Asahi-projektet, som syftar till att portera Linux f\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning p\u00e5 Mac-datorer med Apples M1 ARM-chip (Apple Silicon), har presenterat sin f\u00f6rsta alfa-version av referensdistributionen, vilket g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r alla att bekanta sig med projektets nuvarande utvecklingsniv\u00e5. Distributionen st\u00f6der installation p\u00e5 enheter med M1, M1 Pro och M1 Max. Det noteras att versionerna fortfarande inte \u00e4r klara f\u00f6r allm\u00e4n anv\u00e4ndning av vanliga anv\u00e4ndare, men de \u00e4r redan anv\u00e4ndbara f\u00f6r initiala tester av utvecklare och avancerade anv\u00e4ndare. <\/p>\n
Asahi Linux \u00e4r baserat p\u00e5 Arch Linux-paketet, inkluderar en traditionell upps\u00e4ttning program och levereras med skrivbordsmilj\u00f6n KDE Plasma. Distributionen \u00e4r byggd med hj\u00e4lp av Arch Linux: s officiella f\u00f6rvar, och alla specifika \u00e4ndringar, som k\u00e4rna, installationsprogram, bootloader, hj\u00e4lpskript och milj\u00f6inst\u00e4llningar, har flyttats till ett separat f\u00f6rvar. Projektet syftar dessutom till att m\u00f6jligg\u00f6ra Linux-anv\u00e4ndning p\u00e5 Apple M1-system mer generellt och \u00e4r berett att st\u00f6dja liknande projekt i andra distributioner. <\/p>\n
\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 macOS shell-\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 («curl https:\/\/alx.sh | sh»), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 700\u041c\u0411 \u0434\u043e 4\u0413\u0411 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 Linux, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 macOS. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 53 \u0413\u0411 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (15\u0413\u0411 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0438 38\u0413\u0411 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 macOS). \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Asahi Linux \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f macOS \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 macOS. <\/p>\n
Det har meddelats om s\u00e4kerst\u00e4llande av korrekt funktionalitet i distributionen av Wi-Fi, USB2 (Thunderbolt-portar), USB3 (Mac Mini Type A-portar), sk\u00e4rmen, NVMe-lagringsenheter, Ethernet, SD-kortl\u00e4saren, locket switch-sensorn, den inbyggda sk\u00e4rmen, tangentbordet, pekplattan, styrningen av tangentbordsbelysningen, CPU-frekvensv\u00e4xlingen och batteriinformationen. P\u00e5 M1-system fungerar \u00e4ven h\u00f6rlursuttaget, och Mac Mini-enheter har HDMI-utg\u00e5ng. Bland komponenter vars st\u00f6d \u00e4r i slutfasen och snart kommer att bli tillg\u00e4ngliga n\u00e4mns USB3, inbyggda h\u00f6gtalare och sk\u00e4rmkontroller (belysning, V-Sync, energihantering). <\/p>\n
Bland komponenterna som \u00e4nnu inte st\u00f6ds finns: grafikaccelerering via GPU, h\u00e5rdvaruaccelerering av video-codecs, DisplayPort, kamera, pekplatta (Touch Bar), Thunderbolt, HDMI i MacBook, Bluetooth, accelerator f\u00f6r maskininl\u00e4rningssystem, djupa energibesparande l\u00e4gen f\u00f6r CPU. Distributionen inneh\u00e5ller alla standardpaket fr\u00e5n Arch Linux-f\u00f6rr\u00e5den, men vissa applikationer har s\u00e4rskilda ol\u00f6sta problem, huvudsakligen p\u00e5 grund av k\u00e4rnbyggnaden med en minnessidesstorlek p\u00e5 16KB. Till exempel har det uppst\u00e5tt problem med Chromium, Emacs, lvm2, f2fs och paket som anv\u00e4nder jemalloc-biblioteket (t.ex. Rust) eller electron-plattformen (vscode, spotify etc.). Det har f\u00f6rekommit problem med applikationer som anv\u00e4nder libunwind- och webkitgtk-biblioteken, men fixar har redan tagits fram f\u00f6r dem. <\/p>\n
\u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c — \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Apple \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f jailbreak. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 macOS \u0438 Darwin, \u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Asahi, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 Mac, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 ARM-\u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c Apple M1 (Apple Silicon), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0441 M1, M1 Pro \u0438 M1 Max. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e 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