{"id":100821,"date":"2021-07-23T10:22:39","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-firewalld-1-0"},"modified":"2021-07-23T10:22:39","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T08:22:39","slug":"vypusk-firewalld-1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/vypusk-firewalld-1-0","title":{"rendered":"Sl\u00e4pp av firewalld 1.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Det har sl\u00e4ppts en version av den dynamiskt hanterade brandv\u00e4ggen firewalld 1.0, som implementerats som en wrapper \u00f6ver paketfiltreringssystemen nftables och iptables. Firewalld k\u00f6rs som en bakgrundsprocess som m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r dynamisk \u00e4ndring av paketfilterregler via D-Bus, utan behov av att ladda om reglerna f\u00f6r paketfilter och utan avbrott f\u00f6r befintliga anslutningar. Projektet anv\u00e4nds redan i m\u00e5nga Linux-distributioner, inklusive RHEL 7+, Fedora 18+ och SUSE\/openSUSE 15+. Koden f\u00f6r firewalld \u00e4r skriven i Python och distribueras under GPLv2-licensen.      <\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r att hantera brandv\u00e4ggen anv\u00e4nds verktyget firewall-cmd, vilket vid skapandet av regler inte baseras p\u00e5 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP-adresser\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"837\">IP-adresser<\/a>, n\u00e4tverksgr\u00e4nssnitt och portnummer, samt tj\u00e4nsternas namn (till exempel, f\u00f6r att \u00f6ppna \u00e5tkomst till SSH m\u00e5ste man utf\u00f6ra &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;add &#8212;service=ssh&#187;, f\u00f6r att st\u00e4nga SSH &#8212; &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;remove &#8212;service=ssh&#187;). F\u00f6r att \u00e4ndra konfigurationen av brandv\u00e4ggen kan \u00e4ven det grafiska gr\u00e4nssnittet firewall-config (GTK) och applet firewall-applet (Qt) anv\u00e4ndas. St\u00f6d f\u00f6r hantering av brandv\u00e4ggen via D-BUS API firewalld finns i projekt som NetworkManager, libvirt, podman, docker och fail2ban.    <\/p>\n<p>Den betydande \u00e4ndringen av versionsnumret \u00e4r relaterad till \u00e4ndringar som bryter bak\u00e5tkompatibiliteten och f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrar hur zoner interagerar. Alla parametrar f\u00f6r filtrering som definieras i en zon till\u00e4mpas nu endast f\u00f6r trafik som \u00e4r adresserad till den v\u00e4rd d\u00e4r firewalld k\u00f6rs, medan filtrering av transittrafik kr\u00e4ver att policys st\u00e4lls in. De mest uppenbara f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna \u00e4r:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Backend-l\u00f6sningen som till\u00e4t anv\u00e4ndning ovanp\u00e5 iptables har deklarerats som f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrad. St\u00f6det f\u00f6r iptables kommer att bibeh\u00e5llas under \u00f6versk\u00e5dlig framtid, men denna backend kommer inte att vidareutvecklas.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c intra-zone-forwarding, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b (public, block, trusted, internal \u0438 \u0442.\u043f.). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b  \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;zone public &#8212;remove-forward&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 (NAT), \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 &#171;inet&#187; (\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 &#171;ip&#187; \u0438 &#171;ip6&#187;, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4 \u0438 IPv6). \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ipset &#8212; \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 ipset \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 &#171;default&#187;, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435 &#171;&#8212;set-target&#187;, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e &#171;reject&#187;, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435  \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f ICMP-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b &#171;trusted&#187; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430:       firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;new-policy allowForward      firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;policy allowForward &#8212;set-target ACCEPT     firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;policy allowForward &#8212;add-ingress-zone public     firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;policy allowForward &#8212;add-egress-zone trusted     firewall-cmd &#8212;reload\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 &#171;&#8212;set-target catch-all&#187;, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b drop, reject \u0438\u043b\u0438 accept, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f &#171;&#8212;set-target  drop|reject|accept&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Blockeringen av ICMP till\u00e4mpas nu endast p\u00e5 inkommande paket adresserade till den aktuella v\u00e4rden (input) och ber\u00f6r inte paket som omdirigeras mellan zoner (forward).\n<li class=\"l\"> Tj\u00e4nsten tftp-client, avsedd f\u00f6r att sp\u00e5ra anslutningar f\u00f6r TFTP-protokollet, har tagits bort, eftersom den var oanv\u00e4ndbar.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 &#171;direct&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 CleanupModulesOnExit, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#171;no&#187;. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b  firewalld.\n<li class=\"l\"> Anv\u00e4ndning av ipset vid best\u00e4mning av destinationssystem (destination) har till\u00e5tits.\n<li class=\"l\"> Definitionerna av tj\u00e4nster f\u00f6r WireGuard, Kubernetes och netbios-ns har lagts till.\n<li class=\"l\"> Regler f\u00f6r autocompletions har implementerats f\u00f6r zsh.\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6det f\u00f6r Python 2 har upph\u00f6rt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Listan \u00f6ver beroenden har f\u00f6rkortats. F\u00f6r att firewalld ska fungera kr\u00e4vs nu f\u00f6rutom Linux-k\u00e4rnan endast python-biblioteken dbus, gobject och nftables, medan paketen ebtables, ipset och iptables nu \u00e4r valfria. Fr\u00e5n beroenden har python-biblioteken decorator och slip tagits bort.    <\/ul>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55537\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 firewalld 1.0, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 nftables \u0438 iptables. Firewalld \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 D-Bus, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 Linux, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f RHEL 7+, Fedora 18+ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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