{"id":103999,"date":"2022-05-10T21:36:45","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T19:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predstavlen-distributiv-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9"},"modified":"2022-05-10T21:36:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T19:36:45","slug":"predstavlen-distributiv-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-distributiv-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 har presenterats","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 Red Hat Customer Portal (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b CentOS Stream 9). \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64 (ARM64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432  Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CentOS.   \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441  10-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 RHEL 9 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 2032 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f RHEL 7 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 30 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, RHEL 8 &#8212; \u0434\u043e 31 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2029 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.     <\/p>\n<p>Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt m\u00e4rkv\u00e4rdigt med \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen till en mer \u00f6ppen utvecklingsprocess. Till skillnad fr\u00e5n tidigare versioner bygger den h\u00e4r distributionen p\u00e5 paketbasen CentOS Stream 9. CentOS Stream positioneras som ett upstream-projekt f\u00f6r RHEL, vilket ger externa akt\u00f6rer m\u00f6jlighet att \u00f6vervaka paketens beredning f\u00f6r RHEL, f\u00f6resl\u00e5 sina f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar och p\u00e5verka fattade beslut. Tidigare anv\u00e4ndes en snapshot av en av Fedora-utg\u00e5vorna som grund f\u00f6r en ny RHEL-version, som vidareutvecklades och stabiliserades bakom st\u00e4ngda d\u00f6rrar, utan m\u00f6jlighet att \u00f6vervaka utvecklingsprocessen och fattade beslut. Nu formas CentOS Stream-grenen baserat p\u00e5 en snapshot av Fedora med samh\u00e4llets deltagande, d\u00e4r f\u00f6rberedelsearbetet g\u00f6rs och grunden f\u00f6r en ny betydande RHEL-version skapas.        <\/p>\n<p>Nyckel\u00e4ndringar:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The system environment and build tools have been updated. GCC 11 is used for packaging. The standard C library has been updated to glibc 2.34. The Linux kernel package is based on the 5.14 release. The RPM package manager has been updated to version 4.16 with integrity check support through fapolicyd.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> The migration of the distribution to Python 3 has been completed. Python 3.9 is offered by default. Python 2 delivery has been discontinued.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Skrivbordet baseras p\u00e5 GNOME 40 (i RHEL 8 levererades GNOME 3.28) och biblioteket GTK 4. I GNOME 40 har virtuella skrivbord i aktivitets\u00f6versikten (Activities Overview) \u00e4ndrats till horisontell orientering och visas som en kontinuerlig, rullbar kedja fr\u00e5n v\u00e4nster till h\u00f6ger. P\u00e5 varje skrivbord som visas i aktivitets\u00f6versikten visas de aktuella f\u00f6nstren tydligt, d\u00e4r dynamisk panorering och zoomning anv\u00e4nds vid anv\u00e4ndarinteraktion. En s\u00f6ml\u00f6s \u00f6verg\u00e5ng \u00e4r m\u00f6jlig mellan programlistan och virtuella skrivbord.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> I GNOME anv\u00e4nds power-profiles-daemon, som ger m\u00f6jligheten att v\u00e4xla mellan str\u00f6msparl\u00e4ge, balanserat energif\u00f6rbrukningsl\u00e4ge och max prestandal\u00e4ge i realtid.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Alla ljudfl\u00f6den har \u00f6verf\u00f6rts till multimedi servern PipeWire, som nu anv\u00e4nds som standard ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r PulseAudio och JACK. Anv\u00e4ndningen av PipeWire g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att i en vanlig skrivbordsutg\u00e5va tillhandah\u00e5lla funktioner f\u00f6r professionell ljudbehandling, eliminera fragmentering och enhetligg\u00f6ra ljudinfrastrukturen f\u00f6r olika till\u00e4mpningar.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Som standard \u00e4r GRUBs bootmeny g\u00f6md om RHEL \u00e4r den enda distribution som \u00e4r installerad i systemet och om den tidigare starten gick utan fel. F\u00f6r att visa menyn vid uppstart r\u00e4cker det med att h\u00e5lla ned Shift-tangenten eller trycka p\u00e5 Esc eller F8 flera g\u00e5nger. Bland \u00e4ndringarna i bootloadern noteras \u00e4ven placeringen av GRUB-konfigurationsfiler f\u00f6r alla arkitekturer i en och samma katalog \/boot\/grub2\/ (filen \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/redhat\/grub.cfg \u00e4r nu en symbolisk l\u00e4nk till \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg), dvs. samma installerade system kan startas b\u00e5de med EFI och BIOS.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponenterna f\u00f6r att st\u00f6dja olika spr\u00e5k \u00e4r placerade i langpacks-paket, som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att variera niv\u00e5n av installerat spr\u00e5ksupport. Till exempel inneh\u00e5ller paketet langpacks-core-font endast typsnitt, langpacks-core - lokal f\u00f6r glibc, grundl\u00e4ggande typsnitt och inmatningsmetod, medan langpacks - \u00f6vers\u00e4ttningar, ytterligare typsnitt och ordlistor f\u00f6r stavningskontroll.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00e4kerhetskomponenterna har uppdaterats. Den nya versionen av krypteringsbiblioteket OpenSSL 3.0 har anv\u00e4nts i distributionen. Modernare och s\u00e4krare krypteringsalgoritmer \u00e4r aktiverade som standard (till exempel \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndningen av SHA-1 f\u00f6rbjuden i TLS, DTLS, SSH, IKEv2 och Kerberos, och TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0, RC4, Camellia, DSA, 3DES och FFDHE-1024 har inaktiverats). OpenSSH-paketet har uppdaterats till version 8.6p1. Cyrus SASL har bytts till GDBM backend ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r Berkeley DB. St\u00f6det f\u00f6r DBM-formatet (Berkeley DB) har tagits bort i NSS-biblioteken (Network Security Services). GnuTLS har uppdaterats till version 3.7.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prestandan hos SELinux har betydligt f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrats och minnesf\u00f6rbrukningen har minskat. I \/etc\/selinux\/config har st\u00f6det f\u00f6r inst\u00e4llningen \"SELINUX=disabled\" tagits bort f\u00f6r att st\u00e4nga av SELinux (den angivna inst\u00e4llningen inaktiverar nu bara laddningen av policys, och f\u00f6r att faktiskt st\u00e4nga av SELinux-funktionaliteten kr\u00e4vs nu att parametern \"selinux=0\" skickas till k\u00e4rnan).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Experimentellt st\u00f6d har lagts till <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"210\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Som standard \u00e4r inloggning via SSH med anv\u00e4ndaren root f\u00f6rbjuden.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Verktygen f\u00f6r hantering av paketfiltrering iptables-nft (inkluderande iptables, ip6tables, ebtables och arptables) och ipset har f\u00f6rklarats som f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrade. F\u00f6r att hantera brandv\u00e4ggen rekommenderas nu att anv\u00e4nda nftables.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> En ny demon mptcpd har lagts till f\u00f6r konfiguration av MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), en utvidgning av TCP-protokollet f\u00f6r att m\u00f6jligg\u00f6ra att TCP-anslutningen kan leverera paket \u00f6ver flera v\u00e4gar samtidigt via olika n\u00e4tverksgr\u00e4nssnitt kopplade till olika IP-adresser. Anv\u00e4ndningen av mptcpd g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att konfigurera MPTCP utan att anv\u00e4nda verktyget iproute2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Paketet network-scripts har tagits bort, och f\u00f6r att konfigurera n\u00e4tverksanslutningar b\u00f6r NetworkManager anv\u00e4ndas. St\u00f6det f\u00f6r ifcfg-inst\u00e4llningarna har bevarats, men NetworkManager anv\u00e4nder som standard ett format baserat p\u00e5 keyfile.          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nya versioner av kompilatorer och verktyg f\u00f6r utvecklare har lagts till: GCC 11.2, LLVM\/Clang 12.0.1, Rust 1.54, Go 1.16.6, Node.js 16, OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0, Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14, binutils 2.35, CMake 3.20.2, Maven 3.6, Ant 1.10.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Serverpaketen Apache HTTP Server 2.4.48, nginx 1.20, Varnish Cache 6.5, Squid 5.1 har uppdaterats.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Databashanterare MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2 har uppdaterats.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> F\u00f6r att bygga emulatorn QEMU anv\u00e4nds Clang som standard, vilket har gjort det m\u00f6jligt att anv\u00e4nda vissa ytterligare skyddsmekanismer i hypervisorn KVM, s\u00e5som SafeStack f\u00f6r att skydda mot exploateringsmetoder som baseras p\u00e5 \u00e5terv\u00e4ndande programmering (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming).        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> I SSSD (System Security Services Daemon) har loggniv\u00e5n \u00f6kat, till exempel, nu kopplas avslutningstiden av uppgifter till h\u00e4ndelser och autentiseringstr\u00f6mmar \u00e5terspeglas. S\u00f6kfunktioner har lagts till f\u00f6r att analysera problem med konfigurationer och prestanda.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6det f\u00f6r IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) har ut\u00f6kats f\u00f6r att verifiera integriteten av operativsystemkomponenter via digitala signaturer och hash-v\u00e4rden.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Som standard aktiveras en enhetlig och standardiserad cgroup-hierarki (cgroup v2). Cgroups v2 kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att begr\u00e4nsa minnesanv\u00e4ndning, CPU-resurser och in- och utmatning. En viktig skillnad mellan cgroups v2 och v1 \u00e4r till\u00e4mpningen av en gemensam cgroup-hierarki f\u00f6r alla typer av resurser, ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r separata hierarkier f\u00f6r CPU-resursf\u00f6rdelning, minneshantering och in- och utmatning. Separata hierarkier ledde till sv\u00e5righeter med interaktion mellan processorer och \u00f6kade k\u00e4rnresurskostnader vid till\u00e4mpning av regler f\u00f6r processer som n\u00e4mns i olika hierarkier.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> St\u00f6d f\u00f6r synkronisering av exakt tid baserat p\u00e5 NTS (Network Time Security) har lagts till, vilket anv\u00e4nder element fr\u00e5n Infrastructure for Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) och m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r anv\u00e4ndning av TLS och autentiserad kryptering AEAD (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) f\u00f6r kryptografiskt skydd av interaktionen mellan klienten och <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sv\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servern\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3811\">servern<\/a> genom NTP (Network Time Protocol). NTP-servern chrony har uppdaterats till version 4.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Experimentellt st\u00f6d (Technology Preview) f\u00f6r KTLS (implementering av TLS p\u00e5 k\u00e4rnniv\u00e5), Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions), DAX (Direkt\u00e5tkomst) f\u00f6r ext4 och XFS, samt st\u00f6d f\u00f6r AMD SEV och SEV-ES i hypervisorn KVM har tillhandah\u00e5llits.         <\/ul>\n<p>K\u00e4lla: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57167\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 Red Hat Customer Portal (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b CentOS Stream 9). \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64 (ARM64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Enterprise [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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