holo SThM, e tiisitse homogeneity ea sebopeho se tlas'a thuto, ke hore, homogeneity ea eona, ho latela mocheso. Mohato o latelang e ne e le ho lekanya mocheso oa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likarolo ho sebelisa Raman spectroscopy (ke hore, Raman spectroscopy).
Lisebelisoa tsena tse tharo li ile tsa lekoa, se seng le se seng se na le sebaka sa ~ 40 µm2. Tabeng ena, matla a futhumatsang a fetohile ka 9 mW, 'me matla a laser a monyelitsoeng a ne a le ka tlase ho ~ 5 μW ka sebaka sa laser spot ~ 0.5 μm2.
Setšoantšo #3
Holima chate 3 ho eketseha ha mocheso (∆T) oa lera ka 'ngoe le substrate e bonahala ha matla a futhumatsang ho Gr/MoS2/WSe22 heterostructure a ntse a eketseha.
Matsoapo a ts'ebetso ea linear bakeng sa thepa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (lera) e bontša ho hanyetsa mocheso (Rth = ∆T / P) pakeng tsa lera ka bomong le mocheso oa mocheso. Ka lebaka la kabo e ts'oanang ea ho futhumatsa sebakeng seo, ho hanyetsa mocheso ho ka hlahlojoa habonolo ho tloha tlase ho ea holimo, moo boleng ba bona bo tloaelehileng ke sebaka sa seteishene (WL).
L le W ke bolelele le bophara ba kanale, tse kholo haholo ho feta botenya ba karoloana ea SiO2 le bolelele ba ho futhumatsa mocheso oa lateral, e leng ~ 0.1 μm.
Ka hona, re ka fumana mokhoa oa ho hanyetsa mocheso oa Si substrate, o tla shebahala tjena:
Rth,Si ≈ (WL)1/2 / (2kSi)
Boemong bona kSi ≈ 90 W m−1 K−1, e leng mokhoa o lebelletsoeng oa ho tsamaisa mocheso oa substrate e nang le doped haholo.
Phapang pakeng tsa Rth,WSe2 le Rth,Si ke kakaretso ea khanyetso ea mocheso ea 2 nm thick SiO100 le mocheso oa moeli oa mocheso (TBR) oa sebopeho sa WSe2 / SiO2.
Ha re kopanya lintlha tse ka holimo, re ka tiisa hore Rth,MoS2 − Rth,WSe2 = TBRMoS2/WSe2, le Rth,Gr − Rth,MoS2 = TBRGr/MoS2. Ka hona, ho tloha ho kerafo 3 hoa khoneha ho ntša boleng ba TBR bakeng sa sebaka se seng le se seng sa WSe2/SiO2, MoS2/WSe2 le Gr/MoS2.
Ka mor'a moo, bo-rasaense ba ile ba bapisa ho hanyetsa mocheso o feletseng oa li-heterostructures tsohle, tse lekantsoeng ho sebelisa Raman spectroscopy le microscopy ea mocheso (3b).
Li-heterostructures tsa Bilayer le trilayer ho SiO2 li bontšitse khanyetso e matla ea mocheso ho tloha ho 220 ho isa ho 280 m2 K/GW mocheso oa kamore, e lekanang le ho hanyetsa mocheso oa SiO2 ka botenya ba 290 ho isa ho 360 nm. Leha taba ea hore botenya ba li-heterostructures tse ithutoang ha bo fete 2 nm (1d-1f), conductivity ea bona ea mocheso ke 0.007-0.009 W m−1 K-1 mocheso oa kamore.
Setšoantšo #4
Setšoantšo sa 4 se bontša litekanyo tsa mehaho eohle e mene le mocheso oa moeli oa mocheso (TBC) oa li-interfaces tsa bona, e leng se re lumellang hore re hlahlobe tekanyo ea tšusumetso ea lera ka 'ngoe ho hanyetsa mocheso o neng o lekantsoe pele (TBC = 1 / TBR).
Bafuputsi ba hlokomela hore ena ke tekanyo ea pele ea TBC bakeng sa likhokahano tse haufi tsa atomo lipakeng tsa li-monolayers tse arohaneng (2D/2D), haholo lipakeng tsa WSe2 le SiO2 monolayers.
TBC ea sebopeho sa monolayer WSe2 / SiO2 e tlase ho feta ea multilayer WSe2 / SiO2 segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo, e leng ha ho makatse kaha monolayer e na le mekhoa e fokolang haholo ea ho khumama ea phonon e fumanehang bakeng sa phetisetso. Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, TBC ea khokahano lipakeng tsa 2D layers e tlase ho feta TBC ea sebopeho lipakeng tsa 2D layer le 3D SiO2 substrate (4b).
Bakeng sa ho tseba haholoanyane ka li-nuances tsa thuto, ke khothaletsa ho sheba и ho eena.
Epilogue
Patlisiso ena, joalo ka ha bo-ramahlale ka bobona ba bolela, e re fa tsebo e ka sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ea likhokahano tsa mocheso oa athomo. Mosebetsi ona o bontšitse monyetla oa ho theha metamatariamo e thibelang mocheso eo thepa ea eona e sa fumaneheng tlhahong. Ho phaella moo, thuto e boetse e tiisa monyetla oa ho etsa litekanyo tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso oa mehaho e joalo, ho sa tsotellehe tekanyo ea athomo ea lihlopha.
Li-heterostructures tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo li ka fetoha motheo oa "lithebe" tsa mocheso o khanyang haholo le o kopanetsoeng, tse khonang, ka mohlala, ho tlosa mocheso ho tloha libakeng tse chesang ka elektronike. Ho phaella moo, theknoloji ena e ka sebelisoa ho lijenereithara tsa thermoelectric kapa lisebelisoa tse laoloang ke mocheso, ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea tsona.
Phuputso ena e boetse e tiisa hore saense ea morao-rao e thahasella ka ho teba molao-motheo oa "ho sebetsa hantle ka thimble," e ke keng ea bitsoa maikutlo a hlokang kelello, ho latela mehloli e fokolang ea polanete le kholo e tsoelang pele ea tlhokahalo ea mefuta eohle ea mekhoa ea theknoloji.
Ke leboha tlhokomelo ea hau, lula u labalabela ho tseba 'me u be le beke e monate bohle! 🙂
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Source: www.habr.com