{"id":103407,"date":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2"},"modified":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","title":{"rendered":"Utf\u00e4rdandet av paketfilter nftables 1.0.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Utg\u00e5van av paketfilter nftables 1.0.2 har publicerats och enhetligar gr\u00e4nssnitten f\u00f6r paketfiltreringen f\u00f6r IPv4, IPv6, ARP och n\u00e4tverksbroar (avser att ers\u00e4tta iptables, ip6table, arptables och ebtables). De n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga \u00e4ndringarna f\u00f6r att aktivera nftables 1.0.2 har inkluderats i k\u00e4rnan Linux 5.17-rc.      <\/p>\n<p>Paketet nftables inneh\u00e5ller komponenter f\u00f6r paketfilter som arbetar i anv\u00e4ndarrummet, medan nf_tables-systemet p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5 tillhandah\u00e5ller funktionen, vilket har varit en del av Linux-k\u00e4rnan sedan version 3.13. P\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5 tillhandah\u00e5lls endast ett allm\u00e4nt gr\u00e4nssnitt, oberoende av protokoll, som ger grundl\u00e4ggande funktioner f\u00f6r att extrahera data fr\u00e5n paket, utf\u00f6ra operationer med data och styra fl\u00f6det.    <\/p>\n<p>Sj\u00e4lva filtreringsreglerna och protokollspecifika hanterare kompileras till bytekod i anv\u00e4ndarrummet, som sedan laddas in i k\u00e4rnan via Netlink-gr\u00e4nssnittet och utf\u00f6rs i k\u00e4rnan i en speciell <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"en virtuell maskin\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4319\">en virtuell maskin<\/a>, liknande BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Denna metod g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att avsev\u00e4rt minska storleken p\u00e5 den filterkod som k\u00f6rs p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5 och flytta alla funktioner f\u00f6r tolkning av regler och logik som r\u00f6r protokoll till anv\u00e4ndarrummet.    <\/p>\n<p>Huvudsakliga nyheter:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439  \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;-o&#187; (&#171;&#8212;optimize&#187;), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 &#171;&#8212;check&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432  \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438.  \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430:          meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept        meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept        ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.2 accept        ip saddr 2.2.2.2 ip daddr 3.3.3.3 drop\n<p>kommer att sl\u00e5s samman till           meta iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 .   1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.5 } accept        ip saddr . ip daddr vmap { 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.2 : accept, 2.2.2.2 . 3.3.3.3   : drop }    <\/p>\n<p>Exempel p\u00e5 anv\u00e4ndning:       # nft -c -o -f ruleset.test     Sammanfoga:       ruleset.nft:16:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.1 counter accept       ruleset.nft:17:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.2 counter accept       ruleset.nft:18:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.3 counter accept     till:       ip daddr { 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3 } counter packets 0 bytes 0 accept      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> I set-listor har m\u00f6jligheten att specificera ip- och tcp-alternativ samt sctp-chunkar genomf\u00f6rts:            set s5 {                 typeof ip option ra value                 elements = { 1, 1024 }          }            set s7 {                 typeof sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams                 elements = { 1, 4 }          }            chain c5 {                 ip option ra value @s5 accept          }            chain c7 {                 sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams @s7 accept          }\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6d f\u00f6r TCP-alternativ som fastopen, md5sig och mptcp har lagts till.\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6d f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda subtype mp-tcp i matchningar har lagts till:            tcp option mptcp subtype 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Koden f\u00f6r filtrering p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnsidan har f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrats.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fullst\u00e4ndigt st\u00f6d f\u00f6r JSON-formatet har genomf\u00f6rts f\u00f6r flowtable.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f &#171;reject&#187; \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Ethernet-\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432.            ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff ip daddr 192.168.0.1 reject      <\/ul>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56739\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.2 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.17-rc. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e 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